SavitribaiPhule Pune University

A Seminar on

MOTOR OPERATED PENDULUM

PUMP
BY

MR.ANKIT MISHRA

Exam Seat No: T120670856

Guided by

Prof.H.KATE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

D.Y. Patil College of Engineering

[2017-18]
 SavitribaiPhule Pune University

DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AMBI,PUNE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.ANKIT MISHRA,has successfully completed

the seminar entitled MOTOR OPERATED PENDULUM PUMPunder
my supervision,in the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering-
Mechanical Engineering,of Savitribai phule pune University.

Date:

Place:

Prof.H. Kate Head of Department

Guide DYPCOE,AMBI

EXTERNAL Examiner Principal

DYPCOE,AMBI
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LIST OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION .(6)

2.LITERATURE REVIEW (7,8)

3.PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ..(4)

3.1 CYCLE FRAME

3.2 RECIPROCATING PUMP

3.3 SPRINGS

3.4 TENSION SPRING

3.5 COMPRESSION SPRING

3.6 NON RETURN VALVES

3.7 HOSE COLLAR

3.8 NYLON TUBES

3.9 WEIGHT HANGER

4.CREO PARAMETRIC MODEL(6)

5.WORKING PRINCIPAL..(7)

1-LOAD OF PENDULUM

2-HANDLE OF PENDULUM
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3-AXIS OF PENDULUM

4-AXIS OF TWO LEG LEVER

5-TWO LEG LEVER

6-WATER PUMP

7-PISTON OF PUMP

6.FORCE ANALYSIS OF PENDULUM.(8,9,10,11)

7.ENERGY ANALYSIS.(12,13)

8.DATA ANALYSIS ..(14,15)

9.MODEL ..(16)

10.RESULTS AND ANALYSIS (17)

4.2 ANALYSIS OF SWING OF PENDULUM (18)

4.3 ANALYSIS OF LENGTH OF PENDULUM(19)

11.(8)ADVANTAGES ..(20)

11.(9)DISADVANTAGES (21)

12(9)APPLICATION ..(21,22)

13.(10)CONCLUSION ..
(22)
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14(10).FUTURE SCOPE

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.1 CREO PARAMETRIC MODEL

FIG.2 DETAILING VIEW

FIG2.1 SCHEMETIC HAND WATER PUMP WITH

PENDULUM

FIG8.1 2D MODEL OF HAND WATER PUMP WITH

PENDULUM

FIG9.1 3D MODEL
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1. INTRODUCTION

The pendulum based hybrid water pump works on the principal of Simple Harmonic Motion.
The Simple Harmonic Motion is the motion in which restoring force is directly proportional to
the displacement. When the system is displaced from its equilibrium position, a restoring force
which resembles Hooke's law tends to restore the system to equilibrium. In this project, the
oscillatory motion of pendulum is converted into reciprocating motion. The main component of
this project are pendulum, pump, counterweights, wiper motor, battery, & solar panel.

At first, initial oscillatory motion is given to the pendulum. So pendulum will be starts
oscillating, so in order to keep the pendulum in continuous oscillatory motion the small amount
of swing is required to give the pendulum, during each oscillation. Hence, that swing is given to
pendulum by using 12V, 3A DC wiper motor. At the same time, counterweights or flywheels are
also rotated simultaneously.

The counterweights are arranged in such a way that, when one weight will come up at that time
second will be go down. Also vice-versa, so some torque will be also generated by these
counterweights. Now, the combine power produced by pendulum, electric motor &
counterweights is given to the pump through transmitting mechanism used in the system. It will
transmit this combined power to reciprocating single acting type water pump. So, by using this
power, pump will pump the water from desired head & produce particular discharge. By using
this hybrid pendulum based water pump. We can continuously pump the water upto 3 hours & 30
minutes, because battery will be gets discharged in same time.

In order to charge this 12V, 7A battery on 10W solar panel is used. It can fully charged the
battery in four hours
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2.LITERATURE REVIEW:-

This paper presents the conceptual mechanism to run the reciprocating pump by the two-stage
oscillator. Paper consists of basic concept, design of pump and two-stage oscillator mechanism
and fabrication of the model. Based on the results obtained after testing the model, it was quite
obvious that the amount of energy to be given to the system is less than the amount of energy
obtained from the system. Actually the system takes its energy from the nature i.e. gravity.

The importance of a pendulum pump which can be used as a supplementary device for pumping
water and is made to replace hand pumps. One important feature of a pump with a pendulum is
that the work is alleviated or in simple terms it makes work rather easier when is compared with
a traditional hand water pump. It is due to this underlined feature which enables the pendulum
pump to be used as an efficient mode in the irrigation of smaller lots, water-wells and can also be
used in extinguishing fires even by old people and children.

