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    Assessed3 PDF

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    This document outlines an assessed problem set on oscillations and waves containing 4 problems. Students are instructed to attempt all problems, showing their work neatly and logically. Solutions will be posted online one week after the submission date of May 6, 2009. Students are provided contact information for Dean McLaughlin with any queries. The first problem involves analyzing a traveling wave equation and deducing the wave speed and direction of propagation. The second problem involves deriving wavelengths of normal modes on a vibrating string and relating these to frequencies, tensions, and positions of nodes and antinodes. The third problem derives an expression for the speed of sound in gases in terms of temperature and other properties. The fourth problem involves using principles of diffraction and interference to

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    Assessed3 PDF

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    This document outlines an assessed problem set on oscillations and waves containing 4 problems. Students are instructed to attempt all problems, showing their work neatly and logically. Solutions will be posted online one week after the submission date of May 6, 2009. Students are provided contact information for Dean McLaughlin with any queries. The first problem involves analyzing a traveling wave equation and deducing the wave speed and direction of propagation. The second problem involves deriving wavelengths of normal modes on a vibrating string and relating these to frequencies, tensions, and positions of nodes and antinodes. The third problem derives an expression for the speed of sound in gases in terms of temperature and other properties. The fourth problem involves using principles of diffraction and interference to

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    This document outlines an assessed problem set on oscillations and waves containing 4 problems. Students are instructed to attempt all problems, showing their work neatly and logically. Solutions will be posted online one week after the submission date of May 6, 2009. Students are provided contact information for Dean McLaughlin with any queries. The first problem involves analyzing a traveling wave equation and deducing the wave speed and direction of propagation. The second problem involves deriving wavelengths of normal modes on a vibrating string and relating these to frequencies, tensions, and positions of nodes and antinodes. The third problem derives an expression for the speed of sound in gases in terms of temperature and other properties. The fourth problem involves using principles of diffraction and interference to

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    178 views2 pages

    Assessed3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Daniela
    This document outlines an assessed problem set on oscillations and waves containing 4 problems. Students are instructed to attempt all problems, showing their work neatly and logically. Solutions will be posted online one week after the submission date of May 6, 2009. Students are provided contact information for Dean McLaughlin with any queries. The first problem involves analyzing a traveling wave equation and deducing the wave speed and direction of propagation. The second problem involves deriving wavelengths of normal modes on a vibrating string and relating these to frequencies, tensions, and positions of nodes and antinodes. The third problem derives an expression for the speed of sound in gases in terms of temperature and other properties. The fourth problem involves using principles of diffraction and interference to

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    of 2

    PHY-10012 OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

    ASSESSED PROBLEM SET 3


    ISSUED 25 March 2009
    TO BE SUBMITTED 5:00 PM, 06 May 2009

    There are 4 problems in total. Attempt all problems, showing all your work
    neatly and in logical order.

    Solutions will be posted online one week after the submission date, i.e., on
    12 May 2009.

    Any queries, contact Dean McLaughlin


    room: Lennard-Jones 1.49
    phone: (01782) 73 4113
    email: dem@astro.keele.ac.uk

    1. A travelling wave is described by


    y(x, t) = 0.2 ex3t sin(x + 3t)
    for x and y measured in centimetres and t in seconds.
    (a) Show explicitly that y(x, t) satisfies the one-dimensional wave equation. Deduce the
    wave speed from this. What is the direction of propagation? [6 points]
    (b) Use the work from part (a) to show that the equation of motion at any fixed x is
    2 y/ t2 + 6 y/ t + 18 y = 0
    Thus, what kind of oscillation is associated with the wave? [4 points]

    2. A string of length L and total mass M is under a tension F . One end of it is fixed in
    place at x = 0, while the other end is free to move up and down at x = L.
    (a) Starting from the standard form of y(x, t) for a harmonic standing wave, derive the
    wavelengths of the normal modes on this string: n = 4L/n. State clearly what values
    of n are allowed. [Hint: x = 0 is a node but x = L is an antinode.] Obtain the normal-
    mode frequencies fn in terms of L, M , F , and n , and write the full wavefunctions
    in these terms (for arbitrary amplitude A). Sketch the first two allowed harmonics,
    indicating the positions of all nodes and antinodes. [6 points]

    [continued on reverse . . . ]

    1
    (b) With L = 2 m and M = 8 g, the string supports the standing wave
    y(x, t) = 0.03 sin(3.25 x) cos(162.5 t)
    for x and y measured in metres and t in seconds. Find (i) the value of n for this
    particular harmonic ; (ii) the tension in the string. [4 points]

    q
    3. The speed of longitudinal waves (sound) in a gas is given by v = B/ , where the bulk
    modulus is defined as B V dP/dV , and the mass density is equal to the average
    molecule mass hmi (in units of kg) times the number density of molecules N/V .
    (a) If the fluctuations in the wave are adiabatic, so that P V = constant , prove that
    B = P . Then assume an ideal-gas equation of state to obtain a formula for the
    sound speed in terms of , hmi, temperature T , and Boltzmanns constant, k.
    [6 points]
    (b) Use the formula from part (a) to predict the speed of sound in (i) air (composition
    80% N2 and 20% O2 ) at room temperature, T = 293 K ; (ii) a cloud of molecular
    hydrogen (H2 ) in interstellar space, at temperature T = 10 K. [4 points]

    [The ratio of specific heats for a diatomic ideal gas is = 7/5 .]

    4. (a) [Refer to Benson, Chapter 37.3] Monochromatic light illuminates two slits separated
    by 1.2 mm, creating a fringe pattern on a screen 3.6 m from the slits. The distance
    between the third and sixth dark fringes on the screen is 5.3 mm. What is the
    wavelength of the light? [5 points]

    (b) [Refer to Benson, Chapter 38.2] The width of each slit in part (a) is a = 0.15 mm.
    What is the width of the central diffraction maximum on the screen, and how many
    bright fringes (i.e., interference maxima) are contained within it? [5 points]

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