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Chapter04 PHP Operators

Here are the numerical values of the given mathematical expressions when evaluated by PHP: a) 5 + 3 = 8 b) 6 - 2 = 4 c) 4 * 3 = 12 d) 8 / 2 = 4 e) 7 % 3 = 1 (Remainder when 7 is divided by 3 is 1) 2. Write the PHP code to evaluate each of the following mathematical expressions: a) $x = 5 + 3; b) $y = 6 - 2; c) $z = 4 * 3; d) $w = 8 / 2; e) $r = 7 % 3; 3.

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263 views

Chapter04 PHP Operators

Here are the numerical values of the given mathematical expressions when evaluated by PHP: a) 5 + 3 = 8 b) 6 - 2 = 4 c) 4 * 3 = 12 d) 8 / 2 = 4 e) 7 % 3 = 1 (Remainder when 7 is divided by 3 is 1) 2. Write the PHP code to evaluate each of the following mathematical expressions: a) $x = 5 + 3; b) $y = 6 - 2; c) $z = 4 * 3; d) $w = 8 / 2; e) $r = 7 % 3; 3.

Uploaded by

Khirulnizam Abd Rahman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: PHP Operators

operators

Objectives:
1. To introduce and use the PHP operators.
2. The categories of PHP operators are assignment, arithmetic, logical and
comparison operators.
3. Assigning variables.
4. Operations on numbers using arithmetic operators.
5. Comparing values.
6. Combining statements using Boolean logical operators.

Assignment Operators.

- Assign means to give value to a variable to be stored.


- The symbol is “=”.
- Equal to “= =” is different from assign “=”, so don’t get confused!!

Assignment Meaning Example


Operators

Simple assignments
Var=expr Assign the value of $nom=3; (value 3 is assign the variable
expression into the variable. nom)

$a=50;
$b=$a; ($b receives the value of $a,
which is 30)

$hasil=($nom*3)+10; (value
produced on the right expression will be
assigned to variable hasil)

Var*=expr Multiplication assignment. $nom*=3;


(similar as $nom=$nom*3;)
Var/=expr Division assignment. $nom1/=$nom2;
(similar as $nom1=$nom1/$nom2;)
Var%=expr Modulus assignment. $num%=2;
(similar as $num=$num%2;)
Var+=expr Addition assignment. jum+=var1;
(similar as $jum=$jum+$var1;)
Var -=expr Subtraction assignment. $jum-=$var1;
(similar as $jum=$jum-$var1;)

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:1
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Arithmetic Operators.

These operators are used in the calculation of numerical values.


Operator Operation Example
Mathematical PHP expression
expression
+ Addition num1 + 3 $num1 + 3

- Subtraction pi - y $pi - $y

* Multiplication width x height $width * $height

/ Division a/b or a ÷ b $a/$b

% Modulus nom modulo 3 $nom%3

Operators order of evaluation (precedence)


Operators Order of evaluation

() First

*, /, % Second

+, - Last

Example of mathematical expressions transform into PHP expressions.


Mathematical expression PHP expression

average = a + b + c + d average = (a + b + c + d) / 4;
4

volumeSphere=4/3 x 3.142 x radius3 volumeSphere=(4/3)*3.142 * radius *


radius*radius;

Fahrenheit = (Celcius x 9/5) +32 Fahrenheit = (Celcius *( 9/5)) +32;

volumeCylinder=3.142 x radius2 x volumeCylinder=3.142 * radius * radius *


height height;

parameterCircle = 2 x 3.142 x radius parameterCircle = 2.0 * 3.142 * radius;

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:2
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

EXAMPLES for Arithmetic Operations

Example 1: Add 2 numbers

You’re to develop a simple web application to receive two numbers from the user. The
numbers is entered through a HTML form, sent to the server, and another file will receive
the number, add both of them and display the result of the operation.

Step 1. Create a HTML page with a form to receive two numbers, and a submit
button. Name it formadd2numbers.php.

<html>
<head>
<title>Add two numbers</title>
</head>
<body>
Enter two numbers<br>
<form method="GET" name="formNew" action="add2numbers.php">
Number 1 <input type="text" name="num1"><br>
Number 2 <input type="text" name="num2"><br>
<input type="submit" name="btnAdd" value="Add numbers">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Step 2. View the page in the browser. Key in any number. Don’t click the button
yet. Go to Step 3, finish the Step 3 and then you can hit the button.

