D

Service Manual
Trucks
28, 36, 43
Group
Fault Code Guide
2007 Emissions
VN, VHD VERSION2, VT

PV776-20180137
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting
Engine ECU, Fault Tracing
The Premium Tech Tool (PTT) is the preferred tool for
performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer
for more information.

The control units on the information link communicate

according to the SAE J1587 standard. The standard
has been extended with Volvos own supplement
(PPID, PSID). The fault codes set by the control units
contain information that is described by the following
abbreviations.

MID Message Identification Description: SID Subsystem Identification Description:

Identification of a control unit. Identification of a component.

PID Parameter Identification Description: PSID Proprietary Subsystem Identification

Identification of a parameter (value). Description Volvo:
Unique identification of a component.
PPID Proprietary Parameter Identification
Description Volvo: FMI Failure Mode Identifier:
Unique identification of a parameter Identification of fault types.
(value).

FMI Table
FMI Display Text SAE Text
0 Value to high Data valid, but above the normal working range
1 Value too low Data valid, but below the normal working range
2 Incorrect data Intermittent or incorrect data
3 Electrical fault Abnormally high voltage or short circuit to higher voltage
4 Electrical fault Abnormally low voltage or short circuit to lower voltage
5 Electrical fault Abnormally low current or open circuit
6 Electrical fault Abnormally high current or short circuit to ground
7 Mechanical fault Incorrect response from a mechanical system
8 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal frequency
9 Communication fault Abnormal update rate
10 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormally strong vibrations
11 Unknown fault Non-identifiable fault
12 Component fault Faulty unit or component
13 Incorrect calibration Calibration values outside limits
14 Unknown fault Special instructions
15 Unknown fault Reserved for future use

Note: When performing diagnostic test on intermittent

faults, gently wiggle the wires and connectors to help find
the intermittent faults.

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Engine ECU, Fault Tracing

PID
MID 128 PID 26 Fan Speed Percent page 16
MID 128 PID 45 Preheater Relay page 16
MID 128 PID 81 Particulate Filter page 17
MID 128 PID 84 Vehicle Speed page 17
MID 128 PID 85 Cruise Control Status page 17
MID 128 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position page 18
MID 128 PID 94 Fuel Delivery Pressure page 18
MID 128 PID 97 Water in Fuel Indicator page 19
MID 128 PID 98 Engine Oil Level page 19
MID 128 PID 100 Engine Oil Pressure page 20
MID 128 PID 102 Intake Manifold Pressure page 21
MID 128 PID 103 Turbo Speed page 22
MID 128 PID 105 Intake Manifold Temperature page 23
MID 128 PID 108 Atmospheric Pressure page 24
MID 128 PID 110 Coolant Temperature page 25
MID 128 PID 111 Coolant Level page 26
MID 128 PID 153 Crankcase Pressure page 27
MID 128 PID 171 Ambient Temperature page 28
MID 128 PID 173 Exhaust Temperature page 28
MID 128 PID 175 Engine Oil Temperature page 29
MID 128 PID 354 Relative Humidity page 30
MID 128 PID 411 EGR Exhaust Back Pressure page 31
MID 128 PID 412 EGR Temperature page 32

PPID
MID 128 PPID 35 EGR Mass Flow page 33
MID 128 PPID 89 Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart Remote Actuator Temperature page 33
MID 128 PPID 122 Engine Compression Brake page 34
MID 128 PPID 270 NOx Sensor page 35
MID 128 PPID 326 Soot Level page 36
MID 128 PPID 272 Air Pressure Compensation page 36
MID 128 PPID 328 Aftertreatment Injection Shutoff Valve page 37
MID 128 PPID 329 Aftertreatment Fuel Injector page 37
MID 128 PPID 330 DRV page 38
MID 128 PPID 337 Ash Level page 39
MID 128 PPID 387 Temperature Sensor, Catalytic Converter page 39
MID 128 PPID 436 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 3 page 40
MID 128 PPID 437 Aftertreatment Injector Fuel Pressure Sensor page 41

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

PSID
MID 128 PSID 47 Particulate Trap Regeneration page 42
MID 128 PSID 98 Boost Air System page 42
MID 128 PSID 108 Aftertreatment Injection System page 43
MID 128 PSID 109 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor page 44

SID
MID 128 SID 1/2/3/4/5/6 Unit Injector page 45
MID 128 SID 18 Drain Valve, Water Separator page 46
MID 128 SID 21 Engine Position Timing Sensor page 47
MID 128 SID 22 Engine Speed Sensor page 48
MID 128 SID 27 Variable Geometry Turbocharger page 49
MID 128 SID 33 Fan Control page 50
MID 128 SID 70 Preheater Element 1 page 50
MID 128 SID 71 Preheater Element 2 page 51
MID 128 SID 146 EGR Valve 1 page 51
MID 128 SID 211 5 Volt DC Supply page 52
MID 128 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1 page 52
MID 128 SID 232 5 Volt DC Supply to Sensor page 53

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 26 Fan Speed Percent

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Missing signal Higher fuel Cooling Fan Speed (CFS) sensor
normal or shorted from Fan Speed consumption failure
to high Sensor Will work as Faulty Cooling Fan Speed (CFS)
Short Circuit +, on/off fan, sensor harness
Measuring line 100%fan speed
Short Circuit -, if cooling is
Measuring line needed
Open Circuit,
Measuring line
Open Circuit,
Ground line

MID 128 PID 45 Preheater Relay

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit +, Preheat relay not Preheat relay solenoid shorted
normal or shorted Measuring line activated
to high White smoke for
cold start
Start problems in
cold climate
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, Induction air is Faulty harness
normal or shorted Measuring line hot
low
Preheat relay
is impossible to
turn off
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit Preheat relay not Faulty Preheat relay
normal or open activated Faulty harness
circuit White smoke for
cold start
Start problems in
cold climate

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 81 Particulate Filter

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Moderately high Engine derate Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)
above normal pressure Malfunction Sensor failure
operational indicator lamp
range-most severe illuminated
level
FMI 2
Data erratic, Sensor is not Malfunction Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)
intermittent or rational indicator lamp Sensor failure
incorrect illuminated
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to battery Malfunction Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)
normal or shorted on the metering indicator lamp Sensor failure
high side illuminated Faulty Particulate Trap Pressure
Open in the (PTP) Sensor connector
ground line Faulty harness
FMI 5
Current below Open in 5 volt Malfunction Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)
normal or open supply line indicator lamp Sensor failure
Short to ground illuminated Faulty harness
in metering line
Open in metering
line
FMI 12
Bad intelligent Particulate Trap Engine derate Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is
device or Pressure (PTP) damaged, filled with soot or missing
component Sensor signal
high or low but
still within range

MID 128 PID 84 Vehicle Speed

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Missing signal Engine derate J1708 vehicle speed message does
rate from VECU not exist, (VECU error)

MID 128 PID 85 Cruise Control Status

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Missing (Cruise Cruise Control No clutch info to EMS (J1939)
rate Control) signal does not work
from VECU

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Missing signal N/A J1708 pedal information not
rate from VECU available

MID 128 PID 94 Fuel Delivery Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Pressure critically EMS module Rough idle A clogged fuel filter
low detects a low fuel Uneven running Fuel leaking from a fuel line or fitting
pressure reading Engine derate Poor fuel pump pressure
Low fuel level
FMI 3
Voltage high/open Low Fuel Engine derate Damaged contacts in harness
Pressure (FP) Malfunction Faulty Fuel Pressure (FP) sensor
Sensor signal indicator lamp Open circuit.
line voltage illuminated
FMI 5
Current low/open Low Fuel Engine derate Damaged contacts in harness
Pressure (FP) Malfunction Faulty Fuel Pressure (FP) sensor
Sensor signal indicator lamp
line voltage illuminated
FMI 7
Current low/open Drop in fuel Engine derate Clogged fuel filter
pressure Malfunction Leaking fuel line or fitting
indicator lamp Poor fuel pump response
illuminated

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 97 Water in Fuel Indicator

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage high/open N/A Undetected Open circuit
water in fuel
supply
Uneven running
Malfunction
indicator lamp
illuminated
FMI 4
Voltage low N/A Undetected Short to ground
water in fuel Open circuit
supply Faulty sensor
Uneven running
Malfunction
indicator lamp
illuminated

MID 128 PID 98 Engine Oil Level

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but Moderately N/A Low oil level Leakage
below normal below range Critically low oil level Leakage
operational range Critically below
range
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit - Oil level can not Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensor
normal or shorted Positive side be measured failure
low Faulty harness
FMI 5
Current below Short Circuit +, Oil level can not Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensor
normal or open Positive side be measured failure
circuit Open Circuit +, Faulty harness
Positive side
Open Circuit-
Negative side

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 100 Engine Oil Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but Critically below Engine derate Oil leakage
below normal range Low pressure Broken oil pump
operational range Clogged oil system
FMI 3
Voltage below Short Circuit +, Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal or shorted Measuring line shows 0 in the failure
low Open Circuit, cluster, engine is Faulty harness
Ground line running
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit +, Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal or open 5V Supply line shows 0 in the failure
circuit Short Circuit -, cluster, engine is Faulty harness
Measuring line running
Open Circuit,
Measuring line

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 102 Intake Manifold Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Intake Manifold Engine derate Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT)
above normal Pressure Sensor Malfunction actuator stuck
operational range output is high indicator lamp Faulty Intake Manifold Pressure
Intake Manifold illuminated Sensor harness
Pressure is Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
indicating an failure
unphysical value
FMI 1
Data valid but Intake Manifold Engine derate Intermittent fault in the Intake
below normal Pressure Sensor Malfunction Manifold Pressure Sensor harness
operational range is indicating an indicator lamp Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector
unphysical value illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 2
Data erratic, Intake Manifold Engine derate Intermittent fault in the Intake
intermittent or Pressure Sensor Malfunction Manifold Pressure Sensor harness
incorrect output is too high indicator lamp Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector
or too low illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 3
Voltage above A short to battery Engine derate Intermittent fault in the Intake
normal or shorted in the metering Malfunction Manifold Pressure Sensor harness
to high source circuit indicator lamp Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector
An open in illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
the ground failure
circuit of the
Intake Manifold
Pressure Sensor
FMI 5
Current below A short to ground Engine derate Intermittent fault in the Intake
normal or open in the harness Malfunction Manifold Pressure Sensor harness
circuit An open in the 5 indicator lamp Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector
volt supply circuit illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
An open in the failure
metering circuit
FMI 11
Root cause not Intake Manifold Engine derate Faulty Intake Manifold Pressure
known (Data Pressure Sensor Malfunction Sensor harness
Incorrect) output is too high indicator lamp Inlet air leakage
or low illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 103 Turbo Speed

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Turbocharger Engine derate Miss detection
above normal speed is at least Malfunction Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor harness
operational range 25% greater than indicator lamp Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor
the target wheel illuminated connector
speed for the Turbo Speed Sensor failure
measured boost
FMI 1
Data valid but Turbocharger Engine derate Miss detection
below normal speed is at least Malfunction Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor harness
operational range 25% less than indicator lamp Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor
the target wheel illuminated connector
speed for the Turbo Speed Sensor failure
measured boost
FMI 9
Abnormal update A fault is logged if Engine derate Communication fault in the metering
rate (missing the Turbo Speed Malfunction line of the Turbo Speed Sensor
sensor signal) Sensor signal is indicator lamp circuit
lost illuminated Short to ground in the metering line
of the Turbo Speed Sensor circuit
An open in the metering line of the
Turbo Speed Sensor circuit

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 105 Intake Manifold Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but The Intake Engine derate Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
above normal Manifold Malfunction Sensor or Engine Management
operational range Temperature indicator lamp System (EMS) Module connector
Sensor is illuminated Temperature Sensor harness
indicating an Malfunction Intake Manifold
unphysical value Temperature Sensor
FMI 1
Data valid but The Boost Minor engine Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
below normal Temperature derate Sensor or Engine Management
operational range Sensor is Malfunction System (EMS) Module connector
indicating an indicator lamp Break in the Intake Manifold
unphysical value illuminated Temperature Sensor harness
Malfunction Intake Manifold
Temperature Sensor
FMI 2
Data erratic, The Intake Engine derate Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
intermittent or Manifold Malfunction Sensor or Engine Management
incorrect Temperature indicator lamp System (EMS) Module connector
Sensor output is illuminated Break in the Intake Manifold
too high or too Temperature Sensor harness
low Malfunction Intake Manifold
Temperature Sensor
FMI 4
Voltage below N/A Difficult to start Short circuit
normal or shorted in cold climates Intermittent fault in the Intake
low Engine derate Manifold Temperature Sensor
Malfunction harness
indicator lamp Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
illuminated Sensor connector
Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
failure
FMI 5
Current below A short to battery Difficult to start A short circuit in the metering circuit
normal or open An open in the 5 in cold climates Intermittent fault in the Intake
circuit volt supply circuit Engine derate Manifold Temperature Sensor
Malfunction harness
indicator lamp Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
illuminated Sensor connector
Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
failure
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of The Boost Engine derate Faulty Intake Manifold Temperature
change Temperature Malfunction Sensor harness
Senor output indicator lamp Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
is showing a illuminated failure
constant value

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 108 Atmospheric Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Atmospheric Minor engine Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
intermittent or Pressure Sensor derate Faulty Engine Management System
incorrect output is too (EMS) Module
high or too low
(abnormal value)
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to battery N/A Internal fault in the Engine
normal or shorted on the metering Management System (EMS) Module
to high source side Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
FMI 4
Voltage below A short to ground N/A Internal fault in the Engine
normal or shorted on the metering Management System (EMS) Module
to low source side Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 110 Coolant Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but The Engine Malfunction Extreme driving condition
above normal Coolant indicator lamp Faulty coolant thermostat
operational range Temperature illuminated Malfunctioning fan
(ECT) Sensor Blocked radiator
is indicating an
unphysical value
FMI 2
Data erratic, The Engine May affect Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
intermittent or Coolant driveability in (ECT) Sensor or Engine
incorrect Temperature extreme cases Management System (EMS)
(ECT) Sensor Malfunction Module connector
output is too high indicator lamp Break in Engine Coolant
or too low illuminated Temperature (ECT) Sensor
harness
Malfunctioning Engine Coolant
Temperature (ECT) Sensor
FMI 4
Voltage below N/A Difficult to start Internal fault in the Engine Coolant
normal or shorted in cold climates Temperature (ECT) Sensor harness
low Idle run Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
regulation is (ECT) Sensor connector
deteriorated Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
Malfunction (ECT) Sensor
indicator lamp
illuminated
FMI 5
Current below N/A Difficult to start An open in the Engine Coolant
normal or open in cold climates Temperature (ECT) Sensor circuit
circuit Idle run An open in the Engine Coolant
regulation is Temperature (ECT) Sensor
deteriorated Intermittent fault in the Engine
Malfunction Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
indicator lamp Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
illuminated (ECT) Sensor connector
Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
(ECT) Sensor
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of The Engine May affect Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature
change Coolant vehicle (ECT) Sensor harness
Temperature driveability Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
(ECT) Sensor Sensor failure
output is showing
a constant value

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 111 Coolant Level

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but Moderately Engine derate Coolant level below range
below normal below range Faulty harness
operational range Critically below Engine shutdown
range
Short Circuit -,
Measuring line
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit + Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal or shorted Measuring line not be detected
to high source
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal or shorted Measuring line not be detected
low
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal or open not be detected
circuit

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 153 Crankcase Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Out of range, Forced idle The non-filtered pressure difference
above normal max voltage, Engine shut (between crankcase pressure and
operational range illegal down ambient air pressure) is/was above
Critically Above limit. (The fault code will remain
Range during the entire driving cycle
(unless reset)
FMI 1
Data valid but Out of range, min N/A Crankcase Pressure Sensor out of
below normal voltage, illegal range
operational range
FMI 2
Data erratic, Plausibility N/A The crankcase pressure is showing
intermittent or either too high or too low value
incorrect (abnormal value)
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit +, N/A Crankcase Pressure Sensor failure
normal or shorted Measuring line Faulty harness
to high source Open Circuit,
Ground line
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit +, N/A Crankcase Pressure Sensor failure
normal or open 5V Supply Line Faulty harness
circuit Short Circuit -,
Measuring line
Open Circuit,
Measuring line

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 171 Ambient Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal Update This fault will Malfunction Faulty Ambient Air Temperature
Rate become active indicator lamp Sensor harness
when the Engine illuminated
Management
System (EMS)
Module detects
that the Ambient
Air Temperature
message from
the Instrument
Cluster Module
does not exist.

