www.civilbay.

com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

2.0 DESIGN CHARTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 WT BRACE ................................................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1.1 WT Brace Under Compression .......................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.1.1 WT Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case ....................................................................................................................3

2.1.1.2 WT Brace Compression X-Brace Case...........................................................................................................................32

2.1.2 WT Brace Under Tension ................................................................................................................................. 62

2.2 DOUBLE ANGLE BRACE ...................................................................................................................................... 73

2.2.1 Double Angle Brace Under Compression ........................................................................................................ 73

2.2.1.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace..........................................................................................................................................73

2.2.1.1.1 Double Angle Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case...........................................................................................75

2.2.1.1.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back.................................................................................................................................76

2.2.1.1.1.2 Unequal Angle Long Leg Back-to-Back ............................................................................................................98

2.2.1.1.2 Double Angle Brace Compression X-Brace Case .................................................................................................111

2.2.1.1.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back...............................................................................................................................112

2.2.1.1.2.2 Unequal Angle Long Leg Back-to-Back ..........................................................................................................132

2.2.1.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace ...................................................................................................................................145

2.2.1.2.1 Double Angle Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case.........................................................................................146

2.2.1.2.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back ............................................................................................................................147

2.2.1.2.2 Double Angle Brace Compression X-Brace Case ................................................................................................167

2.2.1.2.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back...............................................................................................................................168

2.2.2 Double Angle Brace Under Tension ............................................................................................................... 188

2.2.2.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace........................................................................................................................................188

2.2.2.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back ......................................................................................................................................190

2.2.2.1.2 Unequal Angle Long Leg Back-to-Back .................................................................................................................198

2.2.2.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace ...................................................................................................................................203

2.2.2.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back ......................................................................................................................................204

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 1 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Singly symmetric sections WT and double angle are widely used in steel structure as bracing members. STAAD Pros code
check ratio output of these singly symmetric members are useless due to the following limitations

1. Eccentric Moment Not Considered in STAAD for WT and Double Angle Code Check
STAAD output code check ratio is based on pure compression/tension case, which is not correct as there is an eccentric
moment applied due to brace connection. The correct code check shall consider the combination of axial tension
/compression+ flexure, which actually yields a much lower capacity. From the following design charts we can see the
brace actual tension/compression resistance under combined tension/compression + flexure can be only 35% of pure
tension/compression case.
2. Complexities on Applying Eccentric Moment to Brace Member in STAAD for Code Check
The eccentricity of brace force varies based on brace type (WT or double angle) and brace location (horizontal or
vertical). The eccentric moment also varies in direction based on tension or compression force, which causes the tee
stem in tension or compression and different flexural capacity. Considering the different load combinations causing
different tension/compression forces in brace, its impractical to apply eccentric moment manually in STAAD for code
check.
3. Complexities on Defining Correct Brace Member Local Axis, In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Unsupported Length
There are tremendous complexities to get a brace member correctly modeled/defined in STADD model for correct code
checking. For example, the double angle X-bracing, engineers shall define correct in-plane and out-of- plane Ly, Lz
value, check members local axis to make sure its correct in terms of ry, rz corresponding to previous defined Ly, Lz etc.
4. Code Checking on Class 4 Member Not Available in STAAD
STAAD does not design Class 4 section. Class 4 section is valid for use in steel structure. The engineers have to work
around this by defining lower yield strength in STAAD, section by section, to make it pass the code check. This is very
time consuming process.