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:3
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Step 3. Create a new page, write the code below, and save as
add2numbers.php .
<html>
<head>
<title>Add 2 numbers </title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$n1=$_GET["num1"]; //retrieve the first number
$n2=$_GET["num2"]; //retrieve the second number
$hasil=$n1+$n2; // here is the operation
echo " $n1 + $n2 = $hasil"; //display all the values
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:4
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Example 2: Currency converter

Convert a currency value from RM into USD. Given RM1 is equivalent to USD3.40.

Step 1. Create a HTML page with a form to receive a value in Malaysian ringgit,
and a submit button. Name it formRMUSDConverter.php. Use the code
below.

<html>
<head>
<title>RM to USD converter</title>
</head>

<body>
RM to USD converter<br>
<form name="formconvert" action="rmusdconverter.php" method="get">
Value of RM <input name="txtrm" type="text">
<input name="btnconvert" type="submit" value="Convert to USD">

</form>

</body>
</html>

Step 2. Next, create a HTML page to receive the value in Malaysian ringgit, and
cenvert the value into USD. Save and name it as rmusdconverter.php.
Use the code below.

<html>
<head>
<title>USD to RM converter</title>
</head>

<body>
Conversion result<br>
<?php
$rmvalue=$_GET["txtrm"];

$usdvalue=$rmvalue/3.4;
printf("RM %.2f",$rmvalue);
echo " is equivalent to ";
printf("USD %.2f",$usdvalue);

?>
</body>
</html>

Step 3. Preview the page (in the browser) with the name
formRMUSDConverter.php, key in a value in the text box and click the
button “Convert to USD”. The browser should go to the next page named
rmusdconverter.php (as defined in the form’s action) and display the value
converted from RM into USD.

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:5
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:6
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Example 3: Simple statistical web application for calculating sum and average of five
numbers.

Step 1. Create the form to receive five numbers from the user. Use the code
below, and save as form5numbers.php.

<html>
<head>
<title>operation for 5 numbers</title>
</head>
<body>
Enter two numbers<br>
<form method="GET" name="form5Numbers" action="ops5numbers.php">
Number 1 <input type="text" name="num1"><br>
Number 2 <input type="text" name="num2"><br>
Number 3 <input type="text" name="num3"><br>
Number 4 <input type="text" name="num4"><br>
Number 5 <input type="text" name="num5"><br>
<input type="submit" name="btnOps" value="Ops 5">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Step 2. Create another page to receive the numbers entered by the user. Save as
ops5numbers.php.

<html>
<head>
<title>Operation on 5 numbers </title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
//retrieve the numbers
$n1=$_GET["num1"];
$n2=$_GET["num2"];
$n3=$_GET["num3"];
$n4=$_GET["num4"];
$n5=$_GET["num5"];
$sum=$n1+$n2+$n3+$n4+$n5;
$average=$sum/5;
echo "The numbers are $n1, $n2, $n3, $n4, $n5<br>";
echo "The sum of the numbers: $sum<br>";
echo "The average the numbers: $average<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>

Step 3. View the form (form5numbers.php) in the browser and key-in a number in
each of the boxes, and click the button.

Step 4. The sum and the average of the five numbers are displayed.

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:7
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:8
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Exercise 4.1: Mathematical Expression

1. What is the numerical value of each of the following expressions as evaluated by


the PHP scripting language?
i. (20/2)%2
ii. 3%2
iii. 10%(10/5)
iv. 8%5*3+1
v. 2+4*5
vi. 10/(4+1)%3
vii. 1+5*3/3+5%4

2. Convert the following mathematical formula into PHP expression.


ii. y =b2-4ac
iii. b = 2bx2 + 3(a+b)x + 3a
iv. m= y2 - y1
x2 – x1
v. n =a3+b2
vi. d =(x+10)(x-3)
vii. C =5(F-32)
9

(*For all the problems in question 3-10, you are required to create a HTML form for the
input page, and another page to display the result of the calculation).

