UNIT 7 SUMMARY - CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTION

SS8H6a Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, Debate
Debate over
over Secession
Secession and
and the
the role
role of
of Alexander
Alexander Stephens
Stephens
states rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, South st
South Carolina
Carolina became
became the
the 11st state
state to
to secede
secede fromfrom the
the Union.
Union. Georgia
Georgia
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and the role held
held a convention to debate whether they
a convention to debate whether they should
should secede
secede asas well.
well. Georgia
Georgia
of Alexander Stephens. US
US Representative
Representative Alexander
Alexander Stephens
Stephens was
was pro-slavery
pro-slavery likelike other
other politicians
politicians
in
in the
the state,
state, but
but he
he was
was against
against secession.
secession. He He tried
tried to
to warn
warn that
that seceding
seceding
STATES
STATES RIGHTS
RIGHTS and
and SLAVERY:
SLAVERY: The The economy
economy of of southern
southern states
states depended
depended on on agriculture
agriculture against
against the
the Union
Union States
States was
was disloyal
disloyal to
to the
the US
US Constitution
Constitution and and that
that the
the
and
and the
the growing
growing of
of cotton
cotton and
and tobacco.
tobacco. Slave
Slave labor
labor was
was used
used toto earn
earn large
large profits
profits for
for plantation
plantation South
South risked
risked losing
losing states
states rights
rights and
and slavery
slavery ifif they
they were
were toto lose
lose in
in war.
war.
owners.
owners. Whites
Whites with
with land
land and
and slaves
slaves often
often controlled
controlled the
the rules
rules and
and laws
laws of
of aa state
state and
and had
had an
an
interest
interest in
in keeping
keeping slavery
slavery legal
legal in
in the
the south,
south, despite
despite others
others knowing
knowing slavery
slavery was
was immoral.
immoral. Slave
Slave
states
states argued
argued that
that individual
individual states
states should
should have
have the
the power
power to to determine
determine what
what laws
laws to
to obey
obey and
and
many
many wealthy
wealthy southerners
southerners feared
feared that
that federal
federal (national)
(national) laws
laws would
would abolish
abolish slavery.
slavery.

In
In 1820,
1820, there
there were
were 1111 free
free In
In 1832,
1832, South
South Carolina
Carolina
states
states inin the
the north
north and
and 1111 slave
slave 1820 nullified
nullified (or
(or refused
refused to to accept)
accept) aa
states
states inin the
the south.
south. Territories
Territories federal
federal tariff
tariff or
or tax
tax onon British
British
applying
applying forfor statehood
statehood had
had to to Missouri imported
imported goodsgoods because
because itit was
was
decide
decide ifif they
they were
were to
to be
be aa free
free or
or Compromise unfair
unfair toto southern
southern consumers
consumers
slave
slave state.
state. Missouri
Missouri wanted
wanted to to while
while itit benefitted
benefitted northern
northern
become
become aa slaveslave state,
state, but
but that
that factories.
factories. The The US US began
began to to
would
would make
make representation
representation in in US
US enforce
enforce the the tariff
tariff causing
causing South
South
government
government unbalanced,
unbalanced, so so the
the Carolina
Carolina to to threaten
threaten to to secede
secede
US
US admit
admit tedted Maine
Maine as
as aa free
free
1832 from
from the
the Union.
Union. To To avoid
avoid this
this
state.
state. Territories
Territories above
above the
the 3636 Nullification conflict,
conflict, the
the USUS government
government
line
line of
of latitude
latitude would
would become
become free free Crisis backed
backed off off and
and lowered
lowered thethe tariff.
tariff.
states.
states.

In
In 1850,
1850, California
California was was In
In 1854,
1854, Kansas
Kansas and and
admitted
admitted as as aa free
free state,
state, and
and Compromise Nebraska
Nebraska werewere territories
territories
Texas
Texas asas aa slave
slave state.
state. Slavery
Slavery of applying
applying for
for statehood.
statehood. Ignoring
Ignoring
became
became illegal
illegal in
in Washington
Washington DC, DC, the
the Missouri
Missouri Compromise
Compromise 36 36
1850 degree
and
and the
the southern
southern statesstates degree latitude
latitude policy
policy the
the US
US
demanded
demanded that that runaway
runaway slaves
slaves government
government allowed
allowed citizens
citizens inin SS8H6b State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Emancipation
be
be captured
captured and and returned
returned back
back toto these
these territories
territories thethe opportunity
opportunity Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgias coast, Shermans Atlanta
their
their owners
owners in in the
the south.
south. This
This to
to vote
vote on
on whether
whether slavery
slavery would
would INTERPRETS
MAKES
Campaign, Shermans March to the Sea, and Andersonville.
was
was known
known as as the
the Fugitive
Fugitive Slave
Slave be
be legal
legal or
or illegal.
illegal. This
This was
was LAWS
LAWS
Act.