MID 128 PID 173 Exhaust Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Exhaust Gas Engine derate Faulty Exhaust Gas Temperature
above normal Temperature is Poor driveability (EGT) system
operational range too high Faulty harness or connector
most severe
level
FMI 2
Data erratic, Sensor is not Poor driveability Harness connected to incorrect
intermittent or rational sensor
incorrect Sensor failure
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Poor driveability Sensor failure
normal or shorted on the metering Faulty harness
low side of the circuit
FMI 5
Current below Short to battery Poor driveability Faulty harness
normal or open on the metering Sensor failure
circuit side of the circuit
Open in the
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of Sensor is stuck Poor driveability Sensor failure
change

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 175 Engine Oil Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Moderately Engine derate Extreme driving conditions
above normal Above range
operational range Critically Above
Range
FMI 2
Data erratic, Plausibility In some cases The oil temperature sensor output
intermittent or may have is showing either too high or to low
incorrect an effect on value (abnormal value)
driveability
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, N/A Engine Oil Temperature (EOT)
normal or shorted Measuring line sensor failure
low Faulty harness
FMI 5
Current below Short Circuit +, N/A Engine Oil Temperature (EOT)
normal or open Measuring line sensor failure
circuit Open Circuit Faulty harness

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 354 Relative Humidity

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to battery Turbocharger Faulty connector
normal or shorted in the metering noise Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
to high source circuit of Malfunction harness
the Relative indicator lamp Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
Humidity Sensor illuminated
Open in the
ground circuit
of the Relative
Humidity Sensor
FMI 5
Current below Open in the Turbocharger Faulty connector
normal or open metering circuit noise Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
circuit of the Relative Malfunction harness
Humidity Sensor indicator lamp Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
Open in the 5 illuminated
volt supply circuit
of the Relative
Humidity Sensor
Short to ground
in the metering
circuit of
the Relative
Humidity Sensor

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PID 411 EGR Exhaust Back Pressure

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, EGR differential Uneven running Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
intermittent or pressure sensor Engine derate Sensor connector
incorrect output is too high Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
or too low Sensor harness
Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
Sensor
EGR leakage
Clogged EGR cooler
Clogged EGR venturi
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to battery Engine responds Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
normal or shorted in metering line poorly Sensor connector
to high source Open in the Engine derate Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
ground circuit Sensor harness
Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
Sensor
FMI 5
Current below Open in the 5 volt Engine responds Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
normal or open supply line poorly Sensor connector
circuit Short to ground Engine derate Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
in metering line Sensor harness
Open in the Faulty EGR Differential Pressure
metering line Sensor

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MID 128 PID 412 EGR Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but N/A Malfunction Extreme driving conditions
above normal indicator lamp EGR cooler failure
operational range illuminated
most severe
level
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Engine responds Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
normal or shorted on the metering poorly connector
low side of the EGR Engine power Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
Sensor circuit will be derated harness
according to the Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
error torque map
FMI 5
Current below Short to battery Engine responds Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
normal or open in the metering poorly connector
circuit side of the EGR Engine derate Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
Sensor circuit harness
Open in the Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
metering side of
the EGR Sensor
circuit
Open circuit in
the ground line of
the EGR Sensor
circuit
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of EGR sensor Malfunction Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
change is showing a indicator lamp connector
constant value illuminated Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
that will not harness
change EGR system leakage

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 35 EGR Mass Flow

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but EGR flow is too Poor driveability Faulty EGR system
above normal high Faulty harness or connector
operational range
most severe
level
FMI 1
Data valid but EGR flow is too Poor driveability Faulty EGR system
below normal low Clogged EGR cooler
operational range Faulty harness or connector
most severe
level

MID 128 PPID 89 Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart Remote

Actuator Temperature
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but VGT SRA Engine derate Coolant system malfunction
above normal temperature is Extreme driving conditions
operational moderately too Overheated VGT actuator
range-most severe high
level

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 122 Engine Compression Brake

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but Below range No Volvo Low engine oil temperature
above normal Compression
operational range Brake (VCB)
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit + Volvo Faulty Volvo Compression Brake
normal or shorted Compression (VCB) actuator
to high source Brake (VCB) can Faulty harness
not be turned on
Engine brake
function derated
Gear shift
performance
derated for
some automatic
transmission
boxes
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit - Volvo Faulty Volvo Compression Brake
normal or shorted Compression (VCB) actuator
low Brake (VCB) can Faulty harness
not be turned off
Engine stops
running
Engine
impossible to
restart
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit Volvo Faulty Volvo Compression Brake
normal or open Compression (VCB) actuator
circuit Brake (VCB) can Faulty harness
not be turned on
Engine brake
function derated
Gear shift
performance
derated for
some automatic
transmission
boxes

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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 270 NOx Sensor

MID 233 Fault code sent by MID 128 Engine
control unit.
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Removed Malfunction NOx sensor removed (measures
intermittent or Plausibility indicator lamp surround air)
incorrect illuminated Exhaust system leakage
Air intake leakage
Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit, N/A Faulty cabling between NOx sensor
normal or shorted NOx signal and NOx sensor ECU
to high source Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit, N/A Faulty cabling between NOx sensor
normal or open NOx signal and NOx sensor ECU
circuit Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 9
Abnormal update Abnormal update N/A Missing signal from NOx sensor
rate (missing
sensor signal
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of Stuck N/A Exhaust system leakage
change Air intake leakage
Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 12
Bad Intelligent Incorrect value N/A Faulty NOx sensor
Device or
Component
FMI 13
Out of calibration Range check N/A Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 14
Special Missing signal N/A Voltage to NOx sensor is too high
instructions from sensor due
to battery voltage

35
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 272 Air Pressure Compensation

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit - Possible turbo Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
normal or shorted noise Humidity (IATH) sensor
to low source Faulty harness
Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
Humidity (IATH) sensor connector
FMI 5
Current below Short Circuit + Possible turbo Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
normal or open Open Circuit noise Humidity (IATH) sensor
circuit Faulty harness
Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
Humidity (IATH) sensor connector

MID 128 PPID 326 Soot Level

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Moderately high Medium to high Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
above normal soot load engine derate clogged
operational range After Treatment Fuel Injector
clogged
Regeneration disabled by driver or
other component
FMI 11
Critically high soot Critically high High engine Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
load soot load derate clogged
Engine derate After Treatment Fuel Injector
clogged
Regeneration disabled by driver or
other component

36
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 328 Aftertreatment Injection Shutoff Valve

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Circuit shorted to Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or shorted battery indicator lamp Actuator failure
to high source illuminated
FMI 4
Voltage below Circuit shorted to Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or shorted ground indicator lamp Actuator failure
low illuminated
FMI 5
Current below Open circuit Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or open indicator lamp Actuator failure
circuit illuminated
FMI 7
Mechanical system After Treatment Malfunction Shut off valve stuck closed
not responding or Fuel Injector indicator lamp
out of adjustment stuck closed illuminated
FMI 14
Special After Treatment Malfunction After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
instructions Fuel Injector indicator lamp
leaking illuminated

MID 128 PPID 329 Aftertreatment Fuel Injector

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Circuit shorted to Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or shorted battery indicator lamp Injector failure
to high source illuminated
FMI 4
Voltage below Circuit shorted to Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or shorted ground indicator lamp Injector failure
low illuminated
FMI 5
Current below Open circuit Malfunction Faulty harness
normal or open indicator lamp Injector failure
circuit illuminated
FMI 7
Mechanical system After treatment Malfunction After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
not responding or fuel injector indicator lamp
out of adjustment clogged illuminated
FMI 14
Special After Treatment Malfunction After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
instructions Fuel Injector indicator lamp
leaking illuminated

37
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 330 DRV

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short circuit + On/off valve cant Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
normal or shorted be activated (DRV) Solenoid
to high source Regeneration Faulty harness
not possible Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
High engine (DRV) Solenoid connector
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
FMI 4
Voltage below Short circuit- Valve constantly Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
normal or shorted activated (DRV) Solenoid
low Major engine Faulty harness
derate Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
Exhaust manifold (DRV) Solenoid connector
overheating
Engine shut
down
FMI 5
Current below Open circuit On/off valve cant Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
normal or open be activated (DRV) Solenoid
circuit Regeneration Faulty harness
not possible Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
High engine (DRV) Solenoid connector
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
FMI 7
Mechanical system Mechanically On/off valve cant Leaking pipes
not responding or Stuck be activated Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
out of adjustment Regeneration (DRV) Solenoid
not possible
High engine
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
Valve constantly
activated
Major engine
derate
Exhaust manifold
overheating
Engine shut
down

38
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 337 Ash Level

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Ash level too high Need service Short intervals between filter
above normal regenerations
operational range

MID 128 PPID 387 Temperature Sensor, Catalytic Converter

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Sensor is not Poor driveability Harness connected to incorrect
intermittent or rational sensor
incorrect Sensor failure
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Poor driveability Faulty harness
normal or shorted on the metering Sensor failure
low side of the circuit
FMI 5
Current below Short to battery Poor driveability Faulty harness
normal or open on the metering Actuator failure
circuit side of the circuit
Open in the
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of Sensor is stuck Poor driveability Sensor failure
change

39
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 436 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 3

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Sensor is not Poor driveability Harness connected to incorrect
intermittent or rational sensor
incorrect Sensor failure
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Poor driveability Faulty harness
normal or shorted on the metering Sensor failure
low side of the circuit
FMI 5
Current below Short to battery Poor driveability Faulty harness
normal or open on the metering Actuator failure
circuit side of the circuit
Open in the
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of Sensor is stuck Poor driveability Sensor failure
change

40
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PPID 437 Aftertreatment Injector Fuel Pressure Sensor

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Sensor is not N/A Faulty shut off valve
intermittent or rational Sensor failure
incorrect
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to battery N/A Faulty harness
normal or shorted on the metering Sensor failure
to high source side
Open in the
ground line
FMI 5
Current below Open circuit in N/A Faulty harness
normal or open the 5 volt supply Sensor Failure
circuit Short circuit to
ground in the
metering line
Open circuit in
the metering line
FMI 10
Abnormal rate of After treatment N/A Sensor
change injector fuel Faulty shut off valve
pressure sensor Injector failure
stuck

41
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PSID 47 Particulate Trap Regeneration

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Plausability, too Regeneration Faulty After Treatment Injector
above normal high not possible
operational range
FMI 1
Data valid but Plausability, too Regeneration Faulty After Treatment Injector
below normal low not possible Faulty Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
operational range catalyst
FMI 8
Abnormal Regeneration N/A N/A
frequency, pulse period too long
width or period
FMI 12
Bad Intelligent Regeneration N/A Clogged After Treatment Injector
Device or efficiency too low Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
Component catalyst damaged
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
catalyst clogged

MID 128 PSID 98 Boost Air System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Boost pressure Turbocharger EGR system failure
above normal is too high surge Faulty turbocharger actuator
operational range
most severe
level
FMI 1
Data valid but Boost pressure Engine derate Faulty Boost Air System hoses,
below normal is too low Engine slow to pipes, brackets, cooler, EGR system
operational range respond components and turbo components
most severe
level

42
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PSID 108 Aftertreatment Injection System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system Mechanical Regeneration Faulty After Treatment Injection (ATI)
not responding, or problem not possible system
out of adjustment Engine derate
Engine shut
down

43
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 PSID 109 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Thermostat This fault will Malfunction Thermostat Blocked Closed
blocked closed become active indicator lamp Faulty radiator fan
when the Engine illuminated Clogged radiator
Management
System (EMS)
Module detects
that the
Engine Coolant
Temperature
(ECT) Sensor
output is high but
still with in the
acceptable range
for the sensor.
The Coolant
Temperature
Sensor is
indicating a
high coolant
temperature.
FMI 12
Thermostat This fault will Poor heat in cab Thermostat Blocked Open
blocked open become active Malfunction
when the Engine indicator lamp
Management illuminated
System (EMS)
Module detects
that the
Engine Coolant
Temperature
(ECT) Sensor
output is low but
still with in the
acceptable range
for the sensor.

44
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 1/2/3/4/5/6 Unit Injector

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage high/open EMS module Loss of power Open circuit
detects a short Uneven running
circuit to battery Running on 3 to
on the low side 5 cylinders
of the Spill Valve Malfunction
(SV)/Needle indicator lamp
Control Valve illuminated
(NCV).
FMI 5
Current below EMS detects a Loss of power Harness shorted or open
normal or open short circuit to Uneven running Faulty fuel injector solenoid
circuit battery positive, Running on 3 to
a short circuit 5 cylinders
to ground, or an Malfunction
open circuit on indicator lamp
the high side of illuminated
the SV/Needle
Control Valve
(NCV) or a Short
Circuit to ground
on the low side of
the SV/NCV.
FMI 7
Mechanical system Cylinder Erratic engine Clogged fuel injector(s)
not responding balancing data is idle speed Low fuel pressure
above the limit Poor Compression
Improper valve adjustment
FMI 12
Failed Device Injector or Loss of power Injector solenoid resistance out of
(Low injector hold harness Uneven running specification
current) resistance too Malfunction Harness resistance too high
high indicator lamp
illuminated
FMI 14
Special Fuel injector flow Loss of power Low injector flow
instructions is too low or high. Uneven running High injector flow
Cylinder Malfunction Poor compression
compression indicator lamp
is low. illuminated

45
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 18 Drain Valve, Water Separator

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit + Valve constantly Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) Solenoid
normal or shorted Measuring line shut Valve
to high source Broken wire
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, High fuel Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) Solenoid
normal or shorted Measuring line consumption due Valve
low to fuel leakage Broken wire
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit Valve constantly Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) Solenoid
normal or open shut Valve
circuit Broken wire

46
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 21 Engine Position Timing Sensor

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Phase Error Increased fuel Faulty connector
intermittent or - Incorrect consumption Faulty Engine Position Timing
incorrect correlation Sensor harness
between CAM Faulty Engine Position Timing
and Crank Sensor
Sensor Improper air gap
FMI 3
Voltage above Missing Signal Increased Faulty Engine Position Timing
normal, or shorted from Engine engine start time Sensor harness
to high source Position Timing Loss of engine
Sensor power
Open in the
Engine Position
Timing Sensor
Circuit
Short to battery
in the Engine
Position Timing
Sensor Circuit
Short to ground
in the Engine
Position Timing
Sensor Circuit
FMI 8
Abnormal Noisy Signal Increased Faulty Engine Position Timing
frequency, pulse from Engine engine start time Sensor harness
width or period Position Timing Loss of engine Faulty Engine Position Timing
Sensor power Sensor mounting
Open in the
Engine Position
Timing Sensor
Circuit

47
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 22 Engine Speed Sensor

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Intermittent or Increased fuel Faulty connector
intermittent or weak signal consumption Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
incorrect Imprecise engine harness
timing Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
Increased fuel Improper air gap
consumption
Uneven cylinder
balancing
Power loss
Smoke
FMI 3
Voltage above Missing Signal Increased Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
normal, or shorted from Engine engine start time harness
to high source Speed Sensor Vehicle may be in Faulty Crank Sensor mounting
Open in the limp home mode
Engine Speed Loss of engine
Sensor Circuit power
Short to battery
in the Engine
Speed Sensor
Circuit
Short to ground
in the Engine
Position Timing
Sensor Circuit
FMI 8
Abnormal Erratic or Increased fuel Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
frequency, pulse intermittent consumption harness
width or period signal from Imprecise engine Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
Engine Speed timing mounting
Sensor Increased fuel
Open in the consumption
Engine Speed Uneven cylinder
Sensor balancing
Power loss
Smoke

48
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 27 Variable Geometry Turbocharger

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Smart remote Low boost Disturbance on CAN2 data lines
intermittent or actuator has Low power
incorrect not seen a valid Nozzle opens
command on Smoke from
CAN2 engine
Incorrect data
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Nozzle will open Faulty SRA VGT connector
normal, or shorted resulting in low Faulty SRA VGT harness
to low source power and low Low battery voltage
boost
SRA will
continue to
attempt and
maintain target
nozzle position
FMI 7
Mechanical system Mechanical Low boost and Actuator motor effort is temporarily
not responding or problem with smoke limited to prevent overheating
out of adjustment the VGT SRA Possible engine Restrictions detected when running
derate learn sequence
Power loss in SRA is slow to follow commands
some cases SRA position is not tracking
when actuator command
motor has been
disabled
FMI 9
Abnormal update Data from the Engine derated Data line harness
rate SRA has been (major) No supply to VGT actuator
missing for EGR valve VGT actuator
2-seconds closed VGT SRA connector
FMI 13
Out of calibration Failed self- N/A Smart remote actuator
calibration