The effect of creating the free energy is defined in this study as the difference between the energy
which is the machine transfers to the user system by the lever and the energy which is input from
the environment in order to maintain the oscillation of the pendulum. Appearance of the free
energy is not in accordance with the energy conservation law. The effect of creating the free
energy results from the difference between the work of the orbital damping forces of the lever
and the work of the radial damping force of the pendulum motion. This effect enables increase of
the input energy.
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3. PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

3.1 Cycle Frame

It is the main component of the pump system and is made up of steel. The principal mechanism
used for the construction of the pendulum pump is the slider crank mechanism and the frame
converts the oscillating movement of the pendulum on one side to the reciprocating motion of
the piston to the other side. The cycle frame consists of seven rigid links which converts the
pendulum movement into the piston movement. Tension and compression springs are properly
fixed to the frame.

3.2 Reciprocating Pump

It is a positive displacement pump. It operates on the principle of actual displacement or
pushing of liquid by a piston or a plunger that executes a reciprocating motion in a closely
fitting cylinder.

3.3 Springs
The spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Here in the pendulum pump both
tension and compression springs are used. It is the function of these tension and compression
springs to stretch and compress according to the load applied.

3.4 Tension/Extension Spring

The spring is made to operate with a tension load, so that the spring stretches freely as the load is
applied to it

3.5 Compression Spring

This is made to operate with a compressive load, so that the spring gets shorter as the load is
applied to it.

3.6 Non Return Valves

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A non-return valve or a check valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid
(liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.

3.7 Hose Collar

A hose collar is used to connect a hose to any other valves or openings. Here it is used to connect
the hose to the non-return valves at the suction and delivery sides. A hose clamp or is simply
called a clip which is used to attach and seal a hose onto a fitting such as a barb or nipple.

3.8 Nylon Tubes

Nylon tubes are connected to the delivery and suction ends of the reciprocating pump for the
passage of water from the sump and the delivery tank.

3.9 Weight Hanger

The weight hanger is used to hold the weights and it is the oscillating part of the system and thus
it acts like a pendulum.

4. CREO PARAMETRIC MODEL

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FIG.1 CREO PARAMETRIC MODEL

FIG,2 DETAILING VIEW

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The parts of Hand water pump with pendulum are:
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1- Load of the pendulum,

2- Handle of the pendulum,
3- Axis of the pendulum,
4- Axis of the two-leg lever,
5- Two-leg lever,
6- Water pump,
7- Piston of the pump .

The pump is made of pendulum, two-leg lever and cylinder with the piston which pumps the
water. Oscillation of the pendulum is maintained by periodical action of the human arm.
Oscillation period of the pendulum is twice bigger than the period of the lever oscillation. Piston
of the pump has reverse effect on the lever and damps its oscillation. Damping of the lever
motion causes damping of the pendulum, but the work of the force damping the pendulum is less
than the work of the forces which damp the lever.
Equilibrium position of the lever is horizontal, and the equilibrium position of the pendulum is
vertical.

Fig 2.1 Schematic hand water pump with pendulum.

6. FORCE ANALYSIS OF A PENDULUM

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The vibrating is acted upon by a restoring force. The restoring force causes the vibrating object
to slow down as it moves away from the equilibrium position and to speed up as it approaches
the equilibrium position. It is this restoring force tha t is responsible for the vibration. So what
forces act upon a pendulum bob? And what is the restoring force for a pendulum? There are two
dominant forces acting upon a pendulum bob at all times during the course of its motion.

There is the force of gravity that acts downward upon the bob. It results from the Earth's mass
attracting the mass of the bob. And there is a tension force acting upward and towards the pivot
point of the pendulum. The tension force results from the string pulling upon the bob of the
pendulum. In our discussion, we will ignore the influence of air resistance - a third force that
always opposes the motion of the bob as it swings to and fro. The air resistance force is relatively
weak compared to the two dominant.

The gravity force is highly predictable; it is always in the same direction (down) and always
ofthe same magnitude - mass*9.8 m/s2. The tension force is considerably less predictable. Both
its direction and its magnitude change as the bob swings to and fro. The direction of the tension
force is always towards the pivot point. So as the bob swings to the left of its equilibrium
position, the tension force is at an angle - directed upwards and to the right. And as the bob
swings to the right of its equilibrium position, the tension is directed upwards and to the left. The
diagram below depicts the direction of these two forces at five different positions over the course
of the pendulum's path.

In physical situations in which the forces acting on an object are not in the same, opposite or
perpendicular directions, it is customary to resolve one or more of the forces into
components.This was the practice used in the analysis of sign hanging problems and inclined
plane problems.

Typically one or more of the forces are resolved into perpendicular components that lie along
coordinate axes that are directed in the direction of the acceleration or perpendicular to it.
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So in the case of a pendulum, it is the gravity force which gets resolved since the tension force is
already directed perpendicular to the motion. The diagram at the right shows the pendulum bob
at a position to the right of its equilibrium position and midway to the point of maximum
displacement.