Act. Northerners
Northerners who who wanted
wanted to to
1854 known
known asas popular
popular sovereignty.
sovereignty.
Kansas- After Union
Union Blockade
Blockade
abolish
abolish slavery
slavery were
were upset
upset that
that After bloody
bloody conflicts
conflicts between
between
pro-slavery After
After South
South
they
they could
could gogo to
to jail
jail or
or fined
fined for
for Nebraska Act pro-slavery andand abolitionists,
abolitionists, st
Kansas Carolina
Carolina fired
fired the
the 11st
helping
helping slaves
slaves escape.
escape. Kansas became
became aa freefree state.
state.
shot of the Civil
shot of the Civil War War
at
at Fort
Fort Sumter,
Sumter,
President
President Lincoln
Lincoln
In
In 1857,
1857, the the United
United States
States In
In 1860,
1860, Abraham
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln waswas ordered
ordered aa Union
Union
Supreme
Supreme Court Court made
made its its decision elected
elected President
President from
from the Naval
Naval blockade
blockade of
decision 1857 the
southern
of
on
on the
the Dred
Dred Scott
Scott case.
case. DredDred Republican
Republican Party.
Party. Lincoln
Lincoln waswas southern ports.
ports. This
This
Scott
Scott was
was aa slave
slave who
who sued
sued for
for
Dred Scott an
an abolitionist
abolitionist and
and southern
southern cut
cut off
off trade
trade inin the
the
his
his freedom
freedom b/c b/c his
his master
master took
took Case slave
slave states
states feared
feared thatthat his
his South
South andand hurt
hurt the
the
him
him toto aa free
free state.
state. The
The court
court power
power as as president
president could
could economy
economy whilewhile also
also
ruled
ruled that
that since
since Dred
Dred Scott
Scott was
was aa eventually
eventually outlaw
outlaw thethe institution
institution weakening
weakening the the
slave
slave hehe was
was not
not aa citizen,
citizen, of
of slavery,
slavery, aa threat
threat to to their
their Confederate
Confederate Army Army byby
therefore,
therefore, he he had
had no
no rights
rights and
and economic
economic success.
success. Shortly
Shortly after
after reducing
reducing thethe amount
amount
could
could notnot sue.
sue. Also,
Also, since
since slaves
slaves Election his
his election,
election, southern
southern statesstates held
held of
of supplies
supplies they
they
were
were considered
considered property,
property, his conventions
conventions to to discuss
discuss whether
whether received.
received.
his of or Southerners
Southerners became
master
master could
could take
take him
him anywhere.
anywhere. or not
not they
they should
should leave
leave or or became
This
This was
was aa defeat
defeat for
for 1860 secede
secede from
from the
the Union.
Union. poor
poor as
as aa result.
result.
abolitionists.
abolitionists.
 UNIT 7 SUMMARY - CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTION
SS8H6c Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing
BATTLE
BATTLE OF
OF ANTIETAM
ANTIETAM EMANCIPATION
EMANCIPATION BATTLE
BATTLE OF OF Freedmens Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th
In
In 1862,
1862, Confederate
Confederate Gen.
Gen. PROCLAMATION
PROCLAMATION GETTYSBURG
GETTYSBURG amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.
Robert
Robert E. E. Lee
Lee tried
tried to
to After
After the
the battle
battle of
of In
In 1863,
1863, Robert
Robert E E Lee
Lee once
once
invade Antietam
Antietam President
President Lincoln again
again tried
tried to
to bring
bring war
war onto
onto
invade thethe north
north to
to capture
capture Lincoln
northern FREEDMENS
FREEDMENS SHARECROPPING
SHARECROPPING and and TENANT
TENANT FARMING:
FARMING: After After the
the Civil
Civil War
War
the tried
tried to
to get
get the
the South
South to northern soil
soil in
in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
the capital-
capital- Washington
Washington to in BUREAU
BUREAU plantation
plantation owners
owners needed
needed labor
labor and
and freed
freed blacks
blacks needed
needed jobs.
jobs. Since
Since
surrender in an
an attempt
attempt to to capture
capture thethe
D.C.