3. Multiplication of two numbers entered by user.

4. Receive a length in kilometer, convert the length into meter.

5. Convert a currency value from US dollar (USD) into Malaysian ringgit (RM).

6. Convert a distance in mile into kilometer.


Given: 1 mile is equivalent to 1.609344 kilometers.

7. Convert temperature value from Fahrenheit into Celsius.


Given: Celsius=(5/9)*(Fahrenheit-32)

8. You are given the following page with a form to receive the price of item and the
quantity for the user to buy the item.

9. You are to develop a loan payment calculator. The first page is the form for the
user to key in the sum of loan, the interest rate, and the number of years to settle
the payment. After the user entered all the information, the user will click a button
and the information will be submitted to the server. In the server there is another
file waiting to calculate and display the monthly installment to be paid, and the
total sum of payment to be made.

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:9
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Comparison Operators.

The comparison operators are used to compare values.

Operator Meaning Example

== Equal to ($nombor == 100)

!= Not equal to ($huruf != ‘Z’)

< Less than ($nom1 < $nom2)

> Greater than ($markah > 80)

<= Less than or equal to ($bil <= 10)

>= Greater than or equal to ($bil >= $input)

Logical Operators.

The logical operators are used for Boolean expression or logical comparison. The
Boolean expression produces true if the statement is true and false if the statement is
false.

Operator Meaning Example

&& Logical AND ($x==1) && ($y==2)

|| Logical OR ($huruf==’A’) || ($nom>10)

! Logical NOT (!EOF)


!( $nombor > 100 )

Examples of expression:
Statement convert to PHP expression

x is between 10 to 50. ($x>=10)&&($x<=50)


(Pembolehubah x bernilai di antara
10 hingga 50)

y is not equal to f or q. ($y!=$f)||( $y!=$q)


(y tak sama dengan f atau q)

z is multiplication of 5. ($z%5 == 0)
(z adalah gandaan 5)

z is not multiplication of 5. ($z%5 != 0)


(z bukan gandaan 5)

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:10
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Var1 is negative number. ($Var1 < 0)


(Var1 ialah nombor negatif)

Var2 is between 0 to 100, but 20 to (($Var2>=0)&&($Var2<=100)&&


50 are excluded. (!(($Var2>=20)&&($Var2<=50)))
(Var2 adalah antara 0 hingga 100,
tapi antara 20 hingga 50 tak
termasuk)

Other Operators

Operat Meaning Example


or
++ Unary pre-increment (add 1 to the $nom++;
value in a variable)
Unary post-increment (add 1 to the ++$nom;
value in a variable later)

-- Unary pre-decrement (subtract 1 $jum--;


from the value in a variable)
Unary post-decrement (subtract 1 --$jum;
from the value in a variable later)

{} Parenthesis (block of statements) if($val==0){


……
}
[] Array subscript (index number for $j[1]=100;
array variable)

. Concatenate (merge several $name=”Kerul”.” Rahman”;


separated strings) $name+=” Abd Rahman”;
; Semicolon (to end a statement) $a=5;
$a+=10;

() Bracket

As the arithmetic expression $average=($a+$b+$c)/3;


separator.

// Line comment

/* …*/ Block comment

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:11
Chapter 4: PHP Operators

Exercise 4.2: Boolean Expressions

1. What is the value of the following Boolean expressions (true/false)?


a. 4 > 1
b. !((4+1)>5)
c. ‘c’==’C’
d. !(false)&&(true)
e. (4>4)||(100%10==5)

2. Create the Boolean expression (in PHP format) for each of the following
statements.
a. $X is positive integer. j. $var2 is devisable by 5.
b. $Z is negative integer. k. $gaji is greater than 5000.
c. $W is between –100 to 100. l. $huruf1 is vocal.
d. $Y is multiplication of 10. m. $huruf2 is consonant.
e. $A is multiplication of 3. n. $huruf3 is upper case.
f. $num1 is not equal to 10. o. $huruf4 is lower case.
g. $num2 is even number. p. $huruf5 is equal to ‘m’.
h. $num3 is odd number. q. $huruf6 is not equal to ‘Z’.
i. $num4 is a prime number.

PHP Manual (All rights reserved (2008) Khirulnizam Abd Rahman - http://kerul.blogspot.com/) Chapter 4:12

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