Experiment 3 Pre-Lab
Experiment 3 Pre-Lab
Experiment 3 Pre-Lab
1. The purpose of this experiment is to standardize sodium hydroxide with pure potassium
hydrogen phthalate and to determine the acidity of an impure potassium hydrogen
phthalate sample through titration with standardized sodium hydroxide. The
determination of a titration endpoint can be found visually or graphically. Visually, when
an indicator changes color, the endpoint is determined. The first derivative or second
derivative graph of a pH curve, which is recorded using a pH meter, can also be used to
determine the endpoint. Finally, a Gran plot can be used to estimate the end point of the
titration. Visual determinations are not as reliable since eyes can only tell a color change
in the range of 1 pH from the actual pH. A pH curve gives a more accurate reading
of the pH change in the solution, and so first and second derivative graphs of pH curve
can provide a more accurate endpoint estimation. A Gran plot shows a straight line of
titrant volume versus analyte volume and hydronium concentration from the start of the
2.
titration until the endpoint, also giving a more accurate, calculated endpoint value.
C8 H 5 O 4 K + NaOH NaC 8 H 4 O 4 K + H 2 O
C8 H 5 O 4 K
+
H 3 O
. The x-axis on a Gran plot is the
titrant volume (in liters), and the y-axis is the hydronium ion concentration multiplied by
the volume (in liters) of analyte. The endpoint of the titration is found as the x-intercept.
6. Volume of NaOH needed
1 mol KHP
.10 L 1 mol NaOH
1L
1000 mL
3.005 g KHP
=26.54 mL NaOH
204. 22 g KHP .50 L 1mol KHP .1109 mol NaOH
1L
7.
Name
Structure
Appearance
Potassium
Hydrogen
Phthalate (KHP)
C8H5O4K
White or
colorless solid
Sodium
Hydroxide
NaOH
Phenolphthalein
C20H14O4
White waxy
crystal solid,
clear liquid
Molecular
Weight
204.22
g/mol
Boiling
Point
Decomposes
at 300C
39.997
g/mol
1388C
Safety/Hazards
May cause eye,
skin, and
respiratory
irritation
Highly
corrosive,
causes chemical
burns,
exothermic
dissolution,
Suspected of
causing cancer,
slight irritation
of eyes and skin
White crystal
318.33
>450C
solid, clear
g/mol
liquid, turns
pink in basic
solutions
8. A sodium hydroxide solution is prepared. The sodium hydroxide solution is then
standardized by titrating it into a pure KHP standard solution. Three unknown samples
are weighed and placed into three separate flasks and dissolved in water. A couple of
drops of phenolphthalein are added, then the solution is titrated with standardized NaOH.
The % KHP in the unknown is calculated. A weighed sample of KHP is placed in a flask