To simplify the code checking of WT and double angle bracing member, design charts and tables are created based on CSA
S16-09 for quick member capacity lookup. These design charts and tables eliminate the complexities by sorting the charts
and tables in different criteria. By looking up the charts and tables in the desired category, the engineers will get the correct
brace design parameters (eccentricity and moment, in-plane and out-of-plane unsupported length, eccentric moment
direction) automatically and find the brace tension/compression capacity in seconds.
For X-bracing, correct in-plane and out-of-plane unsupported length is implemented in terms of brace location
(horizontal or vertical) and brace type (WT or double angle)
Correct eccentric moment is applied in terms of brace location (horizontal or vertical) and brace type (WT or double
angle)
The eccentric moment is applied at right direction in terms of brace location (horizontal or vertical) and brace type (WT
or double angle). This will cause the WT or double angles stem in the correct tension or compression case.
Class 4 member capacity is available. Class 4 member is designed using the effective area per CSA S16-09 clause
13.3.5 (a)

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 2 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.0 DESIGN CHARTS

2.1 WT BRACE

2.1.1 WT Brace Under Compression

2.1.1.1 WT Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption:

1. WT compression resistance capacity for two cases, with and without eccentric moment presence are presented.
2. The eccentric moment is calculated using gusset plate thickness =10mm. The eccentricity value is shown in each chart.
3. The capacity curve stops if next 0.5m increase of unsupported length causes KL/r ratio exceeding 200.
4. Assume WT unsupported length Lx = Ly =1.0L and Kx = Ky =1.0
5. WT brace design yield strength = 50 ksi =345 MPa
6. Section class is shown in each chart. For class 4 member, the effective area is used for calculation as per CSA S16-09
clause 13.3.5 (a)
7. WT flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9
8. Assume P- (small delta) is not performed in steel frame stability calculation. The U1 factor (CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.4 )
is calculated and applied for WT strength and stability check as per CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 3 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

WT100x11
350
Flange Class=1

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

300
Overall Class=3
250
rx = 30.9 mm
200 ry = 22.3 mm

e = 30.3 mm
150

100
With Ecc
Moment
50
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

WT100x11
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 148 327
1.5 130 270
2.0 110 205
2.5 92 155
3.0 75 117
3.5 63 90
4.0 53 72
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 4 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

WT100x13.5
450
Flange Class=2
400 Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

350 Overall Class=3

300
rx = 29.1 mm

250 ry = 31.2 mm

e = 26.3 mm
200

150

With Ecc
100
Moment

50
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

WT100x13.5
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 175 415
1.5 165 390
2.0 147 342
2.5 127 275
3.0 108 215
3.5 91 172
4.0 78 140
4.5 68 113
5.0 59 95
5.5 51 78
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 5 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.1.1.2 WT Brace Compression X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption

1. X-Bracing Out-of-Plane Unsupported Length

In X-bracing design where two braces are connected at midpoint, some engineers may consider the brace in tension
can be counted on to laterally brace the compression strut at midpoint against out-of-plane buckling. Reference is made
to AISC Engineering Journal 4th Quarter 1997 "Practical Application of Energy Methods to Structural Stability Problems"
by R. Shankar Nair. The out-of-plane stiffness of the intersection point of the braces must be calculated to determine if
the tension member can be taken as a brace for the compression member.
Since it is not practical to do such calculation for every X-bracing and the result may not be positive even the calculation
is done, we assume in X-bracing design the out-of-plane unsupported length is full length and the in-plane unsupported
length is half length.

WT Brace Intersect Point Connection

WT Vertical Brace WT Horizontal Brace

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 32 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

WT and Double Angle Brace Local Axis

For both horizontal and vertical case, used Lx = 1.0L , Ly =0.5L for all X-bracing compression capacity
calculation.

2. For all design charts in this section we assume the X-bracing member can take compression force.
For Tension Only X-bracing member design please refer to tension capacity charts.
3. WT compression resistance capacity for two cases, with and without eccentric moment presence are presented.
4. The eccentric moment is calculated using gusset plate thickness =10mm. The eccentricity value is shown in each chart.
5. The capacity curve stops if next 0.5m increase of unsupported length causes KL/r ratio exceeding 200.
6. Assume WT unsupported length Lx = 1.0L , Ly =0.5L and Kx = Ky =1.0
7. WT brace design yield strength = 50 ksi =345 MPa
8. Section class is shown in each chart. For class 4 member, the effective area is used for calculation as per CSA S16-09
clause 13.3.5 (a)
9. WT flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9
10. Assume P- (small delta) is not performed in steel frame stability calculation. The U1 factor (CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.4 )
is calculated and applied for WT strength and stability check as per CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.3
11. For all WT sections, only sections with rx > ry get higher capacity when Lx=1.0L and Ly=0.5L
These sections are

