IEC 60287-2-1

®
Edition 2.0 2015-04

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
This is a free 10 page sample. Access the full version online.

Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating –

Part 2-1: Thermal resistance – Calculation of thermal resistance

Câbles électriques – Calcul du courant admissible –

Partie 2-1: Résistance thermique – Calcul de la résistance thermique
IEC 60287-2-1:2015-04(en-fr)
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 IEC 60287-2-1
®
Edition 2.0 2015-04

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
This is a free 10 page sample. Access the full version online.

Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating –

Part 2-1: Thermal resistance – Calculation of thermal resistance

Câbles électriques – Calcul du courant admissible –

Partie 2-1: Résistance thermique – Calcul de la résistance thermique

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION

COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE

ICS 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2583-7

Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
 –2– IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015

CONTENTS
FOREWORD......................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 7
3 Symbols ........................................................................................................................ 7
4 Calculation of thermal resistances ................................................................................ 10
4.1 Thermal resistance of the constituent parts of a cable, T 1 , T 2 and T 3 .................. 10
4.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 10
4.1.2 Thermal resistance between one conductor and sheath T 1 ........................... 10
4.1.3 Thermal resistance between sheath and armour T 2 ...................................... 14
4.1.4 Thermal resistance of outer covering (serving) T 3 ......................................... 14
4.1.5 Pipe-type cables .......................................................................................... 15
4.2 External thermal resistance T 4 ............................................................................ 16
4.2.1 Cables laid in free air ................................................................................... 16
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4.2.2 Single isolated buried cable.......................................................................... 17

4.2.3 Groups of buried cables (not touching) ......................................................... 18
4.2.4 Groups of buried cables (touching) equally loaded ........................................ 20
4.2.5 Buried pipes ................................................................................................ 22
4.2.6 Cables in buried troughs .............................................................................. 22
4.2.7 Cables in ducts or pipes ............................................................................... 22
5 Digital calculation of quantities given graphically .......................................................... 24
5.1 General ............................................................................................................... 24
5.2 Geometric factor G for two-core belted cables with circular conductors ................. 24
5.3 Geometric factor G for three-core belted cables with circular conductors .............. 25
5.4 Thermal resistance of three-core screened cables with circular conductors
compared to that of a corresponding unscreened cable ........................................ 26
5.5 Thermal resistance of three-core screened cables with sector-shaped
conductors compared to that of a corresponding unscreened cable ...................... 26
5.6 Curve for G for obtaining the thermal resistance of the filling material
between the sheaths and armour of SL and SA type cables .................................. 27
5.7 Calculation of ∆θ s by means of a diagram ............................................................ 27
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 1 – Diagram showing a group of q cables and their reflection in the ground-air
surface ............................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 2 – Geometric factor G for two-core belted cables with circular conductors (see
4.1.2.2.2) ............................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 3 – Geometric factor G for three-core belted cables with circular conductors
(see 4.1.2.2.4) .................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 4 – Thermal resistance of three-core screened cables with circular conductors
compared to that of a corresponding unscreened cable (see 4.1.2.3.1) ................................ 35
Figure 5 – Thermal resistance of three-core screened cables with sector-shaped
conductors compared with that of a corresponding unscreened cable (see 4.1.2.3.3) ........... 36

Figure 6 – Geometric factor G for obtaining the thermal resistances of the filling
material between the sheaths and armour of SL and SA type cables (see 4.1.3.2) ................ 37
Figure 7 – Heat dissipation coefficient for black surfaces of cables in free air, laying
condition #1 to #4 ............................................................................................................... 38
 IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 –3–

Figure 8 – Heat dissipation coefficient for black surfaces of cables in free air, laying
condition #5 to #8 ............................................................................................................... 39
Figure 9 – Heat dissipation coefficient for black surfaces of cables in free air, laying
condition #9 to #10 ............................................................................................................. 40
Figure 10 – Graph for the calculation of external thermal resistance of cables in air ............. 41

Table 1 – Thermal resistivities of materials .......................................................................... 29

Table 2 – Values for constants Z, E and g for black surfaces of cables in free air ................. 30
Table 3 – Absorption coefficient of solar radiation for cable surfaces .................................... 31
Table 4 – Values of constants U, V and Y ............................................................................ 31
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 –4– IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

______________

ELECTRIC CABLES –
CALCULATION OF THE CURRENT RATING –

Part 2-1: Thermal resistance –

Calculation of thermal resistance

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60287-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20:
Electric cables.

