Recommendations

for use

ABNOBA GmbH
Hohenzollernstrae 16 Information for Healthcare Professionals
75177 Pforzheim | Germany

Phone +49(0)7231-315050
Fax +49(0)7231-358714
eMail: info@abnoba.de
www.abnoba.de
overview
How to reach optimal dosage
and long-term therapy
overview
Start of treatment
and how to reach optimal dosage (detailed description, page 22)

Treatment starts with

abnobaVISCUM 0.02 mg, 1 ml (= 1 ampoule) Dosage is too high when: *

Weeks 1 - 3
3 x per week s.c. over 2 weeks total of 8 ampoules (= 1 package) the local inflammatory reaction is larger than 5 cm and smaller
than 10 cm :
Any one of the reactions 1 3 indicate that the dosage is correct: Example: Reduce injection amount to 0.5 ml ( ampoule) for the next
1 Local inflammatory reaction at the injection site up to = 5 cm. Week 1 Mon. Wed. Fri. 3 injections.
Week 2 Mon. Wed. Fri. the local inflammatory reaction is larger than 10 cm :
2 Temporary temperature increase of 0.5 - 1.0 C within 12 hours following the injection. Inject the next lowest strength for 2 weeks (8 ampoules).
Week 3 Mon. Wed. there is persistent weakness, nausea and/or dizziness:
3 Patient experiences changes in condition: pain relief, deeper sleep, better appetite. Inject the next lowest strength for 2 weeks (8 ampoules).

severe reactions and side effects persist:

Reactions 1 and 2 decrease in intensity after 2 weeks (if not, administer 0.02 mg for an additional Continue treatment with abnobaVISCUM potency D6 of the same
2 weeks). Thereafter dosage can be increased to the next strength. host tree.
* See page 26 for further important information on overdosage.
The symptoms of exhaustion, mild shivering, generally feeling unwell, headaches and short
dizzy spells that can arise on an injection day are signs of correct dosage, as long as these
reactions subside within 12 hours.

abnobaVISCUM 0.2 mg, 1 ml (= 1 ampoule) Weeks 3 - 6

3 x per week s.c. over 2 weeks total of 8 ampoules (= 1 package)

Reactions 1 3 (above) will regularly reappear. If reactions are too strong or severe, please follow the
recommendations of how to proceed in case of too high dosage or overdosage (see opposite).

Either: If well-tolerated and the intensity of reactions 1 3 subside again, and if the patients general
condition is good, dosage can again be increased to the next higher strength:
Long-term therapy
Once the individual optimal dosage has been reached, from Week 6
onwards the following process is often followed:
abnobaVISCUM 2 mg, 1 ml (= 1 ampoule) Week 6
Maintain s.c. inj. 3 x per week, continue with this strength as long-term therapy. onwards
Injections s.c. are maintained at 3 x per week for up to 2 years.
Thus the individual optimal dosage for long-term therapy has been reached. Then 2 x per week for 1 further year.

After 3 years, treatment-free intervals of 3 months can be intro

Or: In cases of poor general condition or if the patient has a strong/severe reaction, the
duced.
dosage already reached should be maintained.
caution:
abnobaVISCUM 0.2 mg, 1 ml (= 1 ampoule) Week 6 Following a treatment-free interval lasting longer than 4 weeks, treat-
Maintain s.c. inj. 3 x per week, continue with this strength as long-term therapy. onwards ment should always begin again with a lower dosage (0.02 mg).
Thus the individual optimal dosage for long-term therapy has been reached.
Choosing the type of preparation
(i.e. host tree)

Tumours without metastatic spread and precanceroses

Tumour Localisation abnobaVISCUM Examples
Gall Bladder Carcinoma
Colon Carcinoma
Gastrointestinal Tumours Quercus or Pini * Gastric Carcinoma
Pancreatic Carcinoma
Rectal Carcinoma

Bronchial Carcinoma Bronchial Carcinoma

Abietis or Aceris
Pleural Mesothelioma

Breast Cancer
Ovarian Carcinoma
Gynaecological Tumours Mali or Abietis Uterine Carcinoma
Cervial Carcinoma

male: Bladder Carcinoma

Urogenital Tumours Crataegi or Quercus Testicular Carcinoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma
female: Mali or Pini Carcinoma of the Prostata

Cutaneous Tumours Abietis or Betulae Melanoma

Carcinoma of the oral cavity

Otorhinolaryngologic Tumours Abietis or Amygdali
Tounge Carcinoma

Central Nervous System Tumours Abietis or Betulae Glioblastoma

Sarcoma / Osteosarcoma
Fraxini or Abietis
Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Haematologic Neoplasia Abietis or Fraxini Leukaemia, Lymphoma

Carcinoid
Endocrinous Tumours Abietis or Amygdali Thyroid Carcinoma

Leukaemia
Paediatric Tumours
Fraxini or Abietis Lymphoma
Solid and Haematological Tumours Neuroblastoma
* The second preparation is used in the case that no reactions according 1-3 appear.

Tumours with metastases

Known primary tumour Fraxini or the preparation recommended for the primary tumour

Unknown primary tumour Fraxini

Contents

Overview Inside front

Start of treatment cover page
and how to reach optimal dosage
Choosing the type of abnobaVISCUM preparation

Introduction 9

abnobaVISCUM: Type of preparation and composition 9

abnobaVISCUM: Strengths 20 mg to 0.02 mg 10
abnobaVISCUM: Strengths D6 to D30 10
Old and new designations 11

Production and quality control of abnobaVISCUM 12

Harvest 12
Extraction 12
Further production steps 13
Quality assurance 13
Specific features of abnobaVISCUM 16

Recommendations for use of abnobaViscum 18

Therapeutic indications 18
Contraindications 18
Side effects 19
Symptoms occurring in almost all patients
receiving optimal dosage 19
Rare side effects 19
Very rare allergoid reactions 20
Special warnings and precautions for use 20
Use of abnobaVISCUM in patients with impaired
renal or hepatic function 21
Pediatric use 21
 Pregnancy and lactation 21
Interactions with other medicinal products and other
forms of interaction 21
Choosing type of preparation (i.e. host tree) 22
Dosage 22
Start of treatment 22
Individual dosage 23
Overdosage 26
Treatment duration / Long-term therapy 26
Treatment-free intervals 27
Posology and method of administration 27
Subcutaneous injection 27
Intravenous infusion 27
Other types of administration (Off label use) 28
abnobaVISCUM in combination with other therapies 29
Ampoules: Indications for handling, storage and transport 30
Preclinical investigations 31
Pharmaceutical information 32
Expert Information
in accordance with German Drug Law 34
Emergency Measures 39
Selected literature for further reading 42

Treatment advice
Our specialists can be consulted
regarding treatment with abnobaVISCUM
Please contact us at:
Phone +49 (0)7231 - 31 50 50 Fax: +49 (0)7231 - 35 87 14
E-mail: info@abnoba.de
Introduction
abnobaVISCUM mistletoe preparations were first used in 1971. The
experience gained in clinical and private practice since provides the
basis of the following recommendations for administering the treat-
ment.
abnobaVISCUM is used in supportive, adjuvant and palliative tumour
therapy programs as well as in post-operative treatment of tumour
disease. As it is an anthroposophical mistletoe preparation, the
costs are refundable within the context of a cancer treatment plan
(in Germany).