49
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 33 Fan Control

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short to positive Malfunction Broken Cooling Fan Actuator
normal, or shorted in the Cooling indicator lamp Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
To high source Fan control illuminated or connector
circuit
FMI 4
Voltage below Short to ground Malfunction Broken Cooling Fan Actuator
normal, or shorted in the Cooling indicator lamp Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
to low source Fan control illuminated or connector
circuit
Output voltage
is 1/3 the supply
voltage
FMI 5
Current below Open in the Malfunction Broken Cooling Fan Actuator
normal or open Cooling Fan indicator lamp Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
circuit control circuit illuminated or connector

MID 128 SID 70 Preheater Element 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit +, Fuse for shorting Faulty Preheat Relay
normal or shorted Measuring line wire blown Short in high side of Preheat Sense
to high source 1 circuit
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, Shorting wire Preheat relay problem
normal or shorted Measuring line may break Sense 1, Short Circuit -, Measuring
low line
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit May get start Faulty Heating element
normal or open problems in cold Broken wire
circuit climate

50
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 71 Preheater Element 2

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Short Circuit +, Fuse for shorting Faulty Preheat Relay
normal or shorted Measuring line wire blown Short in high side of Preheat Sense
to high source 2circuit
FMI 4
Voltage below Short Circuit -, Shorting wire Preheat relay problem
normal or shorted Measuring line may break Sense 2, Short Circuit -, Measuring
low line
FMI 5
Current below Open Circuit May get start Faulty Heating element
normal or open problems in cold Broken wire
circuit climate

MID 128 SID 146 EGR Valve 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Stuck EGR Malfunction Faulty EGR Control Valve actuator
normal, or shorted Control Valve indicator lamp EGR Control Valve harness
To high source EGR Control illuminated
Valve circuit Engine derate
shorted to
positive
EGR Control
Valve circuit
shorted to
ground
FMI 5
Current below Open EGR Malfunction Faulty EGR Control Valve actuator
normal or open Control Valve indicator lamp EGR Control Valve harness
circuit Circuit illuminated
Engine derate
FMI 7
Mechanical EGR Valve stuck Engine derate Faulty EGR Valve
System Not closed
Responding or
Out Of Adjustment
FMI 12
Bad Intelligent EGR Valve stuck Engine derate Faulty EGR Valve
Device or open
Component

51
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 211 5 Volt DC Supply

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above N/A Strange 5 volt reference circuit shorted to
normal, or shorted information positive
To high source displayed on Faulty harness or connector
cluster Faulty sensor power supply
Poor driveability MID 128 PIDs 94, 100 and 153 may
also be set
FMI 4
Voltage Below N/A Strange 5 volt reference circuit shorted to
Normal, or Shorted information ground
To Low Source displayed on Faulty harness or connector
cluster Faulty sensor power supply
Poor driveability MID 128 PIDs 94, 100 and 153 may
also be set

MID 128 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above IVS signal No IVS limp Faulty connector
normal, or shorted shorted to home function Faulty VECU
to high source voltage for pedal position Short to voltage in signal circuit
harness
FMI 5
Current Below IVS signal No IVS limp Faulty connector
Normal or Open shorted to home function Faulty VECU
Circuit ground or open for pedal position Short to ground or open in signal
circuit harness

52
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 128 SID 232 5 Volt DC Supply to Sensor

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above N/A Strange Poor driveability
normal, or shorted information Faulty harness or connector
to high source displayed on Faulty sensor power supply
cluster MID 128 PIDs 26, 102 and 411 may
Poor driveability also be set
FMI 4
Voltage below N/A Strange 5 volt reference circuit shorted to
normal or shorted information ground
to low source displayed on Faulty harness or connector
cluster Faulty sensor power supply
Poor driveability MID 128 PIDs 26, 102 and 411 may
also be set

53
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Transmission Control Unit, Fault Tracing

The Premium Tech Tool (PTT) is the preferred tool for
performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer
for more information.

The control units on the information link communicate

according to the SAE J1587 standard. The standard
has been extended with Volvos own supplement
(PPID, PSID). The fault codes set by the control units
contain information that is described by the following
abbreviations.

MID Message Identification Description: SID Subsystem Identification Description:

Identification of a control unit. Identification of a component.

PID Parameter Identification Description: PSID Proprietary Subsystem Identification

Identification of a parameter (value). Description Volvo:
Unique identification of a component.
PPID Proprietary Parameter Identification
Description Volvo: FMI Failure Mode Identifier:
Unique identification of a parameter Identification of fault types.
(value).

FMI Table
FMI Display Text SAE Text
0 Too high value Data valid, but above the normal work range
1 Too low value Data valid, but below the normal work range
2 Incorrect data Data erratic, Intermittent or incorrect
3 Electrical fault Voltage above normal or shorted high
4 Electrical fault Voltage below normal or shorted low
5 Electrical fault Current below normal or open circuit
6 Electrical fault Current above normal or grounded circuit
7 Mechanical fault Mechanical system not responding properly
8 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal frequency, pulse width or period
9 Communication fault Abnormal update rate
10 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal rate of change
11 Unknown fault Failure mode not identifiable
12 Component fault Bad intelligent device or component
13 Incorrect calibration Out of calibration
14 Unknown fault Special instructions
15 Unknown fault Reserved for future assignment by SAE Data Formal Subcommittee

Note: When performing diagnostic test on intermittent

faults, gently wiggle the wires and connectors to help find
the intermittent faults.

54
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 Control Unit, Fault Tracing

PID
MID 130 PID 31 Range Cylinder, Position page 57
MID 130 PID 32 Split Cylinder, Position page 58
MID 130 PID 33 Clutch Cylinder, Position page 59
MID 130 PID 36 Clutch Wear, Status page 61
MID 130 PID 37 Air Pressure, Transmission page 61
MID 130 PID 65 Brake Switch page 62
MID 130 PID 158 Control Unit, Battery Voltage page 62
MID 130 PID 160 Main Shaft, Rotation Speed page 63
MID 130 PID 161 Input Shaft, Rotation Speed page 67
MID 130 PID 177 Oil Temperature, Transmission page 70

PPID
MID 130 PPID 10 Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Position page 71
MID 130 PPID 11 Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Position page 72
MID 130 PPID 50 Clutch, Pre-load page 73
MID 130 PPID 51 Clutch Disc, Pull Position page 74
MID 130 PPID 54 ECU +5V Output page 74
MID 130 PPID 55 ECU, Temperature page 75
MID 130 PPID 140 Inclination Angle page 75

55
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

PSID
MID 130 PSID 1 PWM Valve, Quick Engagement page 76
MID 130 PSID 2 PWM Valve, Slow Engagement page 77
MID 130 PSID 3 PWM Valve, Quick Disconnection page 78
MID 130 PSID 4 PWM Valve, Slow Disconnection page 79
MID 130 PSID 5 Ground, Quick PWM Valves page 80
MID 130 PSID 6 Ground, Slow PWM Valves page 81
MID 130 PSID 12 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Inner page 82
MID 130 PSID 13 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Outer page 83
MID 130 PSID 14 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Inner page 84
MID 130 PSID 15 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Outer page 85
MID 130 PSID 20 Solenoid Valve, Power Take-off 1 page 86
MID 130 PSID 21 Solenoid Valve, Power Take-off 2 page 87
MID 130 PSID 22 Solenoid Valve, Brake, Counter Shaft page 88
MID 130 PSID 23 Split Engagement System page 89
MID 130 PSID 24 Range Engagement System page 91
MID 130 PSID 25 Gears 1/R Engagement System page 92
MID 130 PSID 26 Gears 2/3 Engagement System page 94
MID 130 PSID 27 Clutch System page 96
MID 130 PSID 28 Transmission Brake page 98
MID 130 PSID 200 Communication Interference, Data Link, Engine Control Unit page 98
MID 130 PSID 201 Communication Interference, Data Link, Vehicle Control Unit page 99
MID 130 PSID 204 Communication Interference, Data Link, Brake Control Unit page 100
MID 130 PSID 207 Communication Interference, Data Link, Gear Selector Control Unit page 100

MID 130 PSID 210 J1939 Data Link Interruption, Lighting ECU page 101
MID 130 PSID 211 J1939 Data Link Interruption, Adaptive Cruise Control ECU page 101
MID 130 PSID 232 Powertrain CAN page 102
MID 130 PSID 254 DIEE Signal page 102

SID
MID 130 SID 35 Solenoid Valve, High Range page 103
MID 130 SID 36 Solenoid Valve, Low Range page 104
MID 130 SID 37 Solenoid Valve, High Split page 105
MID 130 SID 38 Solenoid Valve, Low Split page 106
MID 130 SID 231 J1939 Control Link page 107
MID 130 SID 240 Program Memory page 107
MID 130 SID 250 J1708 Information Link page 108
MID 130 SID 253 Calibration Memory EEPROM page 108

56
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 31 Range Cylinder, Position

Type of FMI Fault Condition: Possible Symptoms: Possible Cause:
fault: Description:
FMI 3
Voltage Status from Slow gear changes N/A
above ASIC is short
normal, or circuit to U-BATT Yellow lamp is sent
shorted to
high source
FMI 5
Current Status from Yellow lamp is sent N/A
below ASIC is open
normal or circuit Slow gear changes
open circuit
FMI 6
Current Status from Yellow lamp is sent N/A
above ASIC is short
normal or circuit to ground Slow gear changes
grounded
circuit
FMI 13
Calibration The checksum Yellow lamp is sent N/A
value out of in NVRAM is not
range correct or, the Cranking is inhibited
sensor has not
been calibrated. Engine cannot start

57
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 32 Split Cylinder, Position

Type of FMI Fault Condition: Possible Symptoms: Possible Cause:
fault: Description:
FMI 3
Voltage Status from Slow gear changes N/A
above ASIC is short
normal, or circuit to U-BATT Yellow lamp is sent
shorted to
high source
FMI 5
Current Status from Yellow lamp is sent N/A
below ASIC is open
normal or circuit Slow gear changes
open circuit
FMI 6
Current Status from Yellow lamp is sent N/A
above ASIC is short
normal or circuit to ground Slow gear changes
grounded
circuit
FMI 13
Calibration The checksum Yellow lamp is sent N/A
value out of in NVRAM is not
range correct or, the Cranking is inhibited
sensor has not
been calibrated. Engine cannot start

58
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 33 Clutch Cylinder, Position

Type of FMI Fault Condition: Possible Symptoms: Possible Cause:
fault: Description:
FMI 2
Data erratic, The difference Yellow lamp is sent N/A
intermittent, between clutch
or incorrect positions Slow clutch
indicated by performance
the sensor signal
(SEPoC) and Rough shifting at
start and at slow
the inverted
speed
sensor signal
(SEPoCINV) Slow gear changes
is to large and
both signals are
within normal
range
FMI 3
Voltage Sensor signal is Yellow lamp is sent N/A
above short circuit to
normal, or UBATT or sensor Slow clutch
shorted to supply when: at performance
high source least one of the
sensor signals Rough shifting at
start and at slow
is above normal
speed
range
Slow gear changes
FMI 5
Current Open circuit Yellow lamp is sent N/A
below on any of the
normal or sensor signals is Slow clutch
open circuit detected when: performance
one of the sensor
signals is within Rough shifting at
start and at slow
normal range
speed
and the other
sensor signal is Slow gear changes
below normal
range

Open circuit
on ground
is detected
when both the
sensor signals
are within the
normal range
and the sum
of the sensor
signals is above
a specific value

59
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Fault Condition: Possible Symptoms: Possible Cause:

fault: Description:
FMI 12 Both sensor signals
Faulty are below normal Yellow lamp is sent N/A
device or when:
component Slow clutch
Status of the performance
sensor ASIC is
internal fault on Rough shifting at
start and at slow
the sensor or
speed
Short circuit to
Slow gear changes
ground on any
of the sensor
signals or

Open circuit on
supply or

Short circuit
between the two
sensor signals
FMI 13
Calibration The checksum Yellow lamp is sent N/A
value out of in NVRAM is not
range correct or, the Cranking is inhibited
sensor has not
been calibrated. Engine cannot start

60
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 36 Clutch Wear, Status

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but The clutch wear Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal is more than sent
operational range or equal to
"SERVICE DUE If active for a
POSITION" long period of
time the clutch
may completely
wear out and fail

MID 130 PID 37 Air Pressure, Transmission

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Sensor signal is Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal in normal range sent
operational range
Pressure is Slow clutch
above 145 PSI performance
(10.0 bar)
FMI 1
Data valid but Sensor signal is Yellow lamp is N/A
below operational in normal range sent
range
Pressure is The symbol for
below 72.5 PSI compressed air,
(5.0 bar) transmission is
sent

Gear changes
may be absent

Slow clutch
performance
FMI 3
Voltage above The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted signal is above sent
high normal range
FMI 5
Current below The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open signal is below sent
circuit normal range

61
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 65 Brake Switch

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 14
Special The gear lever White lamp is N/A
Instructions is moved from sent together
neutral or with pop up
FOLD position message
without prior
application of the The transmission
service brake will not engage
the selected gear
(stays in neutral)

MID 130 PID 158 Control Unit, Battery Voltage

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but 12 Volt System: Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal Voltage is above sent
operational range 19V
FMI 1
Data valid but 12 Volt System: Yellow lamp is N/A
below operational Voltage is below sent
range 9 V and the
engine has been Reduced
running for 5 s transmission
performance

62
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 160 Main Shaft, Rotation Speed

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
below operational signal is within sent
range normal range
and, Slow gear
changes
The main shaft
speed differs Rough gear
from both the changes
value of the
countershaft
speed and the
vehicle speed
received from the
VECU
The following
conditions must
be fulfilled for a
time of 2.0 s in
order to activate:

A gear (not
neutral) is
engaged in the
transmission

The value of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the main shaft
speed sensor
(SESM) is more
than 300 rpm

The value of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) is more
than 300 rpm

63
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 (Continued)
The values of the
input shaft speed
calculated from
the main shaft
speed sensor
(SESM) and the
counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) differ
more than 50
rpm

The values of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the main shaft
speed sensor
(SESM) and the
vehicle speed
received from
the VECU differ
more than 30
rpm

The values of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) and the
vehicle speed
received from the
VECU differ less
than 30 rpm

64
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or indicates wrong sent
incorrect direction
Slow gear
The following changes
conditions must
be fulfilled for a
time of 2,0 s in
order to activate:

The input
shaft speed
calculated from
the countershaft
speed sensor
(SECS) is above
300 rpm and the
clutch is engaged
or

The input
shaft speed
calculated from
the countershaft
speed sensor
(SECS) is above
600 rpm and the
clutch position is
more engaged
than the slip point
and the engine
speed is received
from the engine
ECU and above
600 rpm

A forward gear is
engaged in the
transmission
and the
mainshaft speed
sensor (SESM)
indicates reverse
movement or

A reverse gear is
engaged and the
mainshaft speed
sensor (SESM)
indicates forward
movement

There is no other
active fault on
the sensor for the
main shaft speed
(SEMS)

65
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Signal or supply Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted voltage is above sent
high normal range
Slow gear
changes

Rough gear
changes
FMI 4
Voltage below Signal and Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted supply voltage sent
low is below normal
range Slow gear
changes

Rough gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below Signal voltage Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open is below normal sent
circuit range
Slow gear
Supply voltage changes
is in the normal
range Rough gear
changes

66
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 161 Input Shaft, Rotation Speed

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1
Data valid but The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
below operational signal is within sent
range normal range
and, Slow gear
changes
The counter shaft
speed differs Transmission
from both the brake up-shifts
main shaft speed cannot be used
(SESM) and the
vehicle speed Engagement
point not
received from the
functioning
VECU when the
properly
counter shaft is
rotating Starting gear can
only be engaged
The following
when the vehicle
conditions must
is stationary
be fulfilled for a
or when the
time of 2.0 s in
vehicle speed is
order to activate:
high enough to
A gear (not synchronize the
neutral) is transmission with
engaged in the the engine
transmission

The value of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the main shaft
speed sensor
(SESM) is more
than 300 rpm

The value of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) is more
than 300 rpm

67
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 (Continued)
The values of the
input shaft speed
calculated from
the counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) and the
main shaft speed
sensor (SESM)
differ more than
50 rpm

The values of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the counter shaft
speed sensor
(SESC) and the
vehicle speed
received from
the VECU differ
more than 30
rpm

The values of the

input shaft speed
calculated from
the main shaft
speed sensor
(SESM) and the
vehicle speed
received from the
VECU differ less
than 30 rpm

68
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 4
Voltage below The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted signal is below sent
low normal range
Slow gear
changes

Transmission
brake up-shifts
cannot be used

Engagement
point not
functioning
properly

Starting gear can

only be engaged
when the vehicle
is stationary
or when the
vehicle speed is
high enough to
synchronize the
transmission with
the engine
FMI 5
Current below The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open signal is above sent
circuit normal range
Slow gear
changes

Transmission
brake up-shifts
cannot be used

Engagement
point not
functioning
properly

Starting gear can

only be engaged
when the vehicle
is stationary
or when the
vehicle speed is
high enough to
synchronize the
transmission with
the engine

69
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PID 177 Oil Temperature, Transmission

Note: FMI 0 has three levels of severity, low, medium and
high. All times are reset when the key is switched off.

