Microeconomics
Microeconomics
Microeconomics
Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning "small") is a branch of economics that
studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation
of limited resources. This is in contrast to macroeconomics, which involves "the sum total of
economic activity, dealing with the issues ofgrowth, inflation, and unemployment and with
national economic policies relating to these issues".[2] Microeconomics also deals with the
effects of national economic policies (such as changing taxation levels) on the aforementioned
aspects of the economy. Particularly in the wake of the Lucas critique, much of modern
macroeconomic theory has been built upon 'microfoundations'i.e. based upon basic
assumptions about micro-level behavior.One goal of microeconomics is to analyze the market
mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services and allocate limited
resources among alternative uses. Microeconomics also analyzes market failure, where
markets fail to produce efficient results, and describes the theoretical conditions needed
for perfect competition.
MACROECONOMICS
Macroeconomics is a branch of the economics field that studies how the aggregate economy
behaves. In macroeconomics, a variety of economy-wide phenomena is thoroughly examined
such as, inflation, price levels, rate of growth, national income, gross domestic product and
changes in unemployment.