Types of abnobaVISCUM and composition

abnobaVISCUM preparations are produced from nine different host
trees (types). Each type of preparation is available in the following
strengths: 20 mg, 2 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.02 mg, D6, D10, D20 and D30.
abnobaVISCUM preparations are ethical drugs or pharmacy-only
medicines (only in Germany).

The following types of preparations are available:

Name of the English name of

medicinal product host tree (type)

Abietis fir
Aceris maple
Amygdali almond
Betulae birch
Crataegi hawthorn
Fraxini ash
Mali apple
Pini pine
Quercus oak

9
 abnobaVISCUM: 0.02 mg to 20 mg strengths
Solution for subcutaneous injection. Each concentration is available
in packages of 8, 21 and 48 ampoules.
1 ml of injection solution contains:
Pressed juice from the mistletoe plant of the particular host tree,
produced from mg mistletoe

0.02 mg (Start of treatment)

0.2 mg
2 mg Note: The 20mg and 2mg strength injec
tion solutions have a yellow-green colour.
20 mg

Excipients*: Disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, ascorbic

acid, water for injections

abnobaVISCUM: D6 to D30 strengths

Solution for subcutaneous injection, intravenous infusion or instilla-
tion into body cavities. Each strength is available in packages of 8
and 48 ampoules.
Strengths D6 to D30:
Strength An ampoule of 1 ml solution for
injection contains:
D6 Viscum album of a specific host tree
ex herba recente col. D6: 1 ml
D10 Viscum album of a specific host tree
ex herba recente col. D10: 1 ml
D20 Viscum album of a specific host tree
ex herba recente col D20: 1 ml
D30 Viscum album of a specific host tree
ex herba recente col. D30: 1 ml
Excipients*: None

* Note for patients with coeliac disease:

abnobaVISCUM does not contain any gluten.

10
Old and new designations
In 2006 the designations of abnobaVISCUM mistletoe preparations
were simplified by omitting the dilution step 2 to 30 (see following table).
New designation Old designation
(type e.g. Mali) 20 mg -2 20 mg
(type e.g. Mali) 2 mg -3 2 mg
(type e.g. Mali) 0.2 mg -4 0.2 mg
(type e.g. Mali) 0.02 mg -5 0.02 mg
(type e.g. Mali) D6 -6 D6
(type e.g. Mali) D10 -10 D10
(type e.g. Mali) D20 -20 D20
(type e.g. Mali) D30 -30 D30

This amendment relates to the designations of the preparations and

not to any alterations in the actual medicine. In order to prevent
error and confusion it became necessary to clarify the differences
between stronger and weaker concentrations.

11
 Production and quality control of abnobaVISCUM

Harvest
abnobaVISCUM is produced using summer and winter harvests.
The mistletoe plant is distinguished by a series of characteristics
which can be described in terms of time-related and space-related
biological development processes. In this way the unique features of
the mistletoe can be understood in relation to other plants within its
species and a rationale for harvesting the mistletoe becomes appa-
rent. These specific features can also be observed in the mistletoes
spectrum of substances which is subject to seasonal variations. For
this reason, mistletoe is harvested in summer and winter, at times
that are predefined in accordance with the particular characteristics
of biological development. Plant materials are apportioned and
deep-frozen in fluid nitrogen at the harvest site and then stored until
the extraction process. This provides for microbiological stability
and prevents oxidation.

Extraction
The active ingredient in abnobaVISCUM is produced by means of
the two-step procedure described in the Deutsche Homopathische
Arzneibuch (HAB) [German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia]. The
summer and winter harvests are treated separately according to
a patented pressing procedure under protective atmosphere. The
extraction is carried out using a ascorbate phosphate buffer solu-
tion so that 75% of plant materials are retained in the solution. This
ensures that the mistletoe extract contains a high yield of all main
ingredients (e.g. mistletoe lectins, viscotoxins). abnobaVISCUM 20
mg and 2 mg strengths have typically a yellow-green colour. This is
due to the special extraction that retains additional fat-related sub-
stances, the so-called membrane lipids in the extract, in the form
of tiny bubbles called liposomes. These liposomes are formed from

12
the cell membranes occurring naturally in plants and contain green
mistletoe plant pigment. Numerous immunological effects have been
reported for mistletoe liposomes, and they probably explain why ab-
nobaVISCUM is well-tolerated.

Further production steps

The summer and winter extracts are mixed together in a so-called
flow process and then diluted with the ascorbate-phosphate buffer
according to a predefined formula. A liquid film of winter extract is
spread over the surface of a rotating disk while the summer extract
is added dropwise. The resulting active ingredient is used later on
to produce the injection solutions which are finally filled into glass
ampules by means of sterile filtration under aseptic conditions.

Quality assurance
Manufacture of abnobaVISCUM and quality control procedures are
carried out according to legal regulations and in strict adherence
to international standards and rules of good manufacturing prac-
tice, i.e. the GMP guidelines. These regulations are applied and
continually updated according to the most current knowledge and
technology. A series of substances have been detected in mistletoe
preparations that contribute to the overall effect of the remedies
(active substances such as mistletoe lectins, viscotoxins, polysac-
charides, liposomes, triterpenoids, amongst many others). These
are not defined individual substances but rather substance groups.
The contribution of each substance group to the overall medicinal
preparation depends on its interactions with other constituents, i.e.
secondary substances, as well as on galenic features (liposomes).
Therefore the pharmaceutical quality of abnobaVISCUM is ensured
by means of process standardization, i.e. fixing of harvest times, for-
mulas, production processes and specifications, and employment of
validated control methods.

13
 Controls carried out during production and at the end of the entire
manufacturing process show that the mistletoe preparations are of
consistent quality.
The substance composition of each type (i.e. host tree) of mistletoe
preparation is different. For example, the total lectin content of ab-
nobaVISCUM Fraxini is 50 times higher on average than the same
extraction strength of abnobaVISCUM Pini. See Figure 1 and 2.

Lectin content in abnobaVISCUM [ng/ml]

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
Amygdali
Quercus
Crataegi
Betulae

Abietis
Fraxini

Aceris
Mali

Pini

Type

Figure 1: Average total lectin content of abnobaVISCUM preparations,

strength 20mg, according to host tree (type).