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
(Low) Data valid but The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal signal is in sent
operational range normal range
Symbol for high
Temperature is transmission oil
above 100 C temperature is lit
(212 F) during
18000 s
FMI 0
(Medium) Data valid but The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal signal is in sent
operational range normal range
Symbol for high
Temperature is transmission oil
above 120 C temperature is lit
(248 F) during
600 s
FMI 0
(High) Data valid but The sensor Red lamp is sent N/A
above normal signal is in
operational range normal range Symbol for high
transmission oil
Temperature is temperature is lit
above 140 C
(284 F) during
30 s
FMI 4
Voltage below The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted signal is below sent
low normal range
FMI 5
Current below The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open signal is above sent
circuit normal range

70
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PPID 10 Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Position

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted is short circuit to sent
high U-BATT
Slow gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open is open circuit sent
circuit
Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or is short circuit to sent
grounded circuit ground
Slow gear
changes
FMI 13
Calibration value The checksum Yellow lamp is N/A
out of range in NVRAM is not sent
correct or
Cranking is
The sensor inhibited
has not been
calibrated Engine cannot
start

71
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PPID 11 Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Position

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted is short circuit to sent
high U-BATT
Slow gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open is open circuit sent
circuit
Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above Status from ASIC Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or is short circuit to sent
grounded circuit ground
Slow gear
changes
FMI 13
Calibration value The checksum Yellow lamp is N/A
out of range in NVRAM is not sent
correct or
Cranking is
The sensor inhibited
has not been
calibrated Engine cannot
start

72
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PPID 50 Clutch, Pre-load

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but The calculated Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal stored energy is sent
operational range above 200 kJ
The clutch is
The energy overheated
calculation is
time based The clutch is
for VTNA and slowly engaged
physical for
others
FMI 11
Clutch Clutch slip Yellow lamp is N/A
protection active more than 8.0 sent
(unidentifiable s with vehicle
error) movement less There has been
than 0.8 m (e.g. unnecessary
hill holding event) clutch slip

The clutch is
slowly engaged
FMI 14
Special Attempt to start White lamp is N/A
instructions in high range in sent
manual position
Not possible to
start

73
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PPID 51 Clutch Disc, Pull Position

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 13
Calibration value The checksum Yellow lamp is N/A
out of range in NVRAM is not sent
correct
It is not possible
The slip point to drive the
has not been vehicle
calibrated

MID 130 PPID 54 ECU +5V Output

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Voltage is above Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal normal range sent
operational range
Slow clutch
performance

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed

Slow gear
changes
FMI 1
Data valid but Voltage is below Yellow lamp is N/A
below operational normal range sent
range
Slow clutch
performance

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed

Slow gear
changes

74
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PPID 55 ECU, Temperature

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Data valid but Temperature is Yellow lamp is N/A
above normal above 125 C sent
operational range (257 F)

MID 130 PPID 140 Inclination Angle

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or signal is above sent
incorrect or below normal
range The start gear
may be wrong
The vehicle has
been standing Gear selection
still for a specific performance
time might be reduced

Downhill
and uphill
gear change
performance
may be reduced

75
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 1 PWM Valve, Quick Engagement

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Slow clutch
short circuit to performance
U-BATT on VAF-
Slow gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

Slow gear
changes

76
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 2 PWM Valve, Slow Engagement

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Uneven shifting
short circuit to at start and at
U-BATT on VAS- slow speed

FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
Erratic clutch
performance

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
Erratic clutch
performance

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed

77
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 3 PWM Valve, Quick Disconnection

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Slow clutch
short circuit to performance
U-BATT on VAF-
Slow gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

Slow gear
changes

78
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 4 PWM Valve, Slow Disconnection

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Uneven shifting
short circuit to at start and at
U-BATT on VAS- slow speed

FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

79
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 5 Ground, Quick PWM Valves

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The low-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
Erratic clutch
performance

Slow clutch
performance

Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above The low-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Slow clutch
short circuit to performance
ground on VAFE
or VAFD Slow gear
changes

80
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 6 Ground, Slow PWM Valves

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The low-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
Erratic clutch
performance

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed
FMI 6
Current above The low-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
and Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code for Uneven shifting
short circuit to at start and at
ground on VASE slow speed
or VASD

81
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 12 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Inner

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection

82
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 13 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 1, Outer

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection

83
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 14 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Inner

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection

84
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 15 Solenoid Valve, Gear Selector Cylinder 2, Outer

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Incorrect gear
selection

85
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 20 Solenoid Valve, Power Take-off 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

The PTO cannot

be deactivated

Rough gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

The PTO does

not work
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

The PTO does

not work

86
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 21 Solenoid Valve, Power Take-off 2

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

The PTO cannot

be deactivated

Rough gear
changes
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

The PTO does

not work
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

The PTO does

not work

87
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 22 Solenoid Valve, Brake, Counter Shaft

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Red lamp is sent N/A
normal or shorted drive is short
high circuit to U-BATT The valve and
the brake are
activated

The transmission
will be damaged
if the vehicle
drives

The propshaft
has to be
removed to move
the vehicle
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Slow gear
changes
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Slow gear
changes

88
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 23 Split Engagement System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Unintentional Low split jumps Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement out sent
of indirect split
The split cylinder Loss of torque
valves are
inactive
FMI 1
Unintentional High split jumps Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement out sent
of direct split
The split cylinder Loss of torque
valves are
inactive
FMI 2
Unintentional The split cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement position leaves sent
of neutral split the neutral
position

The split cylinder

valves are
inactive
FMI 7
Blocked The neutral split Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of gear cannot sent
neutral split engage
Eco roll not
available

89
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 11
Blocked The indirect split Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of gear can not sent
indirect split engage
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection

Slow gear
changes
FMI 12
Blocked The direct split Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of gear can not sent
direct split engage
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection

Slow gear
changes

90
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 24 Range Engagement System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Unintentional The range Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement cylinder leaves sent
of low range the low range
position Loss of torque

The range
cylinder valves
are inactive
FMI 1
Unintentional The range Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement cylinder leaves sent
of high range the high range
position Loss of torque

The range
cylinder valves
are inactive
FMI 11
Blocked The low range Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of gear can not sent
low range engage
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 12
Blocked The high range Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of gear can not sent
high range engage
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection

91
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 25 Gears 1/R Engagement System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Unintentional The 1/R cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement leaves the 1:st sent
of first gear position
Loss of torque
The 1:st cylinder
valves are
inactive
FMI 1
Unintentional The 1/R gear Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement leaves the sent
of reverse gear reverse position
Loss of torque
The 1/R cylinder
valves are
inactive
FMI 2
Unintentional The 1/R cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement leaves the sent
of neutral neutral position

The 1/R cylinder

valves are
inactive
FMI 7
Blocked Not possible to Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of engage neutral sent
neutral
Slow gear
changes

92
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 11
Blocked The 1:st gear can Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of not engage and, sent
first gear
There is no active Loss of torque
fault code on the
SEPo1R and, Incorrect gear
selection
There is no active
fault code for low The 1:st gears
air pressure and, will not be
selected by the
There is no active system for a
fault code on any short while after
of the 1:st and five successful
reverse gear gearshifts a new
cylinder valves attempt to use
1:st gear may be
made
FMI 12
Blocked The reverse gear Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of cannot engage sent
reverse gear
The R gear can
not engage, but
the system will
try to engage it as
log as the gear
lever is in the
reverse position

93
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 26 Gears 2/3 Engagement System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Unintentional The 2/3 cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement position indicates sent
of second gear that the 2/3 gear
leaves the 2:nd Loss of torque
position

The cylinder
valves are
inactive
FMI 1
Unintentional The 2/3 cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement leaves the 3:rd sent
of third gear position
Loss of torque
The 3:rd cylinder
valves are
inactive
FMI 2
Unintentional The split cylinder Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement position leaves sent
of neutral the neutral
position

The split cylinder

valves are
inactive
FMI 7
Blocked The neutral gear Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of (2:nd and 3:rd sent
neutral gear cylinder)
cannot engage Slow gear
changes

94
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 11
Blocked The 2:nd gear Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of can not engage sent
second gear
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection

The 2:nd gear

will not be
selected by the
system for a
short while after
five successful
gearshifts a new
attempt to use
2:nd gear may be
made
FMI 12
Blocked The 3:rd gear Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of cannot engage sent
third gear
Loss of torque

Incorrect gear
selection

The 3:rd gear

will not be
selected by the
system for a
short while after
five successful
gearshifts a new
attempt to use
3:rd gear may be
made

95
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 27 Clutch System

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
Unintentional The clutch Yellow lamp is N/A
disengagement disengages sent
of the clutch when not
commanded Slow gear
and, changes

There is no active Slow clutch

fault code on the performance
SEPoC and,

There is no active
fault code for low
air pressure and,

There is no active
fault code on any
of the clutch
cylinder valves
and,

The PCB
temperature is
above a specific
limit
FMI 1
Unintentional The clutch Yellow lamp is N/A
engagement of engages when sent
the clutch not commanded
and, Slow gear
changes
There is no active
fault code on the Erratic clutch
SEPoC and performance

There is no active
fault code for low
air pressure and

There is no active
fault code on any
of the clutch
cylinder valves
and,

The PCB
temperature is
above a specific
limit

96
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system The clutch Yellow lamp is N/A
not responding or does not dis- sent
out of adjustment engage/engage
properly when Slow gear
commanded changes
and,
Erratic clutch
performance
There is no active
fault code on the
SEPoC and,

There is no active
fault code for low
air pressure and,

There is no active
fault code on any
of the clutch
cylinder valves
and,

The PCB
temperature is
above 10 C
(50 F)
FMI 11
Clutch drag The clutch Yellow lamp is N/A
transfers too sent
much torque in
the disengaged The vehicle tends
position to creep on flat
ground at idle

The clutch wear

is high
FMI 12
Unintentional The clutch Yellow lamp is N/A
clutch slip cannot transfer sent
a specific torque
without slipping The engine
torque is reduced
so that the
clutch does not
continue to slip

97
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 28 Transmission Brake

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system The transmission Yellow lamp is N/A
not responding or brake does not sent
out of adjustment brake when the
valve is activated Slow gear
changes at
standstill

MID 130 PSID 200 Communication Interference, Data Link, Engine

Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: If there is
Engine Control no POWER-
Unit (EECU) TRAIN_CAN,
automatic gear
selection en-
ters backup
mode with gear
changes only at
certain vehicle
speeds

If there is
no POWER-
TRAIN_CAN and
if the engine
does not receive
messages from
the TECU, the
gear changes
will be slow

98
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 201 Communication Interference, Data Link, Vehicle

Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8
Abnormal Signal from Yellow lamp is N/A
frequency, pulse vehicle control sent
width, or period unit indicates
fault in the If pedal position
accelerator pedal undefined,
position or the automatic
brake pedal gear selection
switch enters backup
mode with gear
changes only at
certain vehicle
speeds

Uneven shifting
at start and at
slow speed

If service brake
undefined,
automatic
gear selection
enters backup
mode with gear
changes only at
certain vehicle
speeds
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: Automatic
Engine Control gear selection
Unit (EECU) enters backup
mode with gear
changes only at
certain vehicle
speeds

Rough shifting at
start and at slow
speed

99
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 204 Communication Interference, Data Link, Brake

Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8
Abnormal This FMI shall be Yellow lamp is N/A
frequency, pulse set if the wheel sent
width, or period speeds from the
BECU (MID 136) Slow gear
are not correct. changes

FMI 9
Abnormal update This FMI shall Yellow lamp is N/A
rate be set if the sent
message from
the BECU (MID Slow gear
136) is not changes
received

MID 130 PSID 207 Communication Interference, Data Link, Gear

Selector Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update This FMI shall Yellow lamp is N/A
rate be set if the sent
message from
the GSECU Slow response
(MID 223) is on manual gear
not received changes and
slow response
when buttons on
the gearlever are
pressed.

100
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 210 J1939 Data Link Interruption, Lighting ECU
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update This FMI shall Yellow lamp is N/A
rate be set if the sent
message from
the LCM (MID The start gear
216) is not might be wrong
received
Automatic
gear selection
performance
might be reduced
a certain time
after start

Automatic gear
selection perfor-
mance might be
reduced a cer-
tain time after a
trailer has been
connected/dis-
connected

MID 130 PSID 211 J1939 Data Link Interruption, Adaptive Cruise
Control ECU
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update This FMI shall Yellow lamp is N/A
rate be set if the sent
message from
the ACC (MID The retarder
219) is not ACC function
received and, does not work

ACC is installed

101
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 PSID 232 Powertrain CAN

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:

Note: This fault code is valid for vehicles where a POWERTRAIN_CAN link exists between the TECU and the engine
FMI 2
Data erratic, CAN Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or communication sent
incorrect does not work
Slow gear shifts
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: Slow gear shifts
Engine Control
Unit (EECU)

MID 130 PSID 254 DIEE Signal

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The voltage level Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted for the DIEE pin sent
high is high
Cranking is
inhibited

Engine cannot
start

All
communication
with the control
unit is disabled
except for
programming
of MSW

102
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 35 Solenoid Valve, High Range

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Low range gears

are missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

High range gears

are missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Range gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection

103
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 36 Solenoid Valve, Low Range

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

High range gears

are missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Low range gears

are missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Range gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection

104
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 37 Solenoid Valve, High Split

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Indirect and
neutral split
gears are
missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Splitter gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Splitter gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection

105
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 38 Solenoid Valve, Low Split

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or shorted drive is short sent
high circuit to U-BATT
The valve is
activated

Direct and
neutral split
gears are
missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 5
Current below The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or open drive is open sent
circuit circuit
The valve cannot
be activated

Splitter gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection
FMI 6
Current above The high-side Yellow lamp is N/A
normal or drive is short sent
grounded circuit circuit to ground
The valve cannot
be activated

Splitter gears are

missing

Incorrect gear
selection

106
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 231 J1939 Control Link

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, CAN Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or communication sent
incorrect does not work
Slow gear shifts

MID 130 SID 240 Program Memory

Note: The boot program only sets this fault code during
power-up. The boot program does not save any fault
codes.

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:

fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Faulty data in Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or program memory sent
incorrect
Cranking is
inhibited

Engine cannot
start

107
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 130 SID 250 J1708 Information Link

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Signal from MID Yellow lamp is N/A
rate 128 PID 190, PID sent
85, PPID 212 is
not received Slow gear shifts
within 30s
Fault codes
cannot be read

On-vehicle
tests cannot be
performed

MID 130 SID 253 Calibration Memory EEPROM

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 13
Calibration value Flash checksum Yellow lamp is N/A
out of range dataset error sent

Program code Cranking is

missing inhibited

Engine cannot
start

108
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Vehicle Control Unit, Fault Tracing

The Premium Tech Tool (PTT) is the preferred tool for
performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer
for more information.

The control units on the information link communicate

according to the SAE J1587 standard. The standard
has been extended with Volvos own supplement
(PPID, PSID). The fault codes set by the control units
contain information that is described by the following
abbreviations.

MID Message Identification Description: SID Subsystem Identification Description:

Identification of a control unit. Identification of a component.

PID Parameter Identification Description: PSID Proprietary Subsystem Identification

Identification of a parameter (value). Description Volvo:
Unique identification of a component.
PPID Proprietary Parameter Identification
Description Volvo: FMI Failure Mode Identifier:
Unique identification of a parameter Identification of fault types.
(value).

FMI Table
FMI Display Text SAE Text
0 Value to high Data valid, but above the normal working range
1 Value too low Data valid, but below the normal working range
2 Incorrect data Intermittent or incorrect data
3 Electrical fault Abnormally high voltage or short circuit to higher voltage
4 Electrical fault Abnormally low voltage or short circuit to lower voltage
5 Electrical fault Abnormally low current or open circuit
6 Electrical fault Abnormally high current or short circuit to ground
7 Mechanical fault Incorrect response from a mechanical system
8 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal frequency
9 Communication fault Abnormal update rate
10 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormally strong vibrations
11 Unknown fault Non-identifiable fault
12 Component fault Faulty unit or component
13 Incorrect calibration Calibration values outside limits
14 Unknown fault Special instructions
15 Unknown fault Reserved for future use

Note: When performing diagnostic test on intermittent

faults, gently wiggle the wires and connectors to help find
the intermittent faults.