WT100x11
WT125x12.5 WT125x16.5 WT125x19.5 WT125x22.5
WT155x19.5 WT155x22.5 WT155x26

These sections are marked with * in the chart

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 33 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

*WT100x11
400
Flange Class=1
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

350 Stem Class=3

Overall Class=3
300

250 rx = 30.9 mm

ry = 22.3 mm
200 e = 30.3 mm

150

100 With Ecc

Moment

50
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

*WT100x11
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 152 350
1.5 145 345
2.0 130 300
2.5 113 245
3.0 97 195
3.5 83 158
4.0 72 128
4.5 62 105
5.0 54 88
5.5 47 74
6.0 42 63
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 34 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

WT100x13.5
450
Flange Class=2
400
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

Stem Class=3

350 Overall Class=3

300
rx = 29.1 mm

250 ry = 31.2 mm

e = 26.3 mm
200

150

With Ecc
100 Moment

50 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

WT100x13.5
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 175 415
1.5 165 390
2.0 147 342
2.5 127 275
3.0 108 215
3.5 91 172
4.0 78 140
4.5 68 113
5.0 59 95
5.5 51 78
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 35 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

WT100x18
700
Flange Class=2

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

600
Overall Class=3

500

rx = 25.4 mm
400 ry = 40.9 mm

e = 22.7 mm
300

200
With Ecc
Moment
100
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

WT100x18
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 225 600
1.5 200 520
2.0 170 408
2.5 143 310
3.0 120 240
3.5 101 186
4.0 86 148
4.5 73 119
5.0 63 98
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 37 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.1.2 WT Brace Under Tension

Design Basis & Assumption:

1. WT member capacity under tension + eccentric moment governs the design. Brace connection capacity, including the
effective net area caused by shear lag (CSA S16-09 clause 12.3.3.2), does not govern the design.
2. The eccentric moment is calculated using gusset plate thickness =10mm. The eccentricity value is shown in each chart.
3. WT maximum unsupported length is calculated as Lmax = min( rx , ry ) x 300 as per CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2
4. WT brace design yield strength = 50 ksi =345 MPa
5. WT flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9, tee stem in compression case.

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 62 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

Tr WT factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

WT100x11
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 126 kN Lmax = 6690 mm T1.0 = 444 kN T0.5 = 222 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 30.9 mm ry = 22.3 mm e= 30.3 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 1 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

WT100x13.5
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 147 kN Lmax = 8730 mm T1.0 = 528 kN T0.5 = 264 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 29.1 mm ry = 31.2 mm e= 26.3 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 2 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

WT100x15.5
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 167 kN Lmax = 8550 mm T1.0 = 621 kN T0.5 = 311 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 28.5 mm ry = 32.0 mm e= 26.1 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 1 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 63 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

Tr WT factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

WT100x18
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 180 kN Lmax = 7620 mm T1.0 = 711 kN T0.5 = 356 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 25.4 mm ry = 40.9 mm e= 22.7 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 2 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

WT100x21
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 205 kN Lmax = 7770 mm T1.0 = 826 kN T0.5 = 413 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 25.9 mm ry = 41.2 mm e= 23.8 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 1 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

WT100x23
WT Tension Capacity

Tr = 223 kN Lmax = 7410 mm T1.0 = 910 kN T0.5 = 455 kN

WT Section Properties

rx = 24.7 mm ry = 51.2 mm e= 22.0 mm

WT Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 64 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2 DOUBLE ANGLE BRACE

2.2.1 Double Angle Brace Under Compression

2.2.1.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Assume gusset plate thickness = 10mm
section radius of gyration ry is calculated based on double angle back-to-
back with 10mm gap
2. Assume the double angle brace is bolt connected and this will create eccentricity between bolt center line (force center
line) and sections X-X axis line. The eccentricity is calculated as the maximum of
e1 calculated assuming bolt center line is at center line of angle leg
e2 calculated assuming bolt center line is at AISC recommended gauge line of angle leg