14
 Viscotoxin content in abnobaVISCUM [g/ml]
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Amygdali
Quercus

Crataegi
Betulae

Abietis
Fraxini

Aceris

Mali

Pini

Type

Figure 2: Average total viscotoxin content of abnobaVISCUM preparations,

strength 20mg, according to host tree (type).

15
 Specific features of abnobaVISCUM
abnobaVISCUM differs from other mistletoe preparations in the
following ways:

Meticulous elimination of microbial decay

Standardized production at the harvest site prevents microbial
spoilage and substance decay.
Directly after harvesting mistletoe for abnobaVISCUM is stored in
liquid nitrogen.

Active ingredients are not altered by oxidation

The entire abnobaVISCUM manufacturing process, from the stor
age of harvested plant materials to the final filling of ampules,
takes place under inert gas so that oxidative changes (as evident
in the brown colour of other similar preparations) cannot take
place.

High mistletoe lectin and viscotoxin content

By means of the patented extraction process, 75% of plant mater
ials are retained in the extract solution. In this way it is possible
to reliably achieve high concentrations of mistletoe lectins and
viscotoxins in the extract. It should be emphasised that both sub-
stance groups can be equally well extracted.

Processing of liposomes
The natural liposomes contained in the extract explain why
abnobaVISCUM is well-tolerated as a medicament and its high
bio-availability.

Only for abnobaVISCUM

it is shown that mistletoe lectins are available in blood serum fol-
lowing subcutaneous administration.

16
17
Recommendations
for use

Recommendations for use of abnobaVISCUM

Therapeutic indications
Relapse prophylaxis following tumour surgery.
Treatment of malignant and benign tumour disease.
Treatment of malignant disease of the haematopoietic organs.
Treatment of defined pre-cancerous conditions.

abnobaVISCUM is administered as supportive treatment to che-

motherapy and radiation therapy, and before and after surgery for
reducing side effects and thus improving the patients quality of life.
Once standard therapies have been completed, abnobaVISCUM is
administered as an immunomodulator for strengthening the orga-
nism overall and also as a prophylaxis against tumour recurrence.
Mistletoe therapy stimulates endorphine release and can help to re-
duce pain during advanced tumour stages. The symptoms of lack of
appetite and disturbed sleep frequently occuring in connection with
cancer diseases can also be relieved or eliminated.
Please refer to the section entitled abnobaVISCUM in combination
with other therapies on page 29 for specific indications concerning
supportive (adjuvant) treatment.

Contraindications
In the case of acute infections or diseases accompanied by fever
(body temperature above 38 C), mistletoe treatment must be dis-
continued until the fever or infection subside.
abnobaVISCUM should not be administered if there is any known
hypersensitivity to mistletoe preparations.

18
Side effects
The following symptoms appear in almost all patients taking the
correct individual dosage:
Skin, cutaneous Injection site inflammation up to 5 cm
appendages: in diameter mostly appears 8 -12 hours
after the injection; rarely after 24 hours

General: Minor increase in body temperature

within 12 hours following the injection

Blood and lymph system: Temporary, minor swelling of nearby

lymphnodes

The symptoms described above are harmless and present no cause

for concern; they signal the patients responsiveness to treatment.
The minor increase in body temperature (up to 38 C) triggered by
abnobaVISCUM should not be suppressed with fever-reducing me-
dicines or remedies.

Rare side effects:

Skin, cutaneous Larger injection site inflammation over 5
appendages: cm in diameter, injection site nodule

General: Pyrexia over 38 C, fatigue, chills, malai-

se, headache, short spells of dizziness,
triggering of inflammations

Blood and lymph system: Injection site lymphadenopathy

Digestive tract: Diarrhoea

Urogenital tract: Increase urge to urinate

19
Recommendations
for use
The general symptoms described here do not indicate intolerance
of the medication but rather that the dosage is effective. However, if
these symptoms do not subside during the course of the day follo-
wing the injection, or if the patient is unable to tolerate the symptoms,
the dosage should be reduced to the next lowest strength. The next
injection should only be given after the symptoms have subsided.
A fever persisting for more than three days cannot be caused by a
mistletoe injection and other causes should be investigated.

Very rare allergoid reactions:

Skin, cutaneous Injection site or generalized urticaria,
appendages: blistering, rash, erythema multiforme
(one documented case), angioneurotic
oedema (Quinckes oedema)

General: Generalized pruritus, chills

Circulation system: Anaphylactic shock

Airways: Dyspnoea, bronchospasm

If any of these symptoms appear, discontinue administration of ab-

nobaVISCUM immediately. Emergency medical measures should be
taken with symptomatic treatment as described on page 39 in the
chapter Emergency treatment.

Special warnings and precautions for use

If dosage is increased too rapidly, e.g. when a strength level
is skipped, allergoid reactions requiring emergency medical
treatment can result (see page 39). Becaue the symptoms de-
scribed above are dosage-related and are not due to an allergy,
treatment with abnobaVISCUM can be continued at a reduced
dosage when the symptoms have subsided.

20
Use of abnobaVISCUM in patients with impaired renal
or hepatic function
No restrictions for use. Long-term clinical experience provides no
evidence for restricting administration of abnobaVISCUM to patients
with limited kidney and liver function.

Pediatric use
abnobaVISCUM can be used in paediatric medicine. Extensive expe-
rience in this area shows no evidence of contraindications for child-
ren below the age of 12 years. Insufficient knowledge is available on
administration to infants and toddlers under the age of 3 years.

Pregnancy and lactation

To date no effects are known to contraindicate administration of ab-
nobaVISCUM during pregnancy. Particular caution should be exer-
cised however, and therefore during the first three months of preg-
nancy, abnobaVISCUM should be administered strictly according to
the prescribed indications. There is insufficient knowledge available
to make recommendations for administration of abnobaVISCUM
during breastfeeding.

Interactions with other medicinal products and other

forms of interaction
Interactions with other medicinal products and other interactions
are unknown.
Until now interactions with other immunmodulatory substances
have not been investigated. Careful dosage and medical check-ups
are recommended if such medication is administered within a short
period of time after or before treatment with mistletoe preparations.
Because of the parenteral application of abnobaVISCUM, an influ-
ence of foodstuffs on the effects of the preparation is unlikely and
not known up to now.

21
Recommendations
for use

Choosing type of preparation (host tree)

The different types of abnobaVISCUM preparations (e.g. abnoba-
VISCUM Pini or abnobaVISCUM Fraxini) are distinguished by the
trees upon which the mistletoe grows, the so-called host trees.
Choosing the type of preparation depends on the kind of tumour and
where it is located. Recommendations are described in the tabular
summary (inside front page).