109
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 Control Unit, Fault Codes

PID
MID 144 PID 84 Vehicle Speed page 111
MID 144 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position (Percentage) page 112

PPID
MID 144 PPID 61 Engine Brake Switch page 113
MID 144 PPID 69 Buffered Idle Validation Switch page 113
MID 144 PPID 70 Pedal Switches, Supply page 113
MID 144 PPID 71 Cruise Control and Engine Brake, Switch Supply page 114
MID 144 PPID 72 Accelerator Pedal and Engine Brake, Sensors Supply page 114
MID 144 PPID 73 Second Accelerator Pedal, Supply Sensors page 115
MID 144 PPID 265 Vehicle Speed Sensor Supply page 115

PSID
MID 144 PSID 2 Idle Validation Switch 2 page 116

SID
MID 144 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1 page 116

110
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PID 84 Vehicle Speed

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data Erratic, Intermittent faulty N/A VSS Harness
Intermittent or data VSS Sensor
Incorrect Speed VECU
signal from VECU harness
speedometer
and ABS differs
too much
Speed signal
from VSS and
ABS differs too
much
FMI 14
Special Intermittent faulty N/A Faulty information from tachometer
instructions data J1587 data link
Speed signal Wiring harness
from VSS
was updated
incorrectly

111
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position (Percentage)

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Abnormally high Engine will not APP harness shorted high
normal, or shorted voltage supply requested Faulty APP sensor
to high source fuel to engine
FMI 4
Voltage below Abnormally low Engine will not APP harness shorted low
normal, or shorted voltage supply requested Faulty APP sensor
to low source fuel to engine
FMI 5
Current below Abnormally low Engine will not Faulty APP sensor
normal or open current supply requested
circuit Input is fuel increase
not correct
compared to
IVS 1 & IVS 2
FMI 6
Current above Abnormally high Engine will not Faulty APP sensor
normal or current supply requested
grounded circuit Input is fuel increase
not correct
compared to
IVS 1 & IVS 2
FMI 14
Special Supply error from Engine will not Faulty APP sensor harness
Instructions PPID 72 supply requested
Supply error fuel increase

112
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PPID 61 Engine Brake Switch

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system SET+ and SET- Engine retarder Engine retarder switch harness
not responding or signal received brake will not Engine retarder switch
out of adjustment at the same time activate

MID 144 PPID 69 Buffered Idle Validation Switch

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Abnormally high N/A Signal shorted high
normal, or shorted voltage or short
to high source to higher voltage
FMI 4
Voltage below Abnormally low N/A Signal shorted low
normal, or shorted voltage or short
to low source to ground

MID 144 PPID 70 Pedal Switches, Supply

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 4
Voltage below N/A N/A Faulty connector
normal, or shorted Faulty harness
to low source Supply voltage shorted low

113
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PPID 71 Cruise Control and Engine Brake, Switch Supply
FMI 4
Voltage below N/A Engine will not Faulty connector
normal or shorted supply requested Faulty harness
to low source fuel increase Supply voltage shorted low

MID 144 PPID 72 Accelerator Pedal and Engine Brake, Sensors

Supply
FMI 3
Voltage above Abnormally high Requested fuel APP harness shorted high
normal or shorted voltage not supplied to
to high source engine
Engine brake
retarder is
disabled
FMI 4
Voltage below Abnormally low Requested fuel APP harness shorted low
normal or shorted voltage not supplied to
to low source engine
Engine brake
retarder is
disabled

114
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PPID 73 Second Accelerator Pedal, Supply Sensors

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Abnormally high Engine will not APP harness shorted high
normal, or shorted voltage supply requested
to high source fuel to engine
Engine brake
retarder is
disabled
FMI 4
Voltage below Abnormally low Engine will not APP harness shorted low
normal, or shorted voltage supply requested
to low source fuel to engine
Engine brake
retarder is
disabled

MID 144 PPID 265 Vehicle Speed Sensor Supply

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3
Voltage above Abnormally high N/A VSS harness shorted high
normal, or shorted voltage Faulty VSS
to high source
FMI 4
Voltage below Abnormally low N/A VSS harness shorted low
normal, or shorted voltage Faulty VSS
to low source

115
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 144 PSID 2 Idle Validation Switch 2

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system Faulty reading Engine will not Idle Validation Switch (IVS)
not responding or from IVS #2 supply requested IVS connector
out of adjustment fuel to engine IVS harness

MID 144 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system Faulty reading Engine will not Idle Validation Switch (IVS)
not responding or from IVS #1 supply requested IVS connector
out of adjustment fuel to engine IVS harness

116
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

Gear Selector Control Unit, Fault Tracing

The Premium Tech Tool (PTT) is the preferred tool for
performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer
for more information.

The control units on the information link communicate

according to the SAE J1587 standard. The standard
has been extended with Volvos own supplement
(PPID, PSID). The fault codes set by the control units
contain information that is described by the following
abbreviations.

MID Message Identification Description: SID Subsystem Identification Description:

Identification of a control unit. Identification of a component.

PID Parameter Identification Description: PSID Proprietary Subsystem Identification

Identification of a parameter (value). Description Volvo:
Unique identification of a component.
PPID Proprietary Parameter Identification
Description Volvo: FMI Failure Mode Identifier:
Unique identification of a parameter Identification of fault types.
(value).

FMI Table
FMI Display Text SAE Text
0 Too high value Data valid, but above the normal work range
1 Too low value Data valid, but below the normal work range
2 Incorrect data Data erratic, Intermittent or incorrect
3 Electrical fault Voltage above normal or shorted high
4 Electrical fault Voltage below normal or shorted low
5 Electrical fault Current below normal or open circuit
6 Electrical fault Current above normal or grounded circuit
7 Mechanical fault Mechanical system not responding properly
8 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal frequency, pulse width or period
9 Communication fault Abnormal update rate
10 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal rate of change
11 Unknown fault Failure mode not identifiable
12 Component fault Bad intelligent device or component
13 Incorrect calibration Out of calibration
14 Unknown fault Special instructions
15 Unknown fault Reserved for future assignment by SAE Data Formal Subcommittee

Note: When performing diagnostic test on intermittent

faults, gently wiggle the wires and connectors to help find
the intermittent faults.

117
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 Control Unit, Fault Tracing

PSID
MID 223 PSID 9 Gear Selector, Position page 119
MID 223 PSID 36 Relay Power Supply page 120
MID 223 PSID 42 Signals, Key page 121
MID 223 PSID 200 Communication Interference, Data Link, Engine Control Unit page 122
MID 223 PSID 201 Communication Interference, Data Link, Vehicle Control Unit page 122
MID 223 PSID 205 Communication Interference, Data Link, Transmission Control Unit page 123
MID 223 PSID 214 No Data From BBM page 123

SID
MID 223 SID 231 J1939 Control Link page 124
MID 223 SID 240 Program Memory page 125
MID 223 SID 250 J1708 Information Link page 125
MID 223 SID 253 Calibration Memory EEPROM page 126
MID 223 SID 254 Hardware Fault page 126

118
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 PSID 9 Gear Selector, Position

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 12
Faulty device or The sensor Yellow lamp is N/A
component signals do not sent
correspond with
valid value Some or all stalk
actions are not
working

It is not possible
to select gear

119
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 PSID 36 Relay Power Supply

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7
Mechanical system The relay does Yellow lamp is N/A
not responding not release sent
properly
Fault displayed
after ignition OFF

Risk of battery
discharge if main
circuit breaker
is not opened
when vehicle is
not used
FMI 12
Faulty device or 0 voltage at Pin 1 It is not possible N/A
component to drive the
vehicle

120
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 PSID 42 Signals, Key

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Inconsistency Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or between sent
incorrect hard-wired
ignition signal Transmission
and ignition supplied and
signal read on Optidriver fully
network functional until
main circuit
breaker is
opened

Risk of battery
discharge if main
circuit breaker
not opened when
vehicle not used

Transmission
not supplied
and vehicle
immobilized
after main circuit
breaker has been
cycled

121
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 PSID 200 Communication Interference, Data Link, Engine

Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: Downhill help
Engine Control disabled
Unit (EECU)

MID 223 PSID 201 Communication Interference, Data Link, Vehicle

Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: Temporary
Vehicle Control manual mode
Unit (VECU) disabled

Downhill help
disabled

Return to drive
disabled

122
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 PSID 205 Communication Interference, Data Link,

Transmission Control Unit
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit: No memorization
Transmission during 1.5 sec of
Control Unit direction change
(TECU) requests when
vehicle is moving

Temporary
manual mode
disabled

MID 223 PSID 214 No Data From BBM

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update Message missing Yellow lamp is N/A
rate on J1939 from sent
the following
control unit:
Bodybuilder

123
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 SID 231 J1939 Control Link

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, CAN Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or communication sent
incorrect does not work
Gear lever
commands
slower (J1587)

No memorization
during 1.5 sec of
direction change
requests when
vehicle is moving

Temporary
manual mode
disabled

Downhill help
disabled

Return to drive
disabled

124
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Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 SID 240 Program Memory

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Fault data in Yellow lamp is N/A
intermittent, or program memory sent
incorrect
The control unit is GSECU: No
not programmed function except
supply the relay

Unable to shift
out of neutral
position

MID 223 SID 250 J1708 Information Link

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9
Abnormal update The information Yellow lamp is A control unit is being programmed
rate link SAE sent
J1587/J1708
is not working

125
 D
Group 28 Troubleshooting

MID 223 SID 253 Calibration Memory EEPROM

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2
Data erratic, Fault in main Yellow lamp is The control unit is not programmed
intermittent, or software sent
incorrect
Use of default
values of
parameters

MID 223 SID 254 Hardware Fault

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 12
Faulty device or Internal fault in Yellow lamp is Gear selector control unit (GSECU)
component control unit sent

It is not possible
to drive the
vehicle

126
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SAE J1939 FMI Table

FMI SAE Text
0 Data valid but above normal operational range - Most severe level
1 Data valid but below normal operational range - Most severe level

2 Data erratic, intermittent or incorrect

3 Voltage above normal, or shorted to high source
4 Voltage below normal, or shorted to low source
5 Current below normal or open circuit
6 Current above normal or grounded circuit
7 Mechanical system not responding or out of adjustment
8 Abnormal frequency or pulse width or period
9 Abnormal update rate
10 Abnormal rate of change
11 Root cause not known
12 Bad intelligent device or component
13 Out of calibration
14 Special instructions
15 Data valid but above normal operating range - Least severe level
16 Data valid but above normal operating range - Moderately severe level
17 Data valid but below normal operating range - Least severe level
18 Data valid but below normal operating range - Moderately severe level
19 Received network data in error
20 Reserved for SAE assignment
21 Reserved for SAE assignment
22 Reserved for SAE assignment
23 Reserved for SAE assignment
24 Reserved for SAE assignment
25 Reserved for SAE assignment
26 Reserved for SAE assignment
27 Reserved for SAE assignment
28 Reserved for SAE assignment

29 Reserved for SAE assignment

30 Reserved for SAE assignment
31 Condition exists

5
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SAE J1587 Data Link Communication

The electronic control units (ECUs) also communicate on the PPID Proprietary Parameter Identification
SAE J1587 data link. These ECUs communicate according to Description:
the SAE J1587 standard. This standard has been extended Unique identification of a parameter (value).
with proprietary supplements (PPID, PSID). The diagnostic SID Subsystem Identification Description:
trouble codes (DTCs) set by the ECUs contain information that Identification of a component.
is described by the following abbreviations.
PSID Proprietary Subsystem Identification
MID Message Identification Description: Description:
Identification of a control module. Unique identification of a component.
PID Parameter Identification Description: FMI Failure Mode Identifier:
Identification of a parameter (value). Identification of fault types.

SAE J1587 FMI Table

FMI SAE Text
0 Data valid, but above the normal working range
1 Data valid, but below the normal working range
2 Intermittent or incorrect data
3 Abnormally high voltage or short circuit to higher voltage
4 Abnormally low voltage or short circuit to lower voltage
5 Abnormally low current or open circuit
6 Abnormally high current or short circuit to ground
7 Incorrect response from a mechanical system
8 Abnormal frequency
9 Abnormal update rate
10 Abnormally strong vibrations
11 Non-identifiable fault
12 Faulty module or component
13 Calibration values outside limits
14 Special instructions
15 Reserved for future use

6
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Content

SPN 0500
ECM SPN 84, Wheel-Based Vehicle Speed MID 128
PID 84, page 14
ECM SPN 91, Accelerator Pedal Position 1 MID 128
PID 91, page 14
ECM SPN 94, Engine Fuel Delivery Pressure MID 128
PID 94, page 14
ECM SPN 97, Water in Fuel Indicator MID 128 PID 97,
page 15
ECM SPN 98, Engine Oil Level MID 128 PID 98, page
15
ECM SPN 100, Engine Oil Pressure MID 128 PID 100,
page 16
ECM SPN 102, Engine Intake Manifold 1 Pressure MID
128 PID 102, page 17
ECM SPN 103, Engine Turbocharger 1 Speed MID 128
PID 103, page 18
ECM SPN 105, Engine Intake Manifold 1 Temperature
MID 128 PID 105, page 18
ECM SPN 108, Barometric Pressure MID 128 PID 108,
page 19
ECM SPN 110, Engine Coolant Temperature MID 128
PID 110, page 19
ECM SPN 111, Engine Coolant Level MID 128 PID 111,
page 20
ECM SPN 153, Engine High Resolution Crankcase
Pressure MID 128 PID 153/PSID 23, page 21
ECM SPN 158, Keyswitch Battery Potential MID 128
PID 158/PSID 124, page 21
ECM SPN 171, Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) MID
128 PID 171, page 22
ECM SPN 173, Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT)
MID 128 PID 173 , page 23
ECM SPN 175, Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) 1 MID
128 PID 175, page 24
ECM SPN 177, Transmission Oil Temperature MID 128
PID 177, page 25

7
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 188, Engine Speed At Idle, Point 1 (Engine

Configurations) MID 128 PID 188, page 25
ECM SPN 190, Engine Speed MID 128 PID 190, page
25
ECM SPN 228, Speed Sensor Calibration MID 128 PID
228, page 26
ECM SPN 237, Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) MID
128 PSID 161, page 26
ECM SPN 245, Total Vehicle Distance MID 128 PID
245, page 26
ECM SPN 251, Time MID 128 PID 251, page 27
ECM SPN 252, Date MID 128 PID 252, page 28
ECM SPN 411, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Differential Pressure MID 128 PID 411, page 28
ECM SPN 412, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Temperature MID 128 PID 412, page 29

SPN 500999
ECM SPN 558, Accelerator Pedal 1 Idle Validation Switch
(IVS) MID 128 SID 230, page 30
ECM SPN 626, Intake Air Heater (IAH) Relay MID 128
PID 45, page 30
ECM SPN 628, Program Memory MID 128 SID 240,
page 31
ECM SPN 629, Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 1 MID
128 SID 254, page 32
ECM SPN 630, Calibration Memory MID 128 SID 253,
page 32
ECM SPN 631, Calibration Module MID 128 PSID
77/PSID 124, page 33
ECM SPN 633, Engine Fuel Actuator 1 Control Command
MID 128 SID 18, page 33
ECM SPN 636, Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor MID
128 SID 21, page 33
ECM SPN 637, Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor MID
128 SID 22, page 35
ECM SPN 639, SAE J1939 Data Link 1 MID 128 SID
231, page 36
ECM SPN 641, Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger
(VGT) Actuator 1 MID 128 SID 27, page 36
ECM SPN 642, Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger
(VGT) Actuator 2 MID 128 PPID 89, page 37
ECM SPN 647, Engine Fan Clutch Output Device Driver
MID 128 SID 33, page 38
ECM SPN 651, Engine Injector Cylinder 1 MID 128 SID
1, page 38
ECM SPN 652, Engine Injector Cylinder 2 MID 128 SID
2, page 39
8
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 653, Engine Injector Cylinder 3 MID 128 SID