In the following example the eccentricity is calculated as e = max(e1 , e2) = 32.4mm

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 73 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

3. The bolt gauge used for double angle connection is based on AISC Manual of Steel Construction 2nd Edition Figure 9-5
on Page 9-13

4. Double angle compression resistance capacity for two cases, with and without eccentric moment presence are
presented.
5. The capacity curve stops if next 0.5m increase of unsupported length causes KL/r ratio, including modified slenderness
ratio considering interconnection bolt at spacing = 1200 mm, exceeding 200.
6. Double angle brace design yield strength =300 MPa
7. Section class is shown in each chart. For class 4 member, the effective area is used for calculation as per CSA S16-09
clause 13.3.5 (a)
8. Double angle flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9, stem in compression case.
9. Assume double angle brace has interconnecting batten plate and 3/4" dia. bolt at spacing = 1200 mm
Modified slenderness ratio is used as per AISC 360-05 E6-1 to account for interconnection bolt at spacing = 1200 mm
10. Assume P- (small delta) is not performed in steel frame stability calculation. The U1 factor (CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.4 )
is calculated and applied for WT strength and stability check as per CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 74 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.1.1 Double Angle Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption

1. All Design Basis & Assumption on Section 2.2.1.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace apply to this section
2. Assume double angle unsupported length Lx = Ly =1.0L and Kx = Ky =1.0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 75 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.1.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
120
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

100
Overall Class=3

80
rx = 15.5 mm

ry = 25.3 mm
60
e = 14 mm

40

With Ecc
Moment
20
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 61 108
1.5 54 99
2.0 47 88
2.5 40 73
3.0 31 53
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 76 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
180
Flange Class=3
160 Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

140 Overall Class=3

120
rx = 15.1 mm

100 ry = 26 mm

e = 12.8 mm
80

60

With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 90 157
1.5 81 145
2.0 70 129
2.5 57 101
3.0 45 73
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 77 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
200
Flange Class=3
180
Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

160 Overall Class=3

140
rx = 19.5 mm
120
ry = 30.3 mm
100
e = 19.8 mm
80

60
With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 87 190
1.5 80 173
2.0 71 156
2.5 62 136
3.0 51 100
3.5 42 77
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 78 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.1.2 Double Angle Brace Compression X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Design charts in this section apply to vertical double angle X-bracing

2. All Design Basis & Assumption on Section 2.2.1.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace apply to this section
3. For vertical double angle X-bracing, use unsupported length Lx = 0.5L and Ly =1.0L , Kx = Ky =1.0

Vertical Double Angle X-Bracing

Double Angle Section Local Axis
Intersect Point Connection

4. For all equal leg double angle sections, rx < ry, all sections get higher capacity due to X-bracings unsupported length
Lx = 0.5L and Ly =1.0L
5. All sections getting higher capacity due to rx < ry are marked with * in the chart

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 111 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.1.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

*2L51x51x6.4ELBB
120
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

100
Overall Class=3

80
rx = 15.5 mm

ry = 25.3 mm
60
e = 14 mm

40

With Ecc
Moment
20
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

*2L51x51x6.4ELBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 63 107
1.5 59 99
2.0 54 88
2.5 49 78
3.0 44 67
3.5 39 58
4.0 35 50
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 112 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

*2L51x51x9.5ELBB
180
Flange Class=3
160 Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

140 Overall Class=3

120
rx = 15.1 mm

100 ry = 26 mm

e = 12.8 mm
80

60

With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

*2L51x51x9.5ELBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 93 157
1.5 88 145
2.0 80 130
2.5 73 113
3.0 65 99
3.5 59 86
4.0 53 74
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 113 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

*2L64x64x6.4ELBB
200
Flange Class=3
180
Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