Dosage
abnobaVISCUM treatment starts at a low dosage which is slowly
increased over time.
Increases in dosage and the frequency of administration are adju-
sted according to the individual patients responsiveness to the pre-
parations. In this way dosage is gradually increased until the optimal
dosage (individual dosage) is achieved.

Start of treatment
It is recommended that treatment starts with 1 ml (1 ampule) of
0.02 mg strength, injected 3 times per week. The treatment scheme
provided (inside front cover) for increasing dosage is based on ex-
tensive clinical experience gained over many years. The reactions
described in the section Individual dosage can be expected to
arise frequently.
If no reaction or a very minor reaction is observed after 8 injections
of 0.02 mg strength, dosage can be increased to 0.2 mg strength,
3 injections per week.
After a further 8 injections, if no reaction or a very minor reaction
is observed, the dosage should be increased to 2 mg strength,
3 injections per week.
If the reactions described in points (a) to (d) below are achieved at
any stage, the dosage should be maintained until the reaction is
no longer observed.

22
Individual dosage
The optimal individual dosage is reached when at least one of the
following reactions is observed:
a) Injection site inflammation
An injection site inflammation mostly arises at the injection site
within 8 to 12 hours; rarely only after 24 hours. This localized
inflammatory skin reaction should be a maximum of 5 cm in dia-
meter. It subsides within the next two to three days and becomes
weaker during the course of treatment.
b) Body temperature response
Three types of body temperature response can be observed:
Immediate response: Temperature increases during the course of
the first 12 hours after the injection.
Rhythmical response: The normal physiological temperature
difference of 0.5 C between morning and evening is recovered
(page 37).
Late reaction: During the course of the treatment the average
body temperature level increases (page 37).
Temperature readings are taken rectally or orally. The first reading
should be taken in the morning before getting out of bed, before
700h if possible; the second reading in the afternoon between
1400h and 18 00h following a 30 minutes rest. The temperature
readings should always be taken at the same time each day. The
second reading should be taken at the point when the individual
temperature is normally at its maximum. Experience has shown
that the body temperature response (immediate response) disap-
pears after several months of continual treatment with the same
dosage concentration.
c) Immunological response
Stimulation of the specific and non-specific immune system. A
positive immune system response can be shown by means of
changes in the leukocytes, particularly through maturation and

23
Recommendations
for use
activation of lymphocytes and increase in eosinophiles.
An improvement of the cellular immune status can be observed
through identifying lymphocyte sub-populations as well as by the
number and activation of NK-cells.
These observable pharmacodynamic effects are dependent on
the dosage strength at the start of treatment and change during
the course of treatment. After 3 to 9 weeks, antibodies mostly
IgG-type against mistletoe proteins (mistletoe lectins, viscoto-
xins) begin to appear.
d) Changes in general condition
Once the body temperature response subsides there is often an
improvement in the patients general physical and psychological
condition. The patient often experiences increased sense of initia-
tive, and in some cases pain reduction and appetite increase. It is
possible to consider reducing the dosage of analgesics that have
otherwise been necessary up to that point.

If one of the reactions described in points (a) to (d) is observed, the

optimal individual dosage has been achieved. Some patients may
only have one respone, i.e. temperature increase or a localized skin
reaction, but most patients have a combination of all four reactions.
If none of the above reactions occur, the injection frequency can be
varied or type (host tree) of abnobaVISCUM changed. (See indicati-
ons for switching type of preparation on the inside front cover page)
It should be noted that localized skin reactions and temperature
responses become weaker or disappear completely with continual
treatment of the same dosage concentration.
The symptoms of fatigue, chills, malaise , headache and short dizzi-
ness that can arise on an injection day are not signs of intolerance;
rather the symptoms indicate that the dosage is effective. However,
if these symptoms do not subside during the course of the day after

24
the injection, or if the symptoms become intolerable for the patient,
the concentration or dosage should be reduced.
If the transition from one concentration to the next highest concen-
tration results in an overshooting reaction, then the next administra-
tion of the new strength should only be half an ampule.*
If the patient already has strong reactions to 0.02 mg strength then D6
strength should be used. In cases of a strong reaction to D6 strength,
then only one third of an ampule should be used; alternatively a diffe-
rent type (host tree) of abnobaVISCUM should be selected.

Different types of abnobaVISCUM preparation (i.e. produced

from different host trees) of the same strength differ considerably
in their quantitative composition. For example, abnobaVISCUM
Fraxini contains about 50 times more mistletoe lectins than abno-
baVISCUM Pini (see the section Quality assurance, page 14/15,
Figure 1 and 2). Therefore, when changing to a different type of
mistletoe preparation, different reactions can be expected. For
this reason the patient should re-start injections at a lower dosage
or strength than they were using with the previous type.

If the patients responsiveness changes during the course of treat-

ment (for example, because of simultaneous chemotherapy or radia-
tion therapy), the individual dosage should be determined anew.
In addition to assessing the patients general condition, localized
skin reactions and temperature responses, immunological para-
meters can be used to determine the patients responsiveness to
mistletoe therapy.

* The contents of ampoules that have already been broken open should be
disposed of and not used for a later injection.

25
Recommendations
for use

Overdosage
Increasing dosage in steps of more than one strength should be
avoided. The procedure for determining the optimal individual
dosage must be complied with.
A too-rapid increase in dosage, e.g. by skipping the next
strength to the following one can lead to allergoid reactions
requiring emergency medical treatment (see page 39). As the
allergoid reaction is related to dosage (and not to an allergy as
such), treatment can be continued at a decreased dosage when
the symptoms have subsided.

Treatment duration and long-term therapy

Once the optimal individual dosage (see page 23) has been achieved,
treatment can continue with 3 injections per week of this level of do-
sage. The overall duration of treatment is not restricted but should
be determined by a physician. Risk of tumour recurrence and the
patients general condition are indicators for the length of treatment
required.
The following approach is often used and serves as a suggestion:
If the patient has a good general and psychological condition,
after 2 years, frequency of injection can be reduced to 2 ampoules
(2 injections) per week.
If this frequency of injecting is maintained, in the 3rd year, treat-
ment-free intervals of 13 weeks can be taken, up to a total of 3
months in that year.
During the 4th year of treatment 2 treatment-free intervals of up to
3 months each can be taken, i.e. a total of 6 months in that year.
From the 5th year onwards treatment can be limited to 3 months
per year at the dosage level last used at the end of the 4th year.
After 5-7 years in total (from the beginning of treatment) treat-
ment can be discontinued if the patients condition and prognosis
are favourable.