D.C. surrender andand rejoin
rejoin the
the capital. Government
Government itit was
was illegal
illegal for
for slaves
slaves toto be
be educated
educated or or receive
receive money
money manymany freed
freed
Union. capital. The
The battle
battle lasted
lasted
Union
Union Army
Army forced
forced the
the Union. The The South
South did
did not
not three
three days
days and
and waswas the
the
organization
organization created
created blacks
blacks were
were forced
forced into
into borrowing
borrowing moneymoney (credit)
(credit) from
from white
white plantation
plantation
Confederates
Confederates back back into
into surrender
surrender so so he
he freed
freed all
all bloodiest
bloodiest battle
battle ofof the
the war
war
to
to provide
provide food,
food, owners
owners to to pay
pay for
for aa place
place to
to live,
live, food,
food, medicine,
medicine, tools,
tools, seed,
seed, and
and
Virginia, slaves
slaves inin the
the Confederacy. clothing,
clothing, education,
education, fertilizer.
fertilizer. Freed
Freed blacks
blacks would
would receive
receive aa share
share ofof the
the profits
profits or
or crops
Virginia, which
which isis why
why this
this Confederacy. (51,112
(51,112 casualties).
casualties). The The crops
The and
and job
job contracts
contracts for
for that
that they
they worked
worked from
from the
the planters
planters land.
land. The
The money
money earned
earned could
could not
battle
battle isis aa Union
Union victory.
victory. The Civil
Civil War
War was
was officially
officially Confederacy
Confederacy lost lost again
again and
and
freed
not
about this
this became
became the the turning
turning point freed blacks
blacks and
and pay
pay down
down the the debt
debt they
they owed
owed to to the
the planter,
planter, thus
thus aa cycle
cycle of
of poverty
poverty
This
This oneone day
day battle
battle was
was the
the about secession
secession and
and slavery.
slavery. point
poor
The in
in the
the war
war as
as thethe Union
Union gained poor whites
whites after
after continued.
continued. Laws Laws were
were passed
passed to to keep
keep blacks
blacks working
working on on the
the planters
planters
single
single bloodiest
bloodiest dayday in
in The South
South lost
lost the
the support
support of
of gained
slavery
slavery was property
other momentum
momentum and and began
began to to was property until
until all
all debts
debts were
were paid.
paid.
American
American history
history with
with other countries
countries b/c
b/c they
they weaken abolished.
abolished.
refused weaken the the southern
southern army.army.
26,134
26,134 casualties.
casualties. refused toto stop
stop slavery.
slavery.
TH TH TH
13
13TH AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT 14
14TH AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT 15
15TH AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT
In
In 1865,
1865, slavery
slavery is
is Ratified
Ratified in
in 1868,
1868, citizenship
citizenship is is Ratified
Ratified inin 1870,
1870, the
the United
United
officially
officially abolished
abolished granted
granted toto people
people born
born in
in the
the States
States cannot
cannot deny
deny aa citizen
citizen the
the
and United
United States,
States, guaranteeing
guaranteeing right
right to
to vote
vote based
based on
on race,
race,
and illegal.
illegal. freedoms
freedoms and and rights
rights found
found inin the
the color,
color, or
or previous
previous condition
condition ofof
United
United States
States Constitution.
Constitution. servitude.
servitude.

PRESIDENTIAL
PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION:
RECONSTRUCTION: CONGRESSIONAL
CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION
After
After the
the South
South surrendered
surrendered during
during the
the Civil
Civil Radical
Radical Republicans
Republicans who who controlled
controlled the the US
US
War
War Abraham
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln and
and later
later Andrew
Andrew Congress
Congress wanted
wanted toto make
make sure sure thethe South
South
Johnson
Johnson wanted
wanted to to quickly
quickly readmit
readmit thethe provided
provided freedoms
freedoms to to all
all of
of its
its citizens,
citizens, notnot
Confederate
Confederate states
states back
back into
into the
the Union.
Union. First,
First, just
just the
the wealthy
wealthy whites.
whites. To To dodo this,
this, the
the South
South
th th
states
states hadhad to
to abolish
abolish slavery
slavery byby ratifying
ratifying the
the had
had toto ratify
ratify the
the 13
13 ,, 14h,
th
14h, andand 15 15 th
th
13
13th Amendment.
Amendment. Secondly,
Secondly, 10%10% ofof the
the amendments
amendments in in order
order to to rejoin
rejoin thethe United
United
population
population hadhad toto take
take anan oath
oath ofof allegiance
allegiance to to States.
States. TheThe USUS military
military temporarily
temporarily governed
governed
the
the United
United States.
States. This
This plan
plan was
was not
not very
very the
the southern
southern states,
states, while
while former
former Confederate
Confederate
strict
strict and
and did
did not
not punish
punish the
the rebellious
rebellious officers
officers were
were denied
denied political
political power.
power. The The US
US
governments,
governments, which which caused
caused Congress
Congress to to provided
provided financial
financial aid
aid to to rebuild
rebuild cities,
cities,
come
come up up with
with their
their own
own Reconstruction
Reconstruction plan.plan. schools,
schools, and
and railroad
railroad to to improve
improve the the South.