3, page 40
ECM SPN 654, Engine Injector Cylinder 4 MID 128 SID
4, page 40
ECM SPN 655, Engine Injector Cylinder 5 MID 128 SID
5, page 41
ECM SPN 656, Engine Injector Cylinder 6 MID 128 SID
6, page 42
ECM SPN 677, Engine Starter Motor Relay MID 128
SID 39, page 42
ECM SPN 729, Intake Air Heater (IAH) 1 MID 128 SID
70, page 43
ECM SPN 730, Intake Air Heater (IAH) 2 MID 128 SID
71, page 43
ECM SPN 931, Engine Fuel Supply Pump Actuator MID
128 SID 78, page 44
ECM SPN 970, Engine Auxiliary Shutdown Switch MID
128 PPID 6, page 44
ECM SPN 975, Estimated Percent Fan Speed (MID 128
PID 26), page 44

9
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SPN 10001999
ECM SPN 1072, Engine Compression Brake Output #1
MID 128 PPID 122, page 45
ECM SPN 1127, Engine Turbocharger Intake Manifold
Pressure (IMP) MID 128 PSID 98, page 46
ECM SPN 1136, Engine Control Module (ECM)
Temperature MID 128 PPID 55, page 46
ECM SPN 1198, Antitheft Random Number MID 128
PID 224, page 47
ECM SPN 1231, SAE J1939 Data Link 2 MID 128 PSID
229, page 48
ECM SPN 1265, Engine Piston Cooling Oil Pressure
Actuator MID 128 SID 85, page 48
ECM SPN 1322, Engine Misfire for Multiple Cylinders
MID 128 PSID 27, page 49
ECM SPN 1323, Engine Misfire Cylinder #1 MID 128
SID 1, page 49
ECM SPN 1324, Engine Misfire Cylinder #2 MID 128
SID 2, page 49
ECM SPN 1325, Engine Misfire Cylinder #3 MID 128
SID 3, page 49
ECM SPN 1326, Engine Misfire Cylinder #4 MID 128
SID 4, page 50
ECM SPN 1327, Engine Misfire Cylinder #5 MID 128
SID 5, page 50
ECM SPN 1328, Engine Misfire Cylinder #6 MID 128
SID 6, page 50
ECM SPN 1659, Engine Coolant System Thermostat
MID 128 PSID 109, page 51
ECM SPN 1675, Engine Starter Mode MID 128 SID
39, page 51
ECM SPN 1677, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Auxiliary Heater Mode MID 128 PSID 25, page 52
ECM SPN 1761, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Tank Level PPID 278, page 52

10
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SPN 20002999
ECM SPN 2017, Cruise Control Status MID 128 PID
85, page 53
ECM SPN 2023, Invalid or Missing Data From Instrument
Cluster MID 128 PSID 202, page 53
ECM SPN 2029, Invalid or Missing Data from Vehicle ECU
MID 128 PSID 201, page 53
ECM SPN 2629, Engine Turbocharger Compressor Outlet
Temperature MID 128 PID 404, page 54
ECM SPN 2659, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Mass Flow Rate MID 128 PPID 35, page 54
ECM SPN 2791, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Valve Control MID 128 SID 146, page 55

11
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SPN 30003999
ECM SPN 3031, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Tank Temperature MID 128 PPID 274, page 56
ECM SPN 3064, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) System Monitor MID 128 PPID 326, page 56
ECM SPN 3216, Aftertreatment Intake NOx MID 128
PPID 348, page 57
ECM SPN 3226, Aftertreatment Outlet NOx MID 128
PPID 270/ PSID 90, page 58
ECM SPN 3245, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Outlet Temperature MID 128 PPID 436, page 59
ECM SPN 3249, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Intake Temperature MID 128 PPID 387, page 60
ECM SPN 3251, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Differential Pressure MID 128 PID 81, page 60
ECM SPN 3363, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Tank Heater MID 128 PSID 75, page 61
ECM SPN 3471, Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Control
Actuator MID 128 PPID 328, page 61
ECM SPN 3480, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Fuel Pressure MID 128 PPID 437/PSID 108, page
62
ECM SPN 3483, Aftertreatment Regeneration Status
MID 128 PSID 47, page 63
ECM SPN 3509, Sensor Supply Voltage 1 MID 128 SID
232, page 64
ECM SPN 3510, Sensor Supply Voltage 2 MID 128 SID
211, page 64
ECM SPN 3511, Sensor Supply Voltage 3 MID 128 PSID
113, page 64
ECM SPN 3512, Sensor Supply Voltage 4 MID 128
PSID 126, page 65
ECM SPN 3522, Aftertreatment Total Fuel Used MID
128 PSID 91, page 65
ECM SPN 3556, Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser MID
128 PPID 329, page 65
ECM SPN 3597, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Regeneration too Frequent MID 128 PSID 119,
page 66
ECM SPN 3675, Engine Turbocharger Compressor
Bypass Valve Position MID 128 PPID 330, page 67
ECM SPN 3936, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) System MID 128 PSID 28, page 68

12
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

SPN 40005500
ECM SPN 4094, NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Insufficient
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Quality MID 128 PSID 90,
page 68
ECM SPN 4095, NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Interrupted
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing MID 128 PSID 90,
page 68
ECM SPN 4334, Afterteatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Dosing Absolute Pressure MID 128 PPID 273, page 69
ECM SPN 4354, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Line Heater 1 MID 128 PSID 103, page 69
ECM SPN 4356, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Line Heater 3 MID 128 PSID 102, page 69
ECM SPN 4375, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Pump (DEF) Drive Percentage MID 128 PSID 121, page
70
ECM SPN 4376, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Return Valve MID 128 PSID 105, page 71
ECM SPN 4752, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Cooler Efficiency MID 128 SID 282, page 72
ECM SPN 4811, Engine Piston Cooling Oil Pressure
MID 128 PPID 8, page 72
ECM SPN 4813, Engine Oil Thermostat Bypass Valve
Opening MID 128 PSID 72, page 72
ECM SPN 4815, Engine Cooling Fan Thermal Switch
Position MID 128 PPID 333, page 73
ECM SPN 5246, Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement
Severity MID 128 PSID 46, page 73
ECM SPN 5298, Aftertreatment Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
(DOC) Conversion Efficiency MID 128 PSID 99, page 74
ECM SPN 5319, Aftertreatment 1 Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Incomplete Regeneration MID 128 PSID 47, page
74
ECM SPN 5392, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Dosing Valve Loss of Prime MID 128 PSID 121,
page 74
ECM SPN 5394, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Dosing Valve MID 128 PSID 89/90, page 75
ECM SPN 5397, Aftertreatment 1 Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Regeneration Too Frequent MID 128 PSID 47,
page 75
ECM SPN 5485, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) Pump Orifice MID 128 PSID 121, page 76

13
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 84, Wheel-Based Vehicle Speed MID 128 PID 84

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing signal Engine derate SAE J1587 data link vehicle speed
rate from VECU message does not exist, (VECU error)
VECU
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Vehicle speed MIL illuminated Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
change deemed VECU
inaccurate by
VECU
FMI 13 Out of calibration No vehicle speed MIL illuminated Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
available to VECU VECU
FMI 19 Received network Vehicle speed MIL illuminated Vehicle speed sensor (VSS)
data in error deemed
inaccurate by
VECU

VECU

ECM SPN 91, Accelerator Pedal Position 1 MID 128 PID 91

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing signal N/A SAE J1587 data link pedal information
rate from VECU not available
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Pedal position MIL illuminated Accelerator pedal sensor fault
change deemed
inaccurate by
VECU
FMI 13 Out of calibration Pedal not MIL illuminated Accelerator pedal sensor fault
connected to
VECU
FMI 19 Received network Pedal position MIL illuminated Accelerator pedal sensor fault
data in error deemed
inaccurate by
VECU

ECM SPN 94, Engine Fuel Delivery Pressure MID 128 PID 94
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Low fuel pressure N/A Damaged contacts in harness
normal, or shorted sensor signal line Faulty fuel pressure sensor
to high source voltage
Open circuit.
FMI 5 Current below Low fuel pressure N/A Damaged contacts in harness
normal or open
circuit
sensor signal line
voltage
Faulty fuel pressure sensor

14
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 7 Mechanical system Drop in fuel Engine derate Clogged fuel filter
not responding pressure Faulty fuel pressure sensor
properly
Leaking fuel line or fitting
Poor fuel pump response
FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor indicates a N/A Wiring harness
invalid value Faulty fuel pressure sensor
Clogged fuel filter
FMI 15 Data valid but above Sensor indicates a N/A Wiring harness
normal operating invalid value Faulty fuel pressure sensor
range - Least severe
level
FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor indicates a N/A Wiring harness
normal operating invalid value Faulty fuel pressure sensor
range - Least severe
level Clogged fuel filter

FMI 18 Data valid but below Drop in fuel Engine derate Clogged fuel filter
normal operating pressure Faulty fuel pressure sensor
range - Moderately
severe level Leaking fuel line or fitting
Poor fuel pump response

ECM SPN 97, Water in Fuel Indicator MID 128 PID 97

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Water in fuel is Uneven running Water in fuel
normal operational indicated Engine stalling
range - Most severe
level
FMI 3 Voltage above N/A Undetected water Open circuit
normal, or shorted in fuel supply
to high source Uneven running
Engine stalling
FMI 4 Voltage below N/A Undetected water Short to ground
normal, or shorted in fuel supply Open circuit
to low source Uneven running Faulty sensor

ECM SPN 98, Engine Oil Level MID 128 PID 98

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but above Critically below Red Stop or Low oil level leakage
normal operational
range
range yellow Check
lamps illuminated
Critically low oil level

dependent of
severity

15
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit - Oil level can not Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensor failure
normal, or shorted Positive side be measured Faulty harness
to low source
FMI 5 Current below Short Circuit +, Oil level can not Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensor failure
normal or open Positive side be measured Faulty harness
circuit Open Circuit +,
Positive side
Open Circuit-
Negative side
FMI 18 Data valid but below Moderately below Red Stop or Low oil level leakage
normal operating range yellow Check Moderately low oil level
range - Moderately Critically below lamps illuminated
severe level range dependent of
severity

ECM SPN 100, Engine Oil Pressure MID 128 PID 100
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Critically below Engine derate Oil leakage
normal operational range Low pressure Broken oil pump
range
Red Stop lamp Clogged oil system
illuminated
FMI 3 Voltage below Short Circuit +, Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal or shorted Measuring line shows 0 in the failure
low Open Circuit, cluster, engine is Faulty harness
Ground line running
Yellow Check
lamps illuminated
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit +, 5V Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal or open Supply line shows 0 in the failure
circuit Short Circuit -, cluster, engine is Faulty harness
Measuring line running

Open Circuit, Yellow Check

Measuring line lamps illuminated

FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor indicates a Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
invalid value shows 0 in the failure
cluster, engine is Faulty harness
running
FMI 15 Data valid but above Sensor indicates a Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal operating invalid value shows 0 in the failure
range - Least severe
level
cluster, engine is
running
Faulty harness

FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor indicates a Oil pressure Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensor
normal operating invalid value shows 0 in the failure
range - Least severe cluster, engine is Faulty harness
level running

16
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 102, Engine Intake Manifold 1 Pressure MID 128 PID 102
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Intake Manifold Engine derate Faulty harness
intermittent or Pressure Sensor MIL lamp Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
incorrect output is too high illuminated
or too low
FMI 3 Voltage above A short to battery Engine derate Faulty harness
normal, or shorted in the metering MIL lamp Harness connectors
to high source circuit illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
An open in the
ground circuit
of the Intake
Manifold Pressure
Sensor
FMI 5 Current below A short to ground Engine derate Faulty harness
normal or open in the harness MIL lamp Harness connectors
circuit An open in the 5 illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
volt supply circuit
An open in the
metering circuit
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Intake Manifold Engine derate Faulty harness
device or
component
Pressure sensor
output is too high
MIL lamp Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
illuminated
Sensor indicates
a invalid value
FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor indicates Engine derate Faulty harness
a invalid value MIL lamp Harness connectors
illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
FMI 14 Special instructions Intake Manifold Engine derate Faulty harness
Pressure sensor
output is too low
MIL lamp Intake Manifold Pressure sensor
illuminated Inlet air leakage
Sensor indicates
a invalid value
FMI 15 Data valid but above Intake Manifold Engine derate Faulty harness
normal operating Pressure sensor MIL lamp Harness connectors
range - Least severe output is too high
level
illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure sensor

FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor indicates Engine derate Faulty harness
normal operating a invalid value MIL lamp Harness connectors
range - Least severe
level
illuminated Intake Manifold Pressure sensor

17
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 103, Engine Turbocharger 1 Speed MID 128 PID 103
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update A fault is logged if Engine derate Faulty harness
rate the Turbocharger MIL illuminated Faulty harness connector
Speed Sensor
signal is lost Turbocharger Speed Sensor

ECM SPN 105, Engine Intake Manifold 1 Temperature MID 128 PID 105
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Sensor indicates a Engine derate Poor cooling
normal operational invalid value MIL illuminated Extreme running conditions
range - Most severe
level
FMI 2 Data erratic, The Intake Engine derate Poor cooling
intermittent or Manifold MIL illuminated Extreme running conditions
incorrect Temperature
sensor output is Engine Intake Manifold sensor
too high or too low Faulty harness
Faulty harness connector
Ambient Air Temperature sensor
FMI 4 Voltage below N/A Difficult to start in Engine Intake Manifold sensor
normal, or shorted cold climates Faulty harness
to low source Minor cold engine Faulty harness connector
smoke
Engine derate
MIL illuminated
FMI 5 Current below Possible short to Difficult to start in Engine Intake Manifold sensor
normal or open sensor cold climates Faulty harness
circuitt Engine derate Faulty harness connector
MIL illuminated
FMI 13 Out of Calibration The sensor output Engine derate Engine Intake Manifold sensor
is showing a Minor cold engine Faulty harness
constant value smoke Faulty harness connector
MIL illuminated
FMI 17 Data valid but below The sensor output Engine derate Engine Intake Manifold sensor
normal operating is showing a Minor cold engine Faulty harness
range - Least severe constant value
level
smoke Faulty harness connector
MIL illuminated

18
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 108, Barometric Pressure MID 128 PID 108

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Barometric Minor engine Faulty Sensor
intermittent or Pressure sensor derate Faulty Engine Control Module
incorrect output is too high MIL illuminated
or too low
FMI 3 Voltage above Short to battery on MIL illuminated Internal fault in the Engine Control
normal, or shorted the metering side Module
to high source Faulty Sensor
FMI 4 Voltage below A short to ground MIL illuminated Internal fault in the Engine Control
normal, or shorted on the metering Module
to low source side Faulty Sensor

ECM SPN 110, Engine Coolant Temperature MID 128 PID 110
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Coolant Engine derate Extreme driving condition
normal operational
range - Most severe
temperature
indicates critical
Red Stop or Faulty coolant thermostat

level limit
yellow Check Malfunctioning fan
lamps illuminated
dependent of Blocked radiator
severity
FMI 2 Data erratic, Engine Coolant May affect Faulty Sensor
intermittent or Temperature driveability in Faulty harness
incorrect sensor output is extreme cases
Faulty coolant thermostat
too high or too low MIL illuminated
FMI 4 Voltage below Engine Coolant Difficult to start in Faulty Sensor
normal or shorted Temperature cold climates Faulty harness
low sensor voltage Idle run regulation
too low is deteriorated
MIL illuminated
FMI 5 Current below N/A Difficult to start in Faulty Sensor
normal or open cold climates Faulty harness
circuit Idle run regulation
is deteriorated
MIL illuminated
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Engine Coolant May affect vehicle Faulty Sensor
change Temperature driveability Faulty harness
sensor output
is showing a
MIL illuminated

constant value
FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Sensor
range
Sensor indicates a
invalid value

19
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 16 Data valid but above Coolant Engine derate Extreme driving condition
normal operating temperature Yellow Check Faulty coolant thermostat
range - Moderately indicates
severe level moderate upper
lamp illuminated Malfunctioning fan
limit Blocked radiator
FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Sensor
normal operating range
range - Least severe Sensor indicates a
level invalid value

ECM SPN 111, Engine Coolant Level MID 128 PID 111
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Critically below Engine derate Coolant level below range
normal operational range Red Stop lamp Faulty harness
range - Most severe Coolant level can illuminated
level not be detected Coolant level can
not be detected
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit +, Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal, or shorted measuring line not be detected Faulty harness connector
to high source Coolant level can Yellow Check Faulty level sensor
not be detected lamp illuminated
FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit -, Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal, or shorted measuring line not be detected Faulty harness connector
to low source Coolant level can Yellow Check Faulty level sensor
not be detected lamp illuminated
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal or open Coolant level can not be detected Faulty harness connector
circuit not be detected Yellow Check Faulty level sensor
lamp illuminated
FMI 14 Special instructions Sensor out of Coolant level can Faulty harness
range not be detected Faulty harness connector
Sensor indicates a Yellow Check Faulty level sensor
invalid value lamp illuminated
FMI 18 Data valid but below Sensor out of Coolant level can Faulty harness
normal operating range not be detected Faulty harness connector
range - Moderately Sensor indicates a Yellow Check Faulty level sensor
severe level invalid value lamp illuminated