26
Mistletoe therapy can be continued behond the 7th year, for example
as a prophylaxis against tumour recurrence.

Treatment-free intervals
After a treatment-free interval lasting longer than 4 weeks, the
patient should always begin injecting again with 0.02 mg strength
following the process described in the section on Individual do-
sage (page 23)

Posology and method of administration

Subcutaneous injection
The recommended injection site is under the skin of the abdo-
men. The injection is given subcutaneously (i.e. into the fatty tissue
under the skin) and the injection site should be varied if possible,
e.g. alternating between the right side of the abdomen on one injec-
tion-day and the left side of the abdomen on the next injection-day*.
Inflamed or infected areas of skin should not be injected, e.g. where
there are localized reactions or lymphnodes. Areas that have recei-
ved radiation therapy or the vicinity of operation scars should also
be avoided. In these cases, subcutaneous injections can be given
in the upper thigh or upper arm. It is recommended that the patient
rests after the injection.

Intravenous Infusion
abnobaVISCUM D6 D30 strength can be administered intrave-
nously in special cases. Dosage and frequency depend on the phy-
sical condition of the patient and are determined individually.
The appropriate dosage of abnobaVISCUM combined with 250 ml

* An information booklet about mistletoe therapy containing further instruc-

tions for subcutaneous injecting is available to patients and can be ordered
from Abnoba GmbH free of charge.

27
Recommendations
for use
saline solution is administered by intravenous infusion. The infusion
should be administered over a period of at least 30 minutes. (This
only applies to D6 to D30 preparations. Higher strength Off
label use infusions should be administered over a period of at
least 120 to 150 minutes). If an allergoid reaction appears during
the infusion, administration must be discontinued immediately. If the
symptoms do not subside, emergency medical treatment must be
given (see page 39).

Other types of administration (Off label use)

If any of the following kinds of administration of abnobaVISCUM are
being considered, we recommend initial consultation with our medi-
cal specialist services:
Intravenous infusion with preparations of 0.02mg to 20mg
strength.
Instillation
e.g. for malignant intrapleural effusion, bladder carcinoma, ascites.
Treatment with higher first dosage
e.g. for patients with good general condition who have not been
treated with misteltoe preparations previously.
Intratumoral injection
Treatment for chronic hepatitis C

For Protocols contact us at:

Phone +49 (0)7231 - 31 50 50 Fax: +49 (0)7231 - 35 87 14
E-mail: info@abnoba.de

28
abnobaVISCUM in combination with other therapies
The patients reaction to abnobaVISCUM injections can change
during the course of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and following
surgery. In rare cases it may be essential to re-establish the optimal
individual dosage, starting injections with 0.02 mg strength once
again (see page 22).

Surgery
Surgical interventions and anaesthetic drugs can have an immu-
nosuppressive effect. Therefore it is recommended that abnoba-
VISCUM is given as an immunmodulatory medicine pre-operatively
if possible, even if there is only a short period of time before the
operation. The pre-operative treatment should start with 0.02mg
strength, 3 times per week. The mistletoe injections should be
continued after the operation and until the wound has healed.

Chemotherapy
Treatment with abnobaVISCUM can reduce side effects of chemo-
therapy. Negative interactions between abnobaVISCUM treatment
and simultaneous chemotherapy are not known. Clinical research
has shown that quality of life improves when chemotherapy is
accompanied by treatment with mistletoe preparations. When
chemotherapy and mistletoe treatment are given simultaneously it
is unlikely that mistletoe will have an immunomodulatory effect, i.e.
that it will stimulate the immune system, because the immunosup-
pressive effect of chemotherapy is normally too strong. The main
aim of mistletoe treatment in this case is to improve tolerance of
chemotherapy and thus reduce side effects and improve quality of
life. Dosage is determined according to the guidelines on page 22.
If mistletoe treatment is started for the first time during chemothe-
rapy, dosage should begin at a low level and should be increased
very gradually and carefully over time.

29
Recommendations
for use
Radiation therapy
abnobaVISCUM can be administered during radiation therapy,
although the areas of the body and skin that have been treated
should be strictly avoided as injection sites. In some cases it can
become necessary to reduce dosage because of changes in the
patients reactions (especially where there is a tendency to in-
flammatory reactions).

Hormone treatment
abnobaVISCUM can also be administered simultaneously with
hormone treatment. Any changes in the patients reactions to the
mistletoe preparations, however, should be taken into account.

Ampoules:
Indications for handling, storage and transport
abnobaVISCUM preparations have been protected from oxidation
under the strictest conditions during the entire manufacturing pro-
cess. For this reason, injections must be given immediately after
breaking open the ampoules; the contents of opened ampules can-
not be used at a later time.
Ampoules containing brown-coloured liquid may not be used as
this indicates that the preparation has been exposed to oxygen and
spoiled. abnobaVISCUM 20 mg to 0.02 mg strengths must be stored
in the refrigerator (2 to 13 C). The ampoules may not be frozen. If
ampoules are transported, e.g. from the pharmacy to the patients
home, continual cooling at the abovementioned temperatures is not
necessary. However, extreme temperatures such as frost or heat
(over 25 C) should be avoided.
There are no particular storage recommendations for abnoba-
VISCUM D6 to D30 strengths. These ampoules do not have to be
kept in the refrigerator, although they should not be stored or trans-
ported at temperatures above 25 C.

30
Preclinical investigations
Pharmacology and toxicology studies were carried out for abnoba-
VISCUM Fraxini 20 mg in 2002, in accordance with the GLP. As this
particular type of preparation (host tree) and strength contains the
highest content of pharmacologically effective substances, e.g. mist-
letoe lectins and viscotoxins, it was considered to be representative
of all the other preparations for the purposes of these studies.
The following pharmacological safety studies using animals were
carried out for abnobaVISCUM Fraxini 20 mg:
Effect on breathing and cardiovascular system.
Effect on water and electrolyte metabolism.
Effect on the central nervous system.
An effect on these secondary pharmacological parameters was only
observed once the clinical human dosage was increased by more
than 50 times.
The following toxicity studies were carried out:
Acute toxicity following subcutaneous and intravenous ad-
ministration.
Embryotoxicity following repeated subcutaneous administra-
tion.
Studies on acute toxicity indicated that there is a wide spectrum for
clinical administration to the human being, both for intravenous and
subcutaneous administration. The embryotoxicity studies showed
no teratogenic effect.
The mutagenicity (genotoxicity) of abnobaVISCUM was tested in-
vitro (Ames assay and structural chromosomal aberrations test for
human lymphocytes) and in-vivo (micronucleus test). The studies
gave no indication of mutagenic potential.
The toxological studies gave no indication of carcinogenic potential.
Studies concerning local tolerance of anobaVISCUM in intrapleural
applications showed excellent intrapleural tolerance.