160 Overall Class=3

140
rx = 19.5 mm
120
ry = 30.3 mm
100
e = 19.8 mm
80

60
With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

*2L64x64x6.4ELBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 89 190
1.5 84 173
2.0 79 156
2.5 74 137
3.0 67 120
3.5 61 105
4.0 55 90
4.5 50 78
5.0 45 68
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0
9.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 114 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.1.2.2 Unequal Angle Long Leg Back-to-Back

2L76x51x6.4LLBB
160
Flange Class=3

140 Stem Class=4

Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

Overall Class=4
120

100 rx = 24.3 mm
ry = 22.8 mm
80
e = 18.8 mm

60

40 With Ecc
Moment

20
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L76x51x6.4LLBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 92 150
1.5 83 132
2.0 75 115
2.5 68 96
3.0 59 82
3.5 52 68
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 132 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L76x51x9.5LLBB
250
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

200 Overall Class=3

rx = 23.9 mm
150
ry = 23.5 mm

e = 17.6 mm

100

With Ecc
50 Moment

Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L76x51x9.5LLBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 140 225
1.5 130 200
2.0 117 175
2.5 106 148
3.0 92 125
3.5 81 106
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 133 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L89x64x6.4LLBB
250
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=4
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

200 Overall Class=4

rx = 28.4 mm
150
ry = 27.8 mm

e = 22.7 mm
100

With Ecc
50 Moment

Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L89x64x6.4LLBB
X-Brace Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
L (m) kN kN
1.0 106 224
1.5 100 199
2.0 92 175
2.5 85 150
3.0 76 129
3.5 69 110
4.0 62 93
4.5 55 80
5.0 49 68
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 134 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Double angle section radius of gyration ry is calculated based on double angle back-to-back with 0mm gap
2. The eccentric moment is calculated using gusset plate thickness =10mm. The eccentricity value is shown in each chart.
3. Double angle compression resistance capacity for two cases, with and without eccentric moment presence are
presented.
4. The capacity curve stops if next 0.5m increase of unsupported length causes KL/r ratio, including modified slenderness
ratio considering interconnection bolt at spacing = 1200 mm, exceeding 200.
5. Double angle brace design yield strength =300 MPa
6. Section class is shown in each chart. For class 4 member, the effective area is used for calculation as per CSA S16-09
clause 13.3.5 (a)
7. Double angle flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9, stem in tension case.
8. Assume double angle brace has interconnecting 3/4" dia. bolt at spacing = 1200 mm . Modified slenderness ratio as per
AISC 360-05 E6-1 is used to account for interconnection bolt at spacing = 1200 mm .
9. Assume P- (small delta) is not performed in steel frame stability calculation. The U1 factor (CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.4 )
is calculated and applied for WT strength and stability check as per CSA S16-09 clause 13.8.3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 145 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.2.1 Double Angle Brace Compression Non X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption

1. All Design Basis & Assumption on Section 2.2.1.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace apply to this section
2. Assume double angle unsupported length Lx = Ly =1.0L and Kx = Ky =1.0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 146 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.2.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
120
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

100
Overall Class=3

80
rx = 15.5 mm

ry = 21.6 mm
60
e = 20 mm

40

With Ecc
Moment
20
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 62 104
1.5 55 93
2.0 47 80
2.5 40 69
3.0 32 53
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 147 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
180
Flange Class=3
160 Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

140 Overall Class=3

120
rx = 15.1 mm

100 ry = 22.1 mm

e = 21.2 mm
80

60

With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 88 153
1.5 77 134
2.0 66 117
2.5 56 101
3.0 44 73
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 148 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
200
Flange Class=3
180
Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

160 Overall Class=3

140
rx = 19.5 mm
120
ry = 26.7 mm
100
e = 23.2 mm
80

60
With Ecc
40 Moment

20 Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Unsupported Length Lu (m)

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
Lu Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
m kN kN
1.0 100 186
1.5 90 168
2.0 79 146
2.5 68 127
3.0 57 100
3.5 47 77
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 149 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.2.2 Double Angle Brace Compression X-Brace Case