This second edition of IEC 60287-2-1 cancels and replaces the first edition, published in
1994, Amendment 1:2001, Amendment 2:2006 and Corrigendum 1:2008. The document
20/1448/CDV, circulated to the National Committees as Amendment 3, led to the publication
of this new edition. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:

a) inclusion of a reference to the use of finite element methods where analytical methods are
not available for the calculation of external thermal resistance;
b) explanation about SL and SA type cables;
 IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 –5–

c) calculation method for T3 for unarmoured three-core cables with extruded insulation and
individual copper tape screens on each core;
d) change of condition for X in 5.4;
e) inclusion of constants or installation conditions for water filled ducts in Table 4.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

20/1561/FDIS 20/1588/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the IEC 60287 series, published under the general title Electric cables –
Calculation of the current rating, can be found on the IEC website.
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The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
 –6– IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015

INTRODUCTION

IEC 60287 has been divided into three parts so that revisions of, and additions to the
document can be carried out more conveniently.

Each part is subdivided into subparts which are published as separate standards.

Part 1: Formulae of ratings and power losses

Part 2: Formulae for thermal resistance
Part 3: Operating conditions

This part of IEC 60287-2 contains methods for calculating the internal thermal resistance of
cables and the external thermal resistance for cables laid in free air, ducts and buried.

The formulae in this standard contain quantities which vary with cable design and materials
used. The values given in the tables are either internationally agreed, for example, electrical
resistivities and resistance temperature coefficients, or are those which are generally
accepted in practice, for example, thermal resistivities and permittivities of materials. In this
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latter category, some of the values given are not characteristic of the quality of new cables
but are considered to apply to cables after a long period of use. In order that uniform and
comparable results may be obtained, the current ratings should be calculated with the values
given in this standard. However, where it is known with certainty that other values are more
appropriate to the materials and design, then these may be used, and the corresponding
current rating declared in addition, provided that the different values are quoted.

Quantities related to the operating conditions of cables are liable to vary considerably from
one country to another. For instance, with respect to the ambient temperature and soil thermal
resistivity, the values are governed in various countries by different considerations.
Superficial comparisons between the values used in the various countries may lead to
erroneous conclusions if they are not based on common criteria: for example, there may be
different expectations for the life of the cables, and in some countries design is based on
maximum values of soil thermal resistivity, whereas in others average values are used.
Particularly, in the case of soil thermal resistivity, it is well known that this quantity is very
sensitive to soil moisture content and may vary significantly with time, depending on the soil
type, the topographical and meteorological conditions, and the cable loading.

The following procedure for choosing the values for the various parameters should, therefore,
be adopted:

Numerical values should preferably be based on results of suitable measurements. Often

such results are already included in national specifications as recommended values, so that
the calculation may be based on these values generally used in the country in question; a
survey of such values is given in IEC 60287-3-1.

A suggested list of the information required to select the appropriate type of cable is given in
IEC 60287-3-1.
 IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 –7–

ELECTRIC CABLES –
CALCULATION OF THE CURRENT RATING –

Part 2-1: Thermal resistance –

Calculation of thermal resistance

1 Scope

This part of IEC 60287 is solely applicable to the conditions of steady-state operation of
cables at all alternating voltages, and direct voltages up to 5 kV, buried directly in the ground,
in ducts, in troughs or in steel pipes, both with and without partial drying-out of the soil, as
well as cables in air. The term "steady state" is intended to mean a continuous constant
current (100 % load factor) just sufficient to produce asymptotically the maximum conductor
temperature, the surrounding ambient conditions being assumed constant.
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This part of IEC 60287 provides formulae for thermal resistance.