31
Recommendations
for use
Thus pre-clinical data obtained through standard safety studies of
acute toxicity, reproduction toxicity and genotoxicity show no par-
ticular danger for the human being. Both pre-clinical and clinical
pharmacokinetic studies show good biological availability of typical
mistletoe substances (e.g. mistletoe lectins, viscotoxins) following
subcutaneous injection. Hence, within the context of the abovemen-
tioned embryotoxicity study, viscotoxins were found in rat serum.
Once sufficiently sensitive analytical tools became available for mist-
letoe lectins, an analysis of the serum of test subjects and patients
showed that mistletoe lectins were also systemically available follo-
wing subcutaneous administration of abnobaVISCUM.

Pharmaceutical information
Incompatibilities: Not known.

Shelf life: abnobaVISCUM 20 mg to 0.02 mg has a

shelf life of 3 years.
abnobaVISCUM D6 to D30 has a shelf
life of 5 years.

Storage conditions: abnobaVISCUM 20 mg to 0.02 mg

strengths should be stored in the refri-
gerator (2 - 13 C). Do not freeze.
abnobaVISCUM D6 to D30 strengths:
Do not store over 25 C.
The changed and new storage recom-
mendations (since 2008) are based on
new research methods and research
results. The results are also showing
that cooling during transport is not ne-
cessary.

32
Type of container abnobaVISCUM is available in break
and content: able glass ampoules, each containing
1ml of injection solution.
The 20 mg und 2 mg strengths are yel-
low-green in colour. All other strengths
are colourless.

Indications for handling: The contents of ampoules that have

been opened may not be used for an
injection later on. Ampoules containing
brownish coloured liquid should not be
used - this indicates that the preparation
has been exposed to oxygen and has
been spoiled.

The information provided in this brochure was updated in 2009

33
 Expert Information*
1 Name of the medicinal product 20 mg: 15 mg pressed juice from 20
mg mistletoe herb of the respective
abnobaVISCUM
host tree
differentiated according to the mist-
2mg: 1.5mg pressed juice from 2.0mg
letoe host trees: (Abietis) fir, (Aceris)
mistletoe herb of the respective host
maple, (Amygdali) almond, (Betulae)
tree
birch, (Crataegi) hawthorn, (Fraxini)
ash, (Mali) apple, (Pini) pine and 0.2 mg: 0.15 mg pressed juice from 0.2
(Quercus) oak, in the concentrations mg mistletoe herb of the respective
20 mg, 2 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.02 mg, D6, host tree
D10, D20, D30, complete name e.g.:
abnobaVISCUM Abietis 20 mg or 0.02 mg: 0.015 mg pressed juice from
abnobaVISCUM Abietis D6. 0.02 mg mistletoe herb of the respec-
tive host tree
Active substance:
a) Pressed juice from mistletoe herb b) For the concentrations D6, D10, D20
from the respective host tree (20 mg and D30 the following applies:
0.02 mg), 1 ampoule of 1 ml liquid dilution for
and injection contains in

b) Viscum album of the respective host D6: Viscum album of the respective
tree ex herba recente col. D6, D10, host tree ex herba recente col.
D20, D30. D6: 1 ml
D10: Viscum album of the respective
2 Prescription status/Legal category host tree ex herba recente col.
D10: 1 ml
Pharmacy-only medicine
D20: Viscum album of the respective
3 Composition of the medicinal pro- host tree ex herba recente col.
duct D20: 1 ml
D30: Viscum album of the respective
3.1 Substance or indication group
host tree ex herba recente col.
Anthroposophical medicinal product D30: 1 ml

3.2 Pharmaceutically active constitu- 3.3 Excipients

ents, qualitative and quantitative
C o n c e n t r a ti o n s 20m g, 2m g a n d
a) For the concentrations 20mg to 0.2mg: disodium hydrogen phosphate
0.02 mg a concentrated pressed juice 2H 2O, ascorbic acid, water for injec-
which contains 75% of the mistletoe tions
material used. This yields the compo-
Concentration 0.02mg: disodium hy-
sition of the concentrations 20mg to
drogen phosphate 2H 2O, sodium di-
0.02mg as follows:
hydrogen phosphate 1H 2O, ascorbic
1 ampoule of 1 ml solution for injection acid, water for injections
contains in D6, D10, D20 and D30: no excipients

* in accordance with section 11a of German Drug Law

34
Pharmaceutical information
4 Therapeutic indications headache, transient dizziness, diar-
rhoea, increased micturition urge, fati-
According to the anthroposophical
gue, larger local reactions above 5 cm
understanding of man and nature, in-
in diameter), the next injection should
cluding:
only be given after these symptoms
treatment of malignant and benign
have regressed and the concentration
tumours; treatment of malignant di-
and/or the dose should be reduced.
sease of the haematopoietic organs;
treatment of defined precancerous In rare cases there may be subcuta-
conditions; prevention of relapse after neous nodular infiltration at the in-
oncological surgery. jection site, increased swelling of the
regional lymph nodes and activation of
5 Contraindications inflammations.

In acute inflammatory or febrile ill- In case of rare allergic or allergoid

ness (body temperature above 38C), reactions such as generalised itch,
treatment should be interrupted until local or generalised urticaria, blister
the fever and/or inflammation begin to formation, exanthema, erythema ex-
subside. Do not use in known hyper- sudativum multiforme (one documen-
sensitivity to mistletoe preparations. ted case), Quinckes oedema, chills,
Insufficient experience is available for dyspnoea, bronchospasm and shock
use in infants and toddlers. the preparation must be discontinued
immediately and medical treatment is
To date no effects have been reported required.
that argue against the use of mistletoe
products during pregnancy. For rea-
7 Interactions with other medicinal
sons of particular caution mistletoe
products
products should only be used during
the first three months of pregnancy if No interactions with other medicinal
strictly indicated. products are known.

6 Undesirable effects 8 Warnings

Slight rise in body temperature, lo- No information planned.
cal inflammatory reactions around the
subcutaneous injection site as well
9 Most important incompatibilities
as slight transient swelling of regional
lymph nodes are normal. The fever No interactions with other medicinal
caused by abnobaVISCUM should not
be suppressed by use of antipyretic
10 Posology with individual and daily
agents. In fever lasting longer than
doses
three days the differential diagnoses
infectious process or tumour fever Unless otherwise directed, dosage is
must be considered. If the reactions always 1 ml solution for injection of
exceed a tolerable level or a level desi- the given dilution. Treatment should
red by the doctor (fever above 38C, begin with a concentration of 0.02 mg,
tiredness, shivering, general malaise, three times weekly. The concentration