20
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 153, Engine High Resolution Crankcase Pressure MID 128
PID 153/PSID 23
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Out of range, max Red Stop lamp Piston ring blow-by
normal operational voltage, illegal illuminated
range - Most severe Critically Above Forced idle
level Range Engine shut down
FMI 2 Data erratic, Crankcase MIL illuminated Faulty Crank Case Pressure senor
intermittent or pressure Faulty harness
incorrect indication to high
or to low a value
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit +, MIL illuminated Faulty Crank Case Pressure senor
normal or shorted to Measuring line Yellow Check Faulty harness
high source Open Circuit, lamp illuminated
Ground line
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit +, 5V MIL illuminated Faulty Crank Case Pressure senor
normal or open Supply Line Yellow Check Faulty harness
circuit Short Circuit -, lamp illuminated
measuring line
Open Circuit,
measuring line
FMI 7 Mechanical system Leakage detected MIL illuminated Faulty separator, hoses or pipes
not responding or in the crankcase
out of adjustment ventilation system
FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Sensor
range
Sensor indicates a
invalid value
FMI 15 Data valid but above Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Sensor
normal operating range
range - Least severe Sensor indicates a
level invalid value
FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Sensor
normal operating range
range - Least severe
level
Sensor indicates a
invalid value

ECM SPN 158, Keyswitch Battery Potential MID 128 PID 158/PSID 124
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Aftertreatment N/A Charging system fault
normal operational control module External charger
range (ACM) battery
voltage too high ACM

21
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 1 Data valid but below Aftertreatment Starter will not Charging system fault
normal operational control module crank Battery
range (ACM) battery
voltage too low Ground connection

FMI 3 Voltage above Engine control N/A Charging system fault

normal, or shorted module (ECM) External charger
to high source battery voltage too
high ECM

FMI 4 Voltage below Engine control Starter will not Charging system fault
normal, or shorted module (ECM) crank Battery
to low source battery voltage too
low Ground connection

FMI 16 Data valid but above Aftertreatment N/A Charging system fault
normal operating control module External charger
range - Moderately (ACM) battery
severe level voltage too high ACM

FMI 18 Data valid but below Aftertreatment Starter will not Charging system fault
normal operating control module crank Battery
range - Moderately (ACM) battery
severe level voltage too low Ground connection

ECM SPN 171, Ambient Air Temperature (AAT) MID 128 PID 171
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Key ON, AAT N/A Faulty instrument cluster
intermittent or message missing Faulty harness
incorrect on SAE J1939 and
SAE J1587 data
links
FMI 9 Abnormal Update Key ON, AAT N/A Faulty instrument cluster
Rate message missing
on SAE J1587
Faulty harness

data link
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of AAT sensor signal MIL illuminated Faulty instrument cluster
change fault
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Loss of SAE MIL illuminated Faulty instrument cluster
device or J1939 data link Faulty harness
component communication
between engine
control module
(ECM) and
instrument cluster
control module

22
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 13 Out of calibration AAT sensor signal MIL illuminated Faulty instrument cluster/harness or
fault cluster harness connectors
No AAT calculated
by Vehicle ECU
No valid ambient
temperature
received by
Engine Control
Module
FMI 14 Special instructions AAT sensor signal MIL illuminated AAT sensor signal missing from
fault Vehicle ECU
FMI 19 Received network AAT sensor signal MIL illuminated Faulty instrument cluster
data in error fault

ECM SPN 173, Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) MID 128 PID 173
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above EGT is critically Engine derate Faulty harness
normal operational high Poor driveability Faulty harness connector
range - Most severe
level Aftertreatement Intake air leak
regeneration is
not possible
FMI 2 Data erratic, Sensor is not MIL illuminated Faulty harness
intermittent or rational Aftertreatement Faulty harness connector
incorrect regeneration is Exhaust leak
not possible
Intake air leak
Sensor failure
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground on MIL illuminated Sensor failure
normal, or shorted the metering side Aftertreatement Faulty harness
to low source of the circuit regeneration is
not possible
Faulty harness connector
Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
FMI 5 Current below Short to battery on MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open the metering side Sensor failure
circuit of the circuit
Faulty harness connector
Open in the
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit

23
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 15 Data valid but above Sensor out of MIL illuminated Sensor failure
normal operating range Faulty harness
range - Least severe Sensor indicates a
level invalid value
FMI 16 Data valid but above EGT is moderately Engine derate Faulty harness
normal operating too high Poor driveability Faulty harness connector
range - Moderately
severe level Intake air leak

ECM SPN 175, Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) 1 MID 128 PID 175
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Extreme driving Red Stop or Extreme driving conditions
normal operational conditions yellow Check Engine cooling fan
range - Most severe EOT critically lamps illuminated
Oil thermostat
level above range dependent of
severity Coolant system
Engine derate Clogged oil cooler
FMI 2 Data erratic, EOT sensor MIL illuminated EOT sensor failure
intermittent or indicating too high In some cases Faulty harness
incorrect or too low a value may have
(abnormal value) an effect on
driveability
FMI 4 Voltage below Short circuit -, MIL illuminated EOT sensor failure
normal, or shorted measuring line Yellow Check Faulty harness
to low source lamp illuminated
FMI 5 Current below Short circuit +, MIL illuminated EOT sensor failure
normal or open measuring line Yellow Check Faulty harness
circuit Open circuit lamp illuminated
FMI 13 Out of Calibration Sensor out of MIL illuminated EOT sensor failure
range
Sensor indicates a
invalid value
FMI 16 Data valid but above Extreme driving Yellow Check Extreme driving conditions
normal operating conditions lamp illuminated Engine cooling fan
range - Moderately
severe level
EOT is moderately Engine derate Oil thermostat
too high
Coolant system
Clogged oil cooler
FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor out of MIL illuminated Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) sensor
normal operating range failure
range - Least severe
level
Sensor indicates a
invalid value

24
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 177, Transmission Oil Temperature MID 128 PID 177
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Oil temperature Red Stop or Transmission oil cooler
normal operational critically above yellow Check Coolant system
range - Most severe range lamps illuminated
level dependent of
severity
FMI 16 Data valid but above Oil temperature Yellow Check Extreme driving conditions
normal operating is moderately too lamp illuminated Engine cooling fan
range - Moderately high
severe level Oil thermostat
Coolant system
Clogged oil cooler

ECM SPN 188, Engine Speed At Idle, Point 1 (Engine Configurations)

MID 128 PID 188
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Engine idle speed MIL illuminated Engine oil entering cylinders
normal operational above desired High engine oil Leaking or faulty fuel injector
range - Most severe speed consumption
level
High fuel
consumption
FMI 1 Data valid but below Engine idle speed MIL illuminated Low engine torque production
normal operational below desired High fuel Faulty fuel injector
range - Most severe speed
level
consumption Low cylinder compression
Engine friction is too high

ECM SPN 190, Engine Speed MID 128 PID 190

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Engine is/was Red Stop lamp Engine oil entering cylinders
normal operational
range - Most severe
overspeeding illuminated Faulty crankcase oil filter

level Possible engine brake engaged

causing engine overspeeding
Possible transmission downshift
causing engine overspeeding

25
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 228, Speed Sensor Calibration MID 128 PID 228
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update SAE J1587 data Your trip data VECU
rate link calibration
factor message
does not exist.
(vehicle ECU
(VECU) error).
FMI 11 Failure mode not SAE J1587 data Your trip data VECU
identifiable link calibration
factor message
does not exist.
(vehicle ECU
(VECU) error).

ECM SPN 237, Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) MID 128 PSID 161
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, No answer from Yellow Check Data link error
intermittent or VIN lamp illuminated Engine control module (ECM)
incorrect Engine will not Missing VIN in other electronic control
start units (ECUs) commonly vehicle
electronic control unit (VECU), light
control module (LCM)
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Bad answer from Yellow Check Engine control module (ECM)
device or VIN lamp illuminated Mismatched VIN sent from other
component Engine will not electronic control units (ECUs)
start commonly vehicle electronic control
unit (VECU), light control module
(LCM))

ECM SPN 245, Total Vehicle Distance MID 128 PID 245
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update SAE J1587 data N/A VECU
rate link total vehicle
distance message
does not exist.
(vehicle ECU
(VECU) error).

26
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 251, Time MID 128 PID 251

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Time data N/A Instrument Cluster
intermittent or message missing
incorrect on SAE J1587 and
J1939 data links.
(Cluster error).
Time stamp
from cluster isnt
available.
FMI 9 Abnormal update Time data N/A Instrument Cluster
rate message didnt
arrive when
expected. (Cluster
error).
Time stamp
from cluster isnt
available.

FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Soak time too MIL illuminated Instrument Cluster
change long.
Time data fault,
data deemed
inaccurate.
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Time and date MIL illuminated Instrument Cluster
device or data missing on Faulty harness
component J1939 data link.
Faulty harness connector
FMI 13 Out of calibration Time/date fault MIL illuminated Instrument Cluster
Faulty harness
Faulty harness connector
FMI 19 Received network Soaktime too long. MIL illuminated Instrument Cluster
data in error Time data fault,
data deemed
inaccurate.

27
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 252, Date MID 128 PID 252

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update Time stamp N/A Instrument Cluster
rate from cluster isnt
available.
Date data
message missing
on SAE J1587
data link. (Cluster
error).

ECM SPN 411, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Differential

Pressure MID 128 PID 411
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above EGR differential MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal operational pressure sensor Engine derate Faulty harness connector
range - Most severe output reading too
level high. (abnormal Faulty sensor
value) EGR leakage
Clogged EGR cooler
FMI 2 Data erratic, Only used to N/A N/A
intermittent or control EGR valve.
incorrect
FMI 3 Voltage above Short to battery in MIL illuminated Faulty EGR differential pressure
normal or shorted to metering line Engine derate sensor connector
high source Open in the Faulty EGR differential pressure
ground circuit sensor harness
Faulty EGR differential pressure
sensor
FMI 5 Current below Open in the 5 volt MIL illuminated Faulty EGR differential pressure
normal or open supply line Engine derate sensor connector
circuit Short to ground in Faulty EGR differential pressure
metering line sensor harness
Open in the Faulty EGR differential pressure
metering line sensor
FMI 7 Mechanical system EGR differential MIL illuminated Faulty EGR differential pressure
not responding or pressure sensor Engine derate sensor connector
out of adjustment is read either to Faulty EGR differential pressure
high or too low. sensor harness
(Abnormal value).
Faulty EGR differential pressure
sensor
EGR valve
EGR valve leak
Clogged venturi

28
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 10 Abnormal rate of EGR differential N/A Faulty EGR differential pressure
change pressure sensor sensor
out of range (too
high)
FMI 14 Special instructions EGR differential N/A Faulty EGR differential pressure
pressure sensor sensor
out of range (too
low)
FMI 16 Data valid but above EGR differential N/A Faulty EGR differential pressure
normal operating pressure sensor sensor
range - Moderately out of range (too
severe level high)
FMI 18 Data valid but below EGR differential N/A Faulty EGR differential pressure
normal operating pressure sensor sensor
range - Moderately out of range (too
severe level low)

ECM SPN 412, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Temperature

MID 128 PID 412
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Engine EGR Engine derate Extreme driving conditions
normal operational Temperature is EGR cooler failure
range - Most severe above range
level
FMI 2 Data erratic, EGR temperate MIL illuminated Faulty sensor
intermittent or signal, believed Engine derate
incorrect to be not valid
(plausibility fault)
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground MIL illuminated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
normal, or shorted on the metering Engine power connector
to low source side of the EGR will be derated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
Sensor circuit according to the harness
error torque map Faulty EGR temperature sensor
FMI 5 Current below Short to battery MIL illuminated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
normal or open in the metering Engine derate connector
circuit side of the EGR Faulty EGR temperature sensor
Sensor circuit harness
Open in the Faulty EGR temperature sensor
metering side of
the EGR Sensor
circuit
Open circuit in
the ground line of
the EGR Sensor
circuit

29
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 13 Out of calibration Engine EGR MIL illuminated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
temperature connector
sensor is out of Faulty EGR temperature sensor
range (low) harness
Sensor indicates Faulty EGR temperature sensor
a invalid value
FMI 13 Out of calibration Engine EGR Engine derate Extreme driving conditions
temperature EGR cooler failure
sensor is above
range
FMI 15 Data valid but above Engine EGR MIL illuminated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
normal operating temperature connector
range - Least severe
level
sensor is out of
range (high)
Faulty EGR temperature sensor
harness
Sensor indicates Faulty EGR temperature sensor
a invalid value
FMI 16 Data valid but above Engine EGR Engine derate Extreme driving conditions
normal operating temperature is EGR cooler failure
range - Moderately above range
severe level
FMI 17 Data valid but below Engine EGR MIL illuminated Faulty EGR temperature sensor
normal operating temperature is connector
range - Least severe out of range (low) Faulty EGR temperature sensor
level Sensor indicates harness
a invalid value Faulty EGR temperature sensor

ECM SPN 558, Accelerator Pedal 1 Idle Validation Switch (IVS) MID 128
SID 230
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above IVS signal shorted Yellow Check Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted to voltage lamp illuminated
to high source
FMI 5 Current below IVS signal shorted Yellow Check Faulty harness or connector
normal or open to ground or open lamp illuminated
circuit

ECM SPN 626, Intake Air Heater (IAH) Relay MID 128 PID 45
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit +, IAH relay not IAH relay solenoid shorted
normal, or shorted Measuring line activated
to high source White smoke for
cold start
Start problems in
cold climate

30
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit -, Yellow Check Faulty harness

normal, or shorted Measuring line lamp illuminated
to low source Induction air is hot
IAH relay is
impossible to turn
off
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit Preheat relay not Faulty IAH relay
normal or open activated Faulty harness
circuit White smoke for
cold start
Start problems in
cold climate

ECM SPN 628, Program Memory MID 128 SID 240

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Check sum error Red Stop lamp Engine Control Module (ECM)
intermittent or illuminated software
incorrect Engine will not
start

FMI 11 Root cause not Bad software MIL illuminated Engine Control Module (ECM)
known configuration Engine will not software
start
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Error on code-part Red Stop lamp Engine Control Module (ECM)
device or of flash RAM or illuminated software
component erased vendor Nothing functions Engine Control Module (ECM)
area
FMI 14 Special instructions VIN not loaded yet Flashing MIL Vehicle identification number (VIN)
Engine will not missing
start

31
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 629, Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 1 MID 128 SID 254
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Self test failure Red Stop lamp ECM
or pulse width or illuminated
period Not possible to
program Engine
Control Module
(ECM)

FMI 12 Bad intelligent Self test failure Red Stop lamp ECM
device or illuminated
component Engine will not
start

ECM SPN 630, Calibration Memory MID 128 SID 253

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Check sum error Red Stop lamp Engine Control Module (ECM)
intermittent or illuminated software
incorrect Engine will not
start

FMI 12 Bad intelligent Check sum error Red Stop lamp Engine Control Module (ECM)
device or illuminated
component Engine will not
start
FMI 14 Special instructions Vehicle Loss of log data Engine Control Module (ECM)
identification and some user software
number (VIN) not configurable data
loaded yet

32
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 631, Calibration Module MID 128 PSID 77/PSID 124
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Check sum error Engine will not Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
normal, or shorted start software error
to high source
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Reset of ECM Engine will not Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
or pulse width or does not work start software error
period

ECM SPN 633, Engine Fuel Actuator 1 Control Command MID 128 SID 18
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + Yellow Check Faulty solenoid
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty harness
to high source Valve constantly Faulty engine control module (ECM)
shut driver
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted Yellow Check Faulty solenoid
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty harness
to low source High fuel Faulty engine control module (ECM)
consumption due driver
to fuel leakage
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty solenoid
normal or open lamp illuminated Faulty harness
circuit Valve constantly
shut

ECM SPN 636, Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor MID 128 SID 21
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Phase Error MIL illuminated Engine timing
intermittent or - Incorrect Increase in fuel
incorrect correlation consumption
between CMP
and crankshaft
position (CKP)
sensor

