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    Burden Distribution Model For Bell-Less Top Blast Furnaces

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    Hamzah Syaifullah
    The document discusses burden distribution models for bell-less top blast furnaces. It examines the factors that influence the cohesive zone and permeability of the furnace burden, including the radial distribution of ore layer thickness. Maintaining a uniform ore/coke distribution across the furnace radius while allowing permeability in the center is important for high carbon monoxide utilization. Mathematical models have been developed to calculate the radial distribution of layer thickness ratios, void distribution, and particle size based on charging conditions and material properties.

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    Burden Distribution Model For Bell-Less Top Blast Furnaces

    Uploaded by

    Hamzah Syaifullah
    16 views2 pages
    The document discusses burden distribution models for bell-less top blast furnaces. It examines the factors that influence the cohesive zone and permeability of the furnace burden, including the radial distribution of ore layer thickness. Maintaining a uniform ore/coke distribution across the furnace radius while allowing permeability in the center is important for high carbon monoxide utilization. Mathematical models have been developed to calculate the radial distribution of layer thickness ratios, void distribution, and particle size based on charging conditions and material properties.

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    The document discusses burden distribution models for bell-less top blast furnaces. It examines the factors that influence the cohesive zone and permeability of the furnace burden, including the radial distribution of ore layer thickness. Maintaining a uniform ore/coke distribution across the furnace radius while allowing permeability in the center is important for high carbon monoxide utilization. Mathematical models have been developed to calculate the radial distribution of layer thickness ratios, void distribution, and particle size based on charging conditions and material properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Burden Distribution Model For Bell-Less Top Blast Furnaces

    Uploaded by

    Hamzah Syaifullah
    The document discusses burden distribution models for bell-less top blast furnaces. It examines the factors that influence the cohesive zone and permeability of the furnace burden, including the radial distribution of ore layer thickness. Maintaining a uniform ore/coke distribution across the furnace radius while allowing permeability in the center is important for high carbon monoxide utilization. Mathematical models have been developed to calculate the radial distribution of layer thickness ratios, void distribution, and particle size based on charging conditions and material properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Burden Distribution Model for Bell-less Top Blast Furnaces

    The blast furnace, which is a counter current reactor, is controlled by several complicated
    interactions of gas flow, solid flow, heat and mass transfer. The cohesive zone at the lower
    part of the furnace is closely related to the productivity, stability and efficiency of the
    furnace. The shape of the cohesive zone is determined mainly by the radial distribution of the
    thickness of the ore layer and the burden permeability. The thinner the ore layer, the more
    rapidly the ore is heated and vice versa. Therefore, it is important to know the influence of
    burdening conditions on the radial distribution of ore layer thickness and burden
    permeability. Since coke is larger in size than ore and is about 10 times as permeable, the gas
    distribution control is attempted through control of the radial distribution of layer thickness of
    ore and coke.

    The charging patterns and the resulting burden distribution affect the gas composition and
    temperature distribution in a major way. An increase in CO percentage of top gas and a
    decrease in fuel rate will occur with expansion of the CO2 rich region to the center. For the
    purpose of high CO utilization, it is essential to have a uniform distribution of ore/coke over a
    major portion of the furnace radius, while retaining permeability in the narrow central region.
    This is achieved through sufficiently large burden particle size at the center resulting from
    size segregation, and low ore/coke ratio due to temporary fluidization at the center. The
    burden flow in the rotating chute and the formation of charge layers with their characteristic
    features of void distribution is attendant with the following aspects, which are not clearly
    understood even today.

    Friction characteristics of different charge materials


    Size segregation of material during flow along the chute
    Velocity spectrum at chute exit
    Widening of stream at the point of impact
    Percolation of finer material as it rolls over to the furnace center
    Layer compaction as the charge descends
    Scooping of coke as pellets fall on the coke layer

    The material flow from the storage hoppers to the stock line in a bell-less top charging
    equipment till it forms a stable heap on the existing stock-line are analyzed under the
    following heads:

    i) Discharge of material from the mouth of the storage hopper.


    ii) Vertical fall through the discharge tube to the chute.
    iii) Slide down of material in contact with the inner surface of the rotating chute till it
    exits from the chute.
    iv) Free fall of material into the furnace till it hits the stock-line located anywhere in the
    stack.
    v) Formation of a new profile on top of the existing stock-line, depending on the charge
    material behavior.

    Mathematical models have been developed for calculating radial distribution of ore/coke
    layer-thickness-ratio, radial void distribution and mean particle diameter distribution as

    1
    functions of the charging sequence (tilt angle, rpm, quantity and order of charging) and
    physical characteristics of the charge material like particle size distribution, density etc. The
    software has extensive graphics for visualization of the layer formation at the upper stack of
    the blast furnace.

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