35
 is then carefully increased until the made in the afternoon between 2 p.m.
optimal dose is reached. The dosage and 6 p.m. after the patient has been
should always be established on an lying down for half an hour. The tem-
individual basis in accordance with perature should always be taken at the
patient response. same time of day. The second measu-
rement should preferably be taken at
Determining the individual dose
the time of the individual maximum
The individual dose is that at which temperature.
the patient shows at least one of the
If it necessary to determine the indivi-
following responses:
dual maximum temperature then the
temperature should be taken regularly
a) Change in subjective condition
over the course of one day. It should be
Improvement in general condition and measured every two hours between 7
psychological state, increased initia- a.m. and 9 p.m. after the patient has
tive and possibly pain relief indicate been lying down.
that the chosen regimen is within the
Three types of temperature response
effective dose range. Any tiredness,
are observed:
shivering, general malaise, headache
and transient dizziness on the day of 1. Immediate response: a single rise in
injection are not signs of intolerance temperature after the injection.
but show that the dosage administe-
red was effective, possibly too high. 2. Rhythmical response: restitution
If these symptoms have not subsided of the physiological morning/evening
on the day after the injection or if they temperature dif ference of at least
become intolerable, the concentration 0.5C (Fig. 1).
and/or the dose should be reduced. 3. Delayed response: in the course of
treatment the mean temperature in-
b) Local inflammatory response creases. In such cases the subfebrile
range must also be monitored (Fig. 2).
This should not be more than 5 cm in
diameter. In some patients only one temperature
response is observed. However, in
c) Temperature response most cases combinations of the three
types of response can be observed.
Since the desirable temperature re-
sponses during therapy are impor-
d) Immunological response
tant for evaluating the course of treat-
ment the patient should be instructed For example, increased leukocytes
to keep a basal temperature graph. (above all the absolute lymphocyte
Please note the following: and/or eosinophil count). Improvement
of the cellular immune status in the
The temperature should be measured
Multitest Mrieux or by counting the
rectally or orally. The first measure-
lymphocyte subpopulations.
ment should be made in the morning
before rising, preferably before 7 a.m. The individual dose may already be re-
The second measurement should be ached at a concentration of 0.02 mg.

36
 39

abnobaVISCUM Fraxini 0,02 mg injektions

38

37

without treatment
36
Example for temperature response Fig. 1: Rhythmical response

39

abnobaVISCUM Mali 0,02 mg injektions

38

37

without treatment
36
Example for temperature response Fig. 2: Late response

Otherwise the concentration should be tried:

be increased incrementally to 0.2 mg,
- change in injection frequency
2 mg and 20 mg with 3 injections of
each weekly. As severe responses may - a change can be made to abnoba-
occur when changing from one con- VISCUM obtained from another
centration to the next higher one, only hosttree.
ampoule of the next higher concen-
In case of tumour fever also in the
tration should initially be injected.
sense of B symptomatology with lym-
If excessively severe responses al- phomas low concentrations are given
ready occur at a concentration of 0.02 with the aim of normalising the core
mg, a change should be made to D6. temperature and restoring a physio-
If excessively severe responses also logical rhythm. In such cases assess-
occur at this dilution level, only one ment of the course of the disease is
third of the ampoule should be used based on the local inflammatory reac-
or a change made to dilution level D10 tions, the general state of health and
or to abnobaVISCUM from another the standard oncological criteria.
host tree.
Continuing therapy
If none of the responses listed above
can be achieved, the following may The individual dose (see above) should

37
 be brought into a rhythm using weaker must be injected immediately after
concentrations. For example, if the opening the ampoule. Any opened
individual dose is with concentration ampoules must be discarded imme-
2 mg, then concentration 2 mg can diately.
be administered on Mondays, and the
Site:
concentration 0.2 mg on Wednesdays
Wherever possible inject near to the
and Fridays.
tumour or metastases, a different in-
If the patients response situation jection site should preferably be cho-
changes during the course of treat- sen at every administration (various
ment, the individual dose must also be sites in the abdomen, thigh or up-
reassessed. In addition to the patients per arm). Injections into inflamed skin
general condition and local and tem- areas (e.g., local response) or irradia-
perature responses, immunological tion fields should be avoided. Strictly
parameters can also be used to assess observe subcutaneous injection tech-
responsiveness. nique.
During radiotherapy or chemotherapy Time:
and after surgery, the patients indi- Whenever possible the injections
vidual response may change and the should be given in the morning du-
dose may have to be readjusted. ring the temperature increase phase.
Patients are recommended to rest af-
After any breaks lasting more than 4
terwards.
weeks the initial dose should be halved
when resuming therapy. Duration:
There is basically no limit to the du-
Posology in impaired renal function
ration of treatment. It will be decided
As described above. There are no re- upon by the clinician, based upon the
strictions on use. risk of tumour recurrence, the individual
findings, and the patients condition. If
11 Method and duration of adminis- the patients condition is stable, a dose
tration reduction to two ampoules a week can
be made after two years. After three
Method: years, treatment breaks of four weeks
Subcutaneous injection can be made after each eight weeks
In special cases the required dose therapy. After each treatment break
of concentrations D6 to D30 can be therapy must be started with the in-
mixed with a solution for infusion (phy- duction therapy as given in the dosage
siological saline or 5% glucose so- instructions. After seven years if the
lution) and administered by slow i.v. course remains unsuspicious therapy
infusion. The infusion of 250 ml should with abnobaVISCUM may be discon-
last for at least 30 minutes. In the case tinued. During times of psychological
of malignant effusions the infusion may and physical stress, particularly with
be given directly into the affected body intercurrent viral illness, patients re-
cavity after the required puncture. quire closer monitoring. It is essential
Since the preparations are produced to continue treatment during holidays
under strict oxidation protection they or while travelling.

38
 Emergency Measures

12 Emergency measures, symptoms to 1000 mg.

and antidotes
3. As volume substitution, 5% albumin
Degree of severity I solution. In a severe incident, the se-
quence outlined here, first adrenaline,
Severe skin reactions, urticaria etc.
then corticosteroids, is recommended
subside without fur ther treatment because an immediate effect can only
within two days of discontinuing the be achieved with adrenaline.
product.
The corticosteroids suggested for ad-
Chills ministration in second place, at the
given high dose, require 5 10 minutes
subside without fur ther treatment until their onset of action and this pe-
within two days of discontinuing the riod has to be bridged by the effect of
product. adrenaline.