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Design charts in this section apply to horizontal double angle X-bracing

2. All Design Basis & Assumption on Section 2.2.1.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace apply to this section
3. For horizontal double angle X-bracing, use unsupported length Lx = 1.0L and Ly =0.5L , Kx = Ky =1.0

Horizontal Double Angle X-Bracing

Double Angle Section Local Axis
Intersect Point Connection

4. For all equal leg double angle sections, rx < ry, none of the equal leg angle section gets higher capacity due to X-
bracings unsupported length Lx = 1.0L and Ly =0.5L

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 167 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.1.2.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
120
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

100
Overall Class=3

80
rx = 15.5 mm
ry = 21.6 mm
60
e = 20 mm

40

With Ecc
Moment
20

Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
X-Bracing Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 65 113
1.5 60 110
2.0 53 106
2.5 41 73
3.0 32 53
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 168 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
180
Flange Class=3
160 Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

140 Overall Class=3

120
rx = 15.1 mm

100 ry = 22.1 mm

e = 21.2 mm
80

60

40 With Ecc
Moment

20
Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
X-Bracing Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 90 162
1.5 83 160
2.0 73 148
2.5 56 101
3.0 44 73
3.5 0 0
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 169 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
250
Flange Class=3

Stem Class=3
Factored Compression Resistance Cr (kN)

200 Overall Class=3

rx = 19.5 mm
150
ry = 26.7 mm

e = 23.2 mm
100

With Ecc
50 Moment

Without
Ecc
0 Moment
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X-Bracing Diagonal Full Length L (m)

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
X-Bracing Cr - ECC Cr - No ECC
Diagonal Full
Length L (m) kN kN
1.0 103 195
1.5 95 190
2.0 88 185
2.5 70 135
3.0 57 100
3.5 47 77
4.0 0 0
4.5 0 0
5.0 0 0
5.5 0 0
6.0 0 0
6.5 0 0
7.0 0 0
7.5 0 0
8.0 0 0
8.5 0 0

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 170 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.2 Double Angle Brace Under Tension

2.2.2.1 Vertical Double Angle Brace

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Assume gusset plate thickness = 10mm
section radius of gyration ry is calculated based on double angle back-to-
back with 10mm gap
2. Assume the double angle brace is bolt connected and this will create eccentricity between bolt center line (force center
line) and sections X-X axis line. The eccentricity is calculated as the maximum of
e1 calculated assuming bolt center line is at center line of angle leg
e2 calculated assuming bolt center line is at AISC recommended gauge line of angle leg

In the following example the eccentricity is calculated as e = max(e1 , e2) = 32.4mm

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 188 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

3. The bolt gauge used for double angle connection is based on AISC Manual of Steel Construction 2nd Edition Figure 9-5
on Page 9-13

4. Double angle brace design yield strength =300 MPa

5. Section class is shown in each chart. For class 4 member, the effective area is used for calculation as per CSA S16-09
clause 13.3.5 (a)
6. Double angle flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9, stem in tension case.
6. Double angle member capacity under tension + eccentric moment governs the design. Brace connection capacity,
including the effective net area caused by shear lag (CSA S16-09 clause 12.3.3.2), does not govern the design.
7. Double angle maximum unsupported length is calculated as Lmax = min( rx , ry ) x 300 as per CSA S16-09 clause
10.4.2.2

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 189 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.2.1.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 140 kN Lmax = 4650 mm T1.0 = 327 kN T0.5 = 163 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 15.5 mm ry = 25.3 mm e= 14.0 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 210 kN Lmax = 4530 mm T1.0 = 473 kN T0.5 = 236 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 15.1 mm ry = 26.0 mm e= 12.8 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 190 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 165 kN Lmax = 5850 mm T1.0 = 413 kN T0.5 = 207 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.5 mm ry = 30.3 mm e= 19.8 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L64x64x7.9ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 208 kN Lmax = 5790 mm T1.0 = 510 kN T0.5 = 255 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.3 mm ry = 30.7 mm e= 19.2 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L64x64x9.5ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 250 kN Lmax = 5730 mm T1.0 = 605 kN T0.5 = 302 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.1 mm ry = 31.0 mm e= 18.6 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 191 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.2.1.2 Unequal Angle Long Leg Back-to-Back