A coordinate axis system is sketched on the diagram and the force of gravity is resolved into two
components that lie along these axes.

One of the components is directed tangent to the circular arc along which the pendulum bob
moves; this component is labeled Fgrav-tangent. The other component is directed perpendicular to the
arc; it is labeled Fgrav-perp.

You will notice that the perpendicular component of gravity is in the opposite direction of the
tension force. You might also notice that the tension force is slightly larger than this component
of gravity.

The fact that the tension force (Ftens) is greater than the perpendicular component of gravity
(Fgrav-perp) means there will be a net force which is perpendicular to the arc of the bob's
motion. This must be the case since we expect that objects that move along circular paths will
experience an inward or centripetal force.

The tangential component of gravity (Fgrav-tangent) is unbalanced by any other force. So there
is a net force directed along the other coordinate axes. It is this tangential component of gravity
which acts as the restoring force. As the pendulum bob moves to the right of the equilibrium
position, this force component is directed opposite its motion back towards the equilibrium
position.

The above analysis applies for a single location along the pendulum's arc. At the other locations
along the arc, the strength of the tension force will vary. Yet the process of resolving gravity into
two components along axes that are perpendicular and tangent to the arc remains the same. The
diagram below shows the results of the force analysis for several other positions.

There are a couple comments to be made. First, observe the diagram for when the bob is
displaced to its maximum displacement to the right of the equilibrium position. This is the
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position in which the pendulum bob momentarily has a velocity of 0 m/s and is changing its
direction.

The tension force (Ftens) and the perpendicular component of gravity (Fgrav-per6p) balance
each other. At this instant in time, there is no net force directed along the axis that is
perpendicular to the motion. Since the motion of the object is momentarily paused, there is no
need for a centripetal force.

Second, observe the diagram for when the bob is at the equilibrium position (the string is
completely vertical). When at this position, there is no component of force along the tangent
direction. When moving through the equilibrium position, the rest ring force is momentarily
absent.

Having been restored to the equilibrium position, there is no restoring force. The restoring force
is only needed when the pendulum bob has been displaced away from the equilibrium position.

You might also notice that the tension force (Ft ens) is greater than the perpendicular component
of gravity (Fgrav-perp) when the bob moves through this equilibrium position. Since the bob is
in motion along a circular arc, there must be a net centripetal force at this position.
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8. ENERGY ANALYSIS

The energy possessed by a pendulum bob was discussed. We will expand on that discussion here
as we make an effort to associate the motion characteristics described above with the concepts of
kinetic energy, potential energy and total mechanical energy.

The kinetic energy possessed by an object is the energy it possesses due to its motion. It is a
quantity that depends upon both mass and speed. The equation that relates kinetic energy (KE) to
mass (m) and speed (v) is
KE = mv2

The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy that it will possess. We can combine this
concept with the discussion above about how speed changes during the course of motion.

This blending of concepts would lead us to conclude that the kinetic energy of the pendulum bob
increases as the bob approaches the equilibrium position. And the kinetic energy decreases as the
bob moves further away from the equilibrium position.

The potential energy possessed by an object is the stored energy of position. Two types of
potential energy are discussed in The Physics Classroom Tutorial - gravitational potential energy
and elastic potential energy. Elastic potential energy is only present when a spring (or other
elastic medium) is compressed or stretched.

A simple pendulum does not consist of a spring. The form of potential energy possessed by a
pendulum bob is gravitational potential energy.

The amount of gravitational potential energy is dependent upon the mass (m) of the object and
the height (h) of the object. The equation for gravitational potential energy (PE) is
PE = mgh
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The height of an object is expressed relative to some arbitrarily assigned zero level. In other
words, the height must be measured as a vertical distance above some reference position. For a
pendulum bob, it is customary to call the lowest position the reference position or the zero level.

So when the bob is at the equilibrium position (the lowest position), its height is zer o and its
potential energy is 0 J. As the pendulum bob does the back and forth, there are times during
which the bob is moving away from the equilibrium position. As it does, its height is increasing
as it moves further and further away.

It reaches a maximum height as it reaches the position of maximum displacement from the
equilibrium position. As the bob moves towards its equilibrium position, it decreases its height
and decreases its potential energy.

There is an increase in potential energy to accompany this decrease in kinetic energy. Energy is
being transformed from kinetic form into potential form. Yet, the total amount of mechanical
energy is conserved. This explains principle of energy conservation
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9. DATA ANALYSIS:-
This project should be such that its operation should be simple, and its running and maintenance
expenses should be low .Its depreciation and input cost should be low. Its efficiency of pumping
water should be high with minimum amount of energy. Its construction should be easy.