Degree of severity II In addition to this medicinal therapy,

further measures such as patient po-
Dyspnoea sitioning, ventilation and cardiac mas-
subsides after a few minutes In most sage may, of course, be indicated de-
cases. pending upon the clinical picture.
Otherwise antihistamines should be
13 Pharmacological and toxicological
used. If there is insufficient response,
properties
intravenous corticosteroids, e.g., 100
mg prednisolone, should be admini- Cancerostatic and immunomodula-
stered. ting properties of Viscum album total
extracts have been described in vitro,
Degree of severity III in laboratory animals and in humans.
Animal investigations of acute and sub-
Shock
acute toxicity show a good therapeutic
requires the following sequence of range of the preparations used. Tests
medication and dosages: on bacterial strains (Ames salmonella /
microsome plate incorporation assay)
1. Adrenaline 0.05 0.1 mg i.v., i.e.,
gave no indication of mutagenicity.
1 ml Suprarenin 1:1000 diluted with
Investigations of chronic toxicity, re-
9 ml physiological sodium chloride
production toxicity and cancerogeni-
solution, of which 0.5 1 ml is given as
city are not available. Investigations of
a slow intravenous administration. This
pharmacokinetics and bioavailability
dose is repeated after 1 2 minutes,
have not been conducted for metho-
depending upon the response and
dological reasons.
the patients condition. Blood pres-
sure values and, in particular, cardiac
14 Other information
action (arrhythmias) must be closely
The concentrations 20 mg and 2 mg
monitored.
are coloured green-yellow.
2. Intravenous corticosteroids, e.g.,
prednisolone, at a dose of at least 500

39
 15 Shelf life
Concentrations 20 mg, 2 mg, 0.2 mg
and 0.02 mg: The preparations have
a shelf life of three years when stored
between 2C and 13C. The prepara-
tion should be used immediately after
opening the ampoule.
Concentrations D6, D10, D20 and D30:
The preparations have a shelf life of
five years when stored normally. The
preparation should be used immedia-
tely after opening the ampoule.

16 Special precautions for storage

Concentrations 20 mg, 2 mg, 0.2 mg
and 0.02 mg: Store at 2 13C. Do
not freeze.
Dilution level D 6 D 30: None re-
quired.

17 Pharmaceutical forms and pack

sizes
All AbnobaVISCUM preparations:
Pack with 8 ampoules of 1 ml solution
for injection or liquid dilution for injec-
tion. Pack with 48 ampoules of 1 ml
solution for injection or liquid dilution
for injection.
Concentrations 20 mg to 0.02 mg:
Pack with 21 ampoules of 1 ml solution
for injection

18 Date of revision of text

August 2007.

18 Name or company and address of

the marketing authorisation holder
ABNOBA GMBH
Hohenzollernstr. 16
75177 Pforzheim
Telephone +49 (0)7231-31 50 50
Telefax +49 (0)7231-35 87 14

40
41
 Selected literature for further reading

For Healthcare Professionals

Bssing A.: Mistletoe The Genus Viscum, Harwood Academic Publishers,
Amsterdam, 2000.

Eisenbraun J., Huber R., Krz M., Schad F., Scheer R.: Quality of life in
breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and concurrent therapy with
a mistletoe-extract of the apple tree, Phytomedicine 14 SVII 35, Elsevier-
Verlag Mnchen (2007) Abstract

Kienle G.S., Kiene H.: Complementary Cancer Therapy: A Systematic

Review on Prospective Clinical Trials on Anthroposophic Mistletoe Extracts,
European Journal of Medical Research 12:103-119 (2007)

Klein R., Claen K., Fischer S., Errenst M., Scheffler A., Stein G.M., Scheer
R. und H.B. von Laue: Induction of Antibodies to Viscotoxins A1, A2,
A3, and B in Tumour Patients During Therapy with an Aqueous Mistletoe
Extract, European Journal of Medical Research 7, 359 - 367 (2002)

Klein, R., Franz M., Wacker R., Claen K., Scheer R., von Laue H.B., Stoeva S.,
Voelter W.: Demonstration of Antibodies to the Chitin-Binding Mistletoe
Lectin (CBML) in Tumor Patients before and during Therapy with an
Aqueous Mistletoe. Extract, European Journal of Medical Research 9, 316-
322 (2004)

Krz M., Schad F., Matthes B., Pickartz H., Girke M.: Blut- und
Gewebseosinophilie, Mistellektin-Antikrper und Lebensqualitt bei
einer Mammakarzinom-Patientin unter intratumoraler und subkutaner
Misteltherapie, Forsch Komplementrmed Klass Naturheilkd 9, 160-167
(2002) English Summary

Mabed M., El-Helw L., Shamaa S.: Phase II study of viscum fraxini-2 in
patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, British Journal of Cancer
90 (1), 65-69 (2004)

Matthes H., Matthes B. und S. Biesenthal: Survey of Unconventional Hepatitis

C Therapy with an Aqueous Mistletoe Extract and Lycopersicon esculentum,
Annual Meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association, the
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the Gastroenterology
Research Group, the Society of the Alimentary Tract, and the American

42
Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, April 2000, Gastoenterology 118,
No. 4, Suppl. 2, P221 (2000) Abstract

Scheer R., Bauer R., Becker H., Berg P.A., Fintelmann V. (Hrsg.): Die Mistel
in der Tumortherapie Grundlagenforschung und Klinik, KVC Verlag,
Essen, 2001. English Summaries

Scheer R., Bauer R., Becker H., Fintelmann V., Kemper F.H., Schilcher H.
(Hrsg.): Fortschritte in der Misteltherapie. Aktueller Stand der Forschung
und klinischer Anwendung, KVC Verlag, Essen, 2005. English Summaries

Scheer R., Alban S., Becker H., Holzgrabe U., Kemper F.H., Kreis W., Matthes
H., Schilcher H. (Hrsg.): Die Mistel in der Tumortherapie 2. Aktueller Stand
der Forschung und klinische Anwendung, KVC Verlag, Essen, 2009. English
Summaries

Rostock, M., Huber, R., et al.: Anticancer activity of a lectin-rich mistletoe

extract injected intratumorally into human pancreatic cancer xenografts,
Anticancer Res 25(3B): 1969-75 (2005)

Kienle G.S., Kiene H., Albonico H.-U.: Anthroposophische Medizin in der

klinischen Forschung, Wirksamkeit, Nutzen, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Sicherheit,
Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 2006. German Language

Kienle G.S., Kiene H.: Die Mistel in der Onkologie Fakten und konzep-
tionelle Grundlagen. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 2003. German
Language

For further literature and information regarding specific forms

of treatment our Research Departement can be consulted
Please contact us at:
Phone +49 (0)7231 - 31 50 50 Fax: +49 (0)7231 - 35 87 14
E-mail: info@abnoba.de

Websites:
www.abnoba.de English language available
www.mistel-therapie.de (www.mistel-therapie.de/mistletoe.html)

43
 Selected literature for further reading

For Patients
Our patient brochure is also available in Dutch, German, Spanish
and Turkish.

44
We would be grateful to receive your criticisms and suggestions for
improvement of this brochure.

45
 Recommendations
for use

ABNOBA GmbH
Hohenzollernstrae 16 Information for Healthcare Professionals
75177 Pforzheim | Germany

Phone +49(0)7231-315050
Fax +49(0)7231-358714
eMail: info@abnoba.de
www.abnoba.de