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L76x51x6.4LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 196 kN Lmax = 6840 mm T1.0 = 413 kN T0.5 = 207 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 24.3 mm ry = 22.8 mm e= 18.8 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 4 Overall = 4

2L76x51x9.5LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 306 kN Lmax = 7050 mm T1.0 = 605 kN T0.5 = 302 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 23.9 mm ry = 23.5 mm e= 17.6 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L89x64x6.4LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 195 kN Lmax = 8340 mm T1.0 = 500 kN T0.5 = 250 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 28.4 mm ry = 27.8 mm e= 22.7 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 4 Overall = 4

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 198 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L89x64x9.5LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 360 kN Lmax = 8400 mm T1.0 = 734 kN T0.5 = 367 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 28.0 mm ry = 28.4 mm e= 21.5 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L102x76x6.4LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 165 kN Lmax = 9810 mm T1.0 = 589 kN T0.5 = 294 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 32.7 mm ry = 32.8 mm e= 32.4 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 4 Stem= 4 Overall = 4

2L102x76x7.9LLBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 275 kN Lmax = 9720 mm T1.0 = 729 kN T0.5 = 365 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 32.4 mm ry = 33.1 mm e= 31.9 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 4 Overall = 4

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 199 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.2.2 Horizontal Double Angle Brace

Design Basis & Assumption

1. Double angle member capacity under tension + eccentric moment governs the design. Brace connection capacity,
including the effective net area caused by shear lag (CSA S16-09 clause 12.3.3.2), does not govern the design.
2. The eccentric moment is calculated using gusset plate thickness =10mm. The eccentricity value is shown in each chart.
3. Double angle maximum unsupported length is calculated as Lmax = min( rx , ry ) x 300 as per CSA S16-09 clause
10.4.2.2
4. Double angle brace design yield strength = 300 MPa
5. Double angle flexural capacity is calculated based on AISC 360-05 section F9, tee stem in compression case.

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 203 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

2.2.2.2.1 Equal Angle Back-to-Back

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L51x51x6.4ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 81 kN Lmax = 4650 mm T1.0 = 327 kN T0.5 = 163 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 15.5 mm ry = 21.6 mm e= 20.0 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L51x51x9.5ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 111 kN Lmax = 4530 mm T1.0 = 473 kN T0.5 = 236 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 15.1 mm ry = 22.1 mm e= 21.2 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 204 of 211

 www.civilbay.com
Brace Compression and Tension Capacity Design Charts As Per CSA S16-09 Dongxiao Wu P. Eng.

Tr Double angle factored tension resistance capacity considering eccentric moment, CSA S16-09 clause 13.9
T1.0 100% of ( Ag Fy) CSA S16-09 clause 13.2 (a) (i)
T0.5 50% of ( Ag Fy) , this is normally the value used for connection design for connections without specified design force
Lmax Maximum allowed brace unsupported length, CSA S16-09 clause 10.4.2.2

2L64x64x6.4ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 110 kN Lmax = 5850 mm T1.0 = 413 kN T0.5 = 207 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.5 mm ry = 26.7 mm e= 23.2 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L64x64x7.9ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 131 kN Lmax = 5790 mm T1.0 = 510 kN T0.5 = 255 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.3 mm ry = 27.0 mm e= 23.8 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2L64x64x9.5ELBB
Double Angle Tension Capacity

Tr = 150 kN Lmax = 5730 mm T1.0 = 605 kN T0.5 = 302 kN

Double Angle Section Properties

rx = 19.1 mm ry = 27.2 mm e= 24.4 mm

Double Angle Section Class

FLG= 3 Stem= 3 Overall = 3

2011-03-08 Rev 1.5 Page 205 of 211