It should provide better working system than any other water pumping system.
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6. MODEL:-
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Fig 8.1: 2D Model of Hand Water Pump with Pendulum (front view and side view)

Fig 9.1: 3D Model Of Hand Water Pump With Pendulum

10. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS:-

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The various parameters that determine the output discharge of the pendulum pump are analyzed
and the results are plotted. Analysis parameters include mass of pendulum, swing angle, length
of pendulum.

Here, the discharge is found out by changing the mass of the pendulum by maintaining the
maximum swing angle and maximum length of the pendulum.

Graph 1 Mass of pendulum, (m) vs Discharge

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4.2 Analysis of Swing Angle of the Pendulum

Here, the discharge is found out for various swing angles (30, 45 and 55) by changing the
mass of pendulum without changing the length of the pendulum (0.55 m).

Graph 2 Swing angle () vs Discharge

4.3 Analysis of Length of the Pendulum

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Here, the discharge is found out by varying the length of the pendulum without changing the
mass of the pendulum and the swing angle.

Implementing a pendulum pump setup which uses gravitational force only, leads to large amount
of energy conservation.

This system is more efficient, considering the minimum efforts required.

Graph 3 Length of pendulum, (l) vs Discharge

8. ADVANTAGES:-

Uses the minimum of human strength in comparison to present classic hand water pumps.
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In comparison to the hand pumps the energy required to initiate the pumping process is
significantly less for the pendulum pump.

Requires less water consumption.

Since maintaining the oscillation of the pendulum does not request any special training or
dexterity, both parts of the pump can be used to draw fluid from the source.

Compact size, easy to relocate, less moving parts, hence less maintenance cost.

9. DISADVANTAGES:-

Less efficiency when compared to other device.

Air leakage can affect the entire working of the whole unit.

As the system is purely mechanical. Hence, power losses are more.

They are in the form of frictional or wear losses.

System is noisy in operation .

9. APPLICATION:-
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Hand water pump with pendulum can be widely used in rural areas.

As the installation cost of hand water pump with pendulum is low it is useful for poor
people
.
It can be installed in all the public places.

It can be operated by children or old people as the force required by the pump is low.

The pendulum based hybrid solar water pump can be useful in the areas where electricity
is not available.

Specially in India there are still many places where electricity and drinking water systems
are not as they are in other developed countries. This pump can solve there problem of
drinking water as they can use this mechanism to pump the water under the earths
surface.

It can be also used in the areas where problem of load shading is up to 14 hours a day.

Farmers can also use this pendulum based hybrid solar water pump to pump the water for
their crops.

It can be also used to replace the conventional hand water pumps in villages & can pump
the water continuously.

10. CONCLUSION:-
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At last we can conclude that the pendulum based hybrid solar water pump is the pump Which
can continuously pump the water from desired head by utilizing combined power of Pendulum &
counter weight. The swing of pendulum is maintained by using wiper motor. It can Continuously
work up to 3.5 hours and battery charging will be carried out by using 10 watt solar panel in 4
hours. We can also conclude that it also helps to maintain environmental balance
Creating any pollution, as it uses non-conventional power source i.e. solar energy. It can surely
solve the problem of water pumping in rural or tribal areas. It will help to problem of load
shading.

10. FUTURE SCOPE:-

It can be used where the shortage of power or electricity is a major issue.

From experimentation it can be concluded that the system is practically feasible.

Implementing a pendulum pump setup which uses gravitational force only, leads to large
amount of energy conservation.

This system is more efficient, considering the minimum efforts required.

REFERENCES:-
1. Nikhade, G.R.Patil, and Bansal,2009. Two Stage Oscillator Mechanism for operating
a reciprocating pump.
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2. DebasishChatterjee, AmitPatra, Harish K Joglekar, Swing-up and stabilization of a

cart-pendulum system under restricted cart track length, 2003 (Department of
Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur).
3. Roshan Kumar, Bhushan Singh, Modelling and simulation of inverted pendulum
system using MAT Lab.
4. P. Melba Mary and N.S.Marimuthu, Minimum Time Swing Up And Stabilization Of
Rotary Inverted Pendulum Using Pulse Step Control.
5. Singh VivekkumarRadhamohan, Mona Subramaniam A, Dr. M.J.Nigam, Fuzzy
Swing-Up And Stabilization Of Real Inverted Pendulum Using Single
Rulebase,2011( Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India). Jovan Marjanovic
2011.
6. The Secret of Free Energy fromthe Pendulum. VeljkoMilkovic Research &
Development Centre, Novi Sad, Serbia: 1-12 Jovan Marjanovic 2012.
Recommendations forConstruction and Efficiency Measuring of the Two-stage
Mechanical Oscillator.VeljkoMilkovic Research &
Development Centre, Novi Sad, Serbia: 1-1.
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