The formulae given are essentially literal and designedly leave open the selection of certain
important parameters. These may be divided into three groups:

– parameters related to construction of a cable (for example, thermal resistivity of insulating

material) for which representative values have been selected based on published work;
– parameters related to the surrounding conditions which may vary widely, the selection of
which depends on the country in which the cables are used or are to be used;
– parameters which result from an agreement between manufacturer and user and which
involve a margin for security of service (for example, maximum conductor temperature).

Equations given in this part of IEC 60287 for calculating the external thermal resistance of a
cable buried directly in the ground or in a buried duct are for a limited number of installation
conditions. Where analytical methods are not available for calculation of external thermal
resistance finite element methods may be used. Guidance on the use of finite element
methods for calculating cable current ratings is given in IEC TR 62095.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

IEC 60287-1-1:2006, Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating – Part 1-1: Current
rating equations (100 % load factor) and calculation of losses – General
IEC 60287-1-1:2006/AMD1:2014

IEC 60853-2, Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables – Part 2:
Cyclic rating of cables greater than 18/30 (36) kV and emergency ratings for cables of all
voltages

3 Symbols

The symbols used in this part of IEC 60287 and the quantities which they represent are given
in the following list:
 –8– IEC 60287-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015

Da′ external diameter of armour mm

Dd internal diameter of duct mm
De external diameter of cable, or equivalent diameter of a group of
cores in pipe-type cable mm
De* external diameter of cable (used in 4.2.1) m
Do external diameter of duct mm
Ds external diameter of metal sheath mm
D oc the diameter of the imaginary coaxial cylinder which just touches
the crests of a corrugated sheath mm
D ot the diameter of the imaginary coaxial cylinder which would just touch the
outside surface of the troughs of a corrugated sheath = D it + 2t s mm
D ic the diameter of the imaginary cylinder which would just touch the
inside surface of the crests of a corrugated sheath = D oc – 2t s mm
D it the diameter of the imaginary cylinder which just touches the
inside surface of the troughs of a corrugated sheath mm
E constant used in 4.2.1.1
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F1 coefficient for belted cables defined in 4.1.2.2.3

F2 coefficient for belted cables defined in 4.1.2.2.6
G geometric factor for belted cables
G geometric factor for SL and SA type cables
H intensity of solar radiation (see 4.2.1.2) W/m 2
K screening factor for the thermal resistance of screened cables
KA coefficient used in 4.2.1
L depth of laying, to cable axis or centre of trefoil mm
LG distance from the soil surface to the centre of a duct bank mm
N number of loaded cables in a duct bank (see 4.2.7.4)
T1 thermal resistance per core between conductor and sheath K∙m/W
T2 thermal resistance between sheath and armour K∙m/W
T3 thermal resistance of external serving K∙m/W
T4 thermal resistance of surrounding medium (ratio of cable
surface temperature rise above ambient to the losses
per unit length) K∙m/W
T4* external thermal resistance in free air, adjusted for
solar radiation K∙m/W
T4′ thermal resistance between cable and duct (or pipe) K∙m/W
T4′′ thermal resistance of the duct (or pipe) K∙m/W
T4′′′ thermal resistance of the medium surrounding the duct (or pipe) K∙m/W
U constant used in 4.2.7.2
V constant used in 4.2.7.2
Wd dielectric losses per unit length per phase W/m
Wk losses dissipated by cable k W/m
W TOT total power dissipated in the trough per unit length W/m
Y coefficient used in 4.2.7.2
Z coefficient used in 4.2.1.1
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IEC 60287-2-1 Ed. 2.0 Electric cables - Calculation

of the current rating - Part 2-1: Thermal resistance -
Calculation of the thermal resistance
This is a free 10 page sample. Access the full version online.

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