South.
ANDERSONVILLE
ANDERSONVILLE PRISON
PRISON ATLANTA
ATLANTA CAMPAIGN:
CAMPAIGN: In In 1864,
1864, Union
Union Gen.Gen. William
William T.
T.
45,000
45,000 captured
captured Union
Union soldiers
soldiers Sherman
Sherman invaded
invaded Georgia
Georgia fromfrom Chattanooga
Chattanooga and and
were
were imprisoned
imprisoned inin Andersonville
Andersonville successfully
successfully pushed
pushed toward
toward Atlanta
Atlanta by
by flanking
flanking thethe enemy
enemy
during
during the
the war.
war. 13,000
13,000 died
died of
of from
from one
one battle
battle after
after another
another in in Northwest
Northwest Georgia.
Georgia. InIn
starvation,
starvation, exposure
exposure toto cold,
cold, and
and Paulding
Paulding County
County the
the battles
battles ofof Dallas,
Dallas, New
New Hope,Hope, and
and
disease. Picketts
Picketts Mill
Mill are
are all
all part
part of
of the
the Atlanta
Atlanta Campaign.
Campaign. Gen. Gen.
disease. Sherman
Sherman wanted
wanted to to capture
capture Atlanta
Atlanta b/c
b/c itit was
was aa very
very
important
important railroad
railroad hub
hub for
for the
the Confederacy
Confederacy supplying
supplying
much
much of
of their
their needed
needed supplies.
supplies. In In 1864,
1864, Atlanta
Atlanta was
was
BATTLE
BATTLE OF
OF CHICKAMAUGA
CHICKAMAUGA HENRY
burned
burned and
and destroyed,
destroyed, which
which helped
helped end
end the the Civil
Civil War
War HENRY McNEAL
McNEAL TURNER
TURNER KU
KU KLUX
KLUX KLAN
KLAN
In
In 1863,
1863, Confederate
Confederate forces
forces sooner. African-American
African-American who who was
was A
A terror
terror group
group created
created byby former
former Confederate
Confederate soldiers
soldiers
sooner.
were
were able
able to
to defeat
defeat and
and push
push the
the very
very influential
influential as
as aa religious
religious that
that used
used violence
violence and
and intimidation
intimidation tactics
tactics to
to
Union
Union Army
Army back
back into
into SHERMANS
SHERMANS MARCH MARCH TO TO THE
THE SEA:
SEA: After
After capturing leader
leader and
and Georgia
Georgia politician.
politician. disenfranchise
capturing
Turner
disenfranchise blacks
blacks (denying
(denying the
the right
right to
to vote
vote and
and other
other
Tennessee.
Tennessee. ThisThis was
was the
the Atlanta,
Atlanta, Gen.
Gen. Sherman
Sherman wagedwaged total
total war
war against
against the
the Turner and
and 2626 other
other black
black freedoms). The Klan was successful in getting southern
legislators freedoms). The Klan was successful in getting southern
bloodiest
bloodiest battle
battle on
on GA
GA soil
soil and
and South
South by
by destroying
destroying crops,
crops, and
and burning
burning some
some homes
homes and
and legislators were
were denied
denied
acceptance white
white Democrats
Democrats elected,
elected, albeit
albeit illegally
illegally and
and through
through
the nd businesses
businesses that
that supported
supported thethe Confederacy.
Confederacy. His His troops
troops acceptance by by the
the majority
majority white
white
the 22nd bloodiest
bloodiest of
of the
the War.
War. marched General
General Assembly.
Assembly. After
After protest corruption
corruption and
and violence.
violence. The
The KKK
KKK harassed,
harassed, harmed,
harmed, and
and
Union marched from
from Atlanta
Atlanta toto Savannah
Savannah andand up
up to
to North
North protest
Union forces
forces regrouped
regrouped andand took
took Carolina and
and US
US support
support the
the legislators killed
killed many
many blacks,
blacks, Jews,
Jews, Catholics,
Catholics, carpetbaggers
carpetbaggers
Carolina living
living off
off the
the land
land and
and freeing
freeing slaves
slaves along
along the
the legislators
over
over Georgia
Georgia the
the next
next spring
spring way. were
were able
able to
to participate
participate in
in the (northern
(northern whites
whites rebuilding
rebuilding the
the South),
South), andand scalawags
scalawags
way. Confederate
Confederate soldiers
soldiers quit
quit and
and returned
returned to
to home.
home. the
during
during the
the Atlanta
Atlanta Campaign.
Campaign. second
second legislative
legislative session.
session. (southern
(southern whites who supported the Radical Republicans).
whites who supported the Radical Republicans).