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Microeconomics

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MICROECONOMICS

Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning "small") is a branch of economics that
studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation
of limited resources. This is in contrast to macroeconomics, which involves "the sum total of
economic activity, dealing with the issues ofgrowth, inflation, and unemployment and with
national economic policies relating to these issues".[2] Microeconomics also deals with the
effects of national economic policies (such as changing taxation levels) on the aforementioned
aspects of the economy. Particularly in the wake of the Lucas critique, much of modern
macroeconomic theory has been built upon 'microfoundations'i.e. based upon basic
assumptions about micro-level behavior.One goal of microeconomics is to analyze the market
mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services and allocate limited
resources among alternative uses. Microeconomics also analyzes market failure, where
markets fail to produce efficient results, and describes the theoretical conditions needed
for perfect competition.

MACROECONOMICS

Macroeconomics is a branch of the economics field that studies how the aggregate economy
behaves. In macroeconomics, a variety of economy-wide phenomena is thoroughly examined
such as, inflation, price levels, rate of growth, national income, gross domestic product and
changes in unemployment.

Ang mikroekonomiks o mikroekonomiya (Ingles: microeconomics, Kastila: microeconoma;


nagmula sa Griyegong -: "maliit" o "munti"; at /ikonomia/: "ekonomiya") ay
isang sangay ng ekonomiyang nagsasagawa ng pag-aaral kung paano nagpapasya ang mga
tahanan at mga kompanya upang magamit at itatalaga ang limitado o kakaunting mga
kagamitan o yaman,[1] sa paraang tipikal at karaniwan sa loob ng
mga merkado o pamilihan kung saan mabibili at maipagbibili ang mabubuting mga dala-dalahin
o mga serbisyo. Sinusuri ng mikroekonomiya ang kung paano naaapektuhan ng ganitong mga
desisyon at asal, ugali, o gawi, ang pampuno at pangangailangan (supply and demand sa
Ingles) para sa mga mabubuting dala-dalahin at mga serbisyo, na nagiging batayan ng mga
presyo o halaga; at kung paanong ang presyo naman ay nagiging batayan ng pampuno at
pangangailangan ng mabubuting mga dala-dalahin at mga serbisyo.

Ang makroekonomiks o makroekonomiya (Ingles: macroeconomics, Kastila: macroeconoma


; mula sa unlaping "macr(o)-" na may kahulugang "malaki" + "ekonomiya") ay isang sangay
ng ekonomiyang humaharap sa galaw o pagsasakatuparan, kayarian o istruktura, at asal o ugali
ng isang pambansa o rehiyonal naekonomiya o kabuhayan bilang isang kabuuan.[1] Kasama
ng mikroekonomiya o mikroekonomiks, isa rin ang makroekonomiya sa dalawang pinaka
panglahatang mga larangan sa ekonomiya. Ito ang pag-aaral ng gawi o asal at pagpapasya ng
kabuoan ng mga ekonomiya.

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