33
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 3 Voltage above Missing Signal MIL illuminated Faulty harness

normal, or shorted from CMP sensor Possible loss of
to high source Open in the CMP engine power
sensor circuit Increased engine
Short to battery in start time
the CMP sensor
circuit
Short to ground in
the CMP sensor
circuit
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Noisy Signal from MIL illuminated Faulty CMP sensor
or pulse width or CMP sensor Possible loss of Faulty harness
period Open in the CMP engine power
sensor circuit Increased engine
start time

34
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 637, Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor MID 128 SID 22
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Intermittent or MIL illuminated Faulty CKP sensor harness
intermittent or weak signal Yellow Check Faulty CKP sensor
incorrect lamp illuminated
Increased fuel
consumption
Imprecise engine
timing
Increased fuel
consumption
Uneven cylinder
balancing
Power loss
Smoke
FMI 3 Voltage above Missing signal MIL illuminated Faulty CKP sensor harness
normal, or shorted CKP sensor Yellow Check Faulty CKP sensor
to high source Open in the CKP lamp illuminated
sensor circuit Possible loss of
Short to battery in engine power
the CKP sensor Increased fuel
circuit consumption
Short to ground in
the CKP sensor
circuit
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Erratic or MIL illuminated Faulty CKP sensor harness
or pulse width or
period
intermittent signal
from CKP sensor
Yellow Check Faulty CKP sensor mounting
lamp illuminated
Open in the CKP Possible loss of
sensor engine power
Increased engine
start time
Increased fuel
consumption
Uneven cylinder
balancing
Power loss
Smoke

35
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 639, SAE J1939 Data Link 1 MID 128 SID 231
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, SAE J1939 high or MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
intermittent or low circuit shorted
incorrect +
SAE J1939 high or
low circuit shorted

SAE J1939 high
or low circuit open

ECM SPN 641, Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Actuator

1 MID 128 SID 27
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Engine VGT Yellow Check N/A
normal operational actuator lamp illuminated
range - Most severe temperature out Possible engine
level of range derate
FMI 2 Data erratic, Engine VGT MIL illuminated Disturbance on SAE J1939 (CAN2)
intermittent or actuator has Yellow Check data link
incorrect not seen a valid lamp illuminated
command on SAE
J1939 (CAN2) Low boost
data link Low power
Incorrect data Nozzle opens
Smoke from
engine
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground MIL illuminated Faulty engine VGT actuator connector
normal, or shorted Yellow Check Faulty engine VGT actuator harness
to low source lamp illuminated Low battery voltage
Nozzle will open
resulting in low
power and low
boost
Engine VGT
actuator will
continue to
attempt and
maintain target
nozzle position

36
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 7 Mechanical system Mechanical MIL illuminated Engine VGT actuator motor effort
not responding or problem with Yellow Check is temporarily limited to prevent
out of adjustment the engine VGT lamp illuminated overheating
actuator
Low boost and Restrictions detected when running
smoke learn sequence

Possible engine Engine VGT actuator is slow to follow

derate commands

Power loss in Engine VGT actuator position is not

some cases when tracking command
actuator motor
has been disabled
FMI 9 Abnormal update Data from the MIL illuminated Data link harness
rate engine VGT Yellow Check No supply to engine VGT actuator
actuator has
been missing for
lamp illuminated Engine VGT actuator
2-seconds Engine derated Engine VGT actuator connector
(major)
EGR valve closed
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Engine VGT MIL illuminated Loss of communication
device or disabled Yellow Check Internal diagnostic failures
component by internal
diagnostics
lamp illuminated Data storage failure
Nozzle will open Over rotation
resulting in low
power, low boost Engine VGT actuator
and smoke Engine VGT actuator connector
FMI 13 Out of calibration Failed self- Yellow Check VGT actuator
calibration lamp illuminated

ECM SPN 642, Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Actuator 2

MID 128 PPID 89
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above VGT actuator Red Stop or Coolant system malfunction
normal operational temperature is yellow Check Extreme driving conditions
range - Most severe critically high lamps illuminated
level dependent of Overheated engine VGT actuator
severity
Engine derate
FMI 16 Data valid but above VGT actuator Yellow Check lamp Coolant system malfunction
normal operating temperature is illuminated Extreme driving conditions
range - Moderately moderately too Engine derate Overheated engine VGT actuator
severe level high

37
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 647, Engine Fan Clutch Output Device Driver MID 128 SID 33
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Short to positive Yellow Check Faulty cooling fan actuator
normal, or shorted in the cooling fan lamp illuminated Faulty cooling fan actuator harness or
to high source control circuit Increased fuel connector
consumption
Fan runs at full
speed
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground Yellow Check Faulty cooling fan actuator
normal, or shorted in the cooling fan lamp illuminated Faulty cooling fan actuator harness or
to low source control circuit Fan always connector
Output voltage deactivated or
is 1/3 the supply always activated if
voltage fault is intermittent
FMI 5 Current below Open in the Increased fuel Faulty cooling fan actuator
normal or open cooling fan control consumption Faulty cooling fan actuator harness or
circuit circuit Fan runs at full connector
speed

ECM SPN 651, Engine Injector Cylinder 1 MID 128 SID 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)

38
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module (ECM) knowing
properly Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without ECM knowing
data above limit Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

ECM SPN 652, Engine Injector Cylinder 2 MID 128 SID 2

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module (ECM) knowing
properly Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
data above limit module (ECM) knowing
Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

39
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 653, Engine Injector Cylinder 3 MID 128 SID 3

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module ECM knowing
properly Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
data above limit module ECM knowing
Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

ECM SPN 654, Engine Injector Cylinder 4 MID 128 SID 4

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)

40
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module (ECM) knowing
properly Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
data above limit module (ECM) knowing
Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

ECM SPN 655, Engine Injector Cylinder 5 MID 128 SID 5

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module (ECM) knowing
properly Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
data above limit module (ECM) knowing
Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

41
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 656, Engine Injector Cylinder 6 MID 128 SID 6

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Harness shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted low side circuit Yellow Check
to high source lamp illuminated
Engine power loss
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 5 Current below Harness shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open +, or open high Yellow Check Faulty engine injector
circuit side circuit lamp illuminated
Harness shorted Engine power loss
low side circuit
Engine running
uneven (misfire)
FMI 7 Mechanical system Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
not responding data above limit module (ECM) knowing
properly Faulty engine fuel injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel
FMI 13 Out of calibration Cylinder balancing MIL illuminated PTO engaged without engine control
data above limit module (ECM) knowing
Faulty engine injector
Low cylinder compression
Damaged or flywheel

ECM SPN 677, Engine Starter Motor Relay MID 128 SID 39
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + Yellow Check Faulty starter relay
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Fault harness
to high source Engine will not
start
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty starter relay
normal or open lamp illuminated Fault harness
circuit Engine will not
start

42
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 729, Intake Air Heater (IAH) 1 MID 128 SID 70
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted +, Yellow Check Faulty IAH relay
normal, or shorted measuring line lamp illuminated Faulty IAH 1
to high source
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted , Yellow Check Faulty IAH relay
normal, or shorted measuring line lamp illuminated Faulty IAH 1
to low source

FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty IAH 1

normal or open lamp illuminated
circuit

ECM SPN 730, Intake Air Heater (IAH) 2 MID 128 SID 71
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted +, Yellow Check Faulty IAH relay
normal, or shorted measuring line lamp illuminated Faulty IAH 2
to high source
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted , Yellow Check Faulty IAH relay
normal, or shorted measuring line lamp illuminated Faulty IAH 2
to low source

FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty IAH 2

normal or open lamp illuminated
circuit

43
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 931, Engine Fuel Supply Pump Actuator MID 128 SID 78
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Fuel priming pump Fuel priming or Faulty actuator
normal, or shorted circuit shorted + drain aborted and Faulty harness
to high source inhibited
FMI 4 Voltage below Fuel priming pump Fuel priming Faulty actuator
normal, or shorted circuit shorted , pump Faulty harness
to low source permanently on
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit fuel Fuel priming or Faulty actuator
normal or open priming pump drain inhibited Faulty harness
circuit

ECM SPN 970, Engine Auxiliary Shutdown Switch MID 128 PPID 6
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Engine shutdown Engine shutdown Engine shutdown switch
normal, or shorted switch circuit switch can not be
to high source shorted + activated
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit in Engine shutdown Engine shutdown switch
normal or open engine shutdown switch can not be
circuit switch activated

ECM SPN 975, Estimated Percent Fan Speed (MID 128 PID 26)
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Missing signal Higher fuel Cooling Fan Speed (CFS) sensor
normal, or shorted from Fan Speed consumption failure
to high source Sensor Will work as on/off Faulty Cooling Fan Speed (CFS)
Short Circuit +, fan, 100%fan sensor harness
Measuring line speed if cooling is
Short Circuit -, needed
Measuring line
Open Circuit,
Measuring line
Open Circuit,
Ground line

44
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1072, Engine Compression Brake Output #1 MID 128 PPID 122
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Below range Info lamp Low engine oil temperature
normal operational illuminated
range - Most severe No engine
level compression
brake
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit + Yellow Check lamp Faulty engine compression brake
normal, or shorted illuminated actuator
to high source Engine Faulty harness
compression
brake can not
be turned on
Engine brake
function derated
Gear shift
performance
derated for
some automatic
transmissions
FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit - Yellow Check lamp Faulty engine compression brake
normal, or shorted illuminated actuator
to low source Engine Faulty harness
compression
brake can not
be turned off
Engine stops
running
Engine impossible
to restart
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit Yellow Check lamp Faulty engine compression brake
normal or open illuminated actuator
circuit Engine Faulty harness
compression
brake can not
be turned on
Engine brake
function derated
Gear shift
performance
derated for
some automatic
transmission
boxes

45
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1127, Engine Turbocharger Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP)

MID 128 PSID 98
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Engine MIL illuminated Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
normal operational turbocharger Turbocharger system failure
range boost pressure surge Faulty engine turbocharger oulet
is too high pressure sensor
FMI 1 Data valid but below Engine MIL illuminated Air leak in turbocharger hoses, pipes,
normal operational turbocharger Engine derate brackets, cooler or components
range boost pressure
Engine slow to EGR system fault
is too low
respond
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Poor engine MIL illuminated Engine turbocharger inlet air system
change turbocharger Engine power leak
boost pressure loss/re- Faulty engine turbocharger
response sponse/drivability
FMI 11 Root cause not Engine variable MIL illuminated Engine VGT fault
known geometry
turbocharger
(VGT) control
mode fault
FMI 14 Special instructions Poor engine MIL illuminated Air leak in engine turbocharger hoses,
turbocharger pipes, brackets, cooler or components
boost pressure Engine variable geometry turbocharger
response (VGT) fault
Oil pressure fault
FMI 16 Data valid but above Engine MIL illuminated Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
normal operating turbocharger Engine system failure
range - Moderately boost pressure turbocharger Faulty sensor
severe level is too high surge
FMI 18 Data valid but below Engine MIL illuminated Air leak in engine turbocharger hoses,
normal operating turbocharger Engine derate pipes, brackets, cooler or components
range - Moderately boost pressure
Engine slow to Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
severe level is too low system failure
respond

ECM SPN 1136, Engine Control Module (ECM) Temperature MID 128
PPID 55
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause
fault Symptoms:
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground N/A ECM
normal, or shorted on the metering
to low source circuit

46
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 5 Current below Short to battery N/A ECM

normal or open in the metering
circuit circuit
Open in the
metering circuit
Open circuit in the
ground circuit

ECM SPN 1198, Antitheft Random Number MID 128 PID 224
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Engine control Yellow Check Security system failure
intermittent or module (ECM) lamp illuminated
incorrect and instrument Can start engine
cluster control
module security
codes do not
match
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Security system Yellow Check Security system failure
device or not installed lamp illuminated
component Can start engine

47
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1231, SAE J1939 Data Link 2 MID 128 PSID 229
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
intermittent or Circuit shorted Engine power loss
incorrect
Open circuit No Aftertreatment
Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF)
dosing
No engine
variable
geometry engine
turbocharger
(VGT) control
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing signal MIL illuminated SAE J1939 data link
rate from transmission Yellow Check Faulty harness or connectors
control module
(TCM)
lamp illuminated DEF pump
No Aftertreatment DEF control module
Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF)
dosing

ECM SPN 1265, Engine Piston Cooling Oil Pressure Actuator MID 128
SID 85
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + Yellow Check Faulty harness
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty actuator
to high source Possible smoke
during start up
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted Red Stop lamp Faulty harness
normal, or shorted illuminated Faulty actuator
to low source Engine damage
can occur without
piston cooling

FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty harness

normal or open lamp illuminated Faulty actuator
circuit Possible smoke
during start up

48
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1322, Engine Misfire for Multiple Cylinders MID 128 PSID 27
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injectors
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period multiple cylinders
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injectors
detected in Rough idle
multiple cylinders

ECM SPN 1323, Engine Misfire Cylinder #1 MID 128 SID 1

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 1
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder1

ECM SPN 1324, Engine Misfire Cylinder #2 MID 128 SID 2

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 2
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder 2

ECM SPN 1325, Engine Misfire Cylinder #3 MID 128 SID 3

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 3
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder 3

49
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1326, Engine Misfire Cylinder #4 MID 128 SID 4

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 4
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder 4

ECM SPN 1327, Engine Misfire Cylinder #5 MID 128 SID 5

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 5
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder 5

ECM SPN 1328, Engine Misfire Cylinder #6 MID 128 SID 6

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
or pulse width or detected in Rough idle
period cylinder 6
FMI 31 Condition exists Cylinder misfires MIL illuminated Engine injector
detected in Rough idle
cylinder 6

50
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1659, Engine Coolant System Thermostat MID 128 PSID 109
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7 Mechanical system Thermostat stuck Possible poor Coolant thermostat
not responding or closed drivability
out of adjustment

FMI 12 Bad intelligent Thermostat is MIL illuminated Coolant thermostat

device or leaking or stuck Longer engine
component open warm up time
Poor heat in cab

ECM SPN 1675, Engine Starter Mode MID 128 SID 39

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Starter Engine will not Starter is deactivated due to
normal operational overheating start overheating
range - Most severe
level
FMI 7 Mechanical system Transmission not Engine will not Starter is deactivated due to
not responding or in neutral start overheating
out of adjustment
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Starter gear is Engine will not Starter is deactivated due to
change stuck, engaged start overheating
with engine
FMI 14 Special instructions PTO is engaged Engine will not Starter is deactivated due to
or switch on start overheating

51
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 1677, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Auxiliary

Heater Mode MID 128 PSID 25
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Truck has idled Red Stop lamp Extremely cold ambient temperatures
normal operational too long without illuminated PTO operated with limited exhaust
range most completing a Engine derate temperatures
severe level periodic heat
mode High temperature Engine turbocharger
spikes in DPF Engine turbocharger compressor
when driving bypass valve
is resumed or
during stationary
regeneration
FMI 7 Mechanical system Truck has idled Yellow Check Extremely cold ambient temperatures
not responding or too long without lamp illuminated PTO operated with limited exhaust
out of adjustment completing a White exhaust temperatures
periodic heat
mode
smoke Engine turbocharger
High temperature Engine turbocharger compressor
spikes in DPF bypass valve
when driving
is resumed or
during stationary
regeneration
FMI 16 Data valid but above Truck has idled Yellow Check Extremely cold ambient temperatures
normal operating too long without lamp illuminated PTO operated with limited exhaust
range - Moderately completing a White exhaust temperatures
severe level periodic heat
mode
smoke Engine turbocharger
High temperature Engine turbocharger compressor
spikes in DPF bypass valve
when driving
is resumed or
during stationary
regeneration

ECM SPN 1761, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank Level
PPID 278
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Short circuit high N/A Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
normal, or shorted side assembly/sensor failure
to high source
FMI 5 Current below Short circuit + Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
normal or open
circuit
Open circuit lamp illuminated assembly/sensor failure

FMI 11 Root cause not Aftertreatment Low N/A

known DEF tank level low aftertreatment
(driver warning) DEF fluid lamp
illuminated

52
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 14 Special Instructions Aftertreatment Low N/A

DEF tank almost aftertreatment
empty (driver DEF fluid lamp
warning) illuminated
No Aftertreatment
DEF dosing
FMI 18 Data valid but below Aftertreatment Low N/A
normal operating DEF tank almost aftertreatment
range - Moderately empty (driver DEF fluid lamp
severe level warning) illuminated
No aftertreatment
DEF dosing

ECM SPN 2017, Cruise Control Status MID 128 PID 85

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing cruise Cruise control No clutch information to engine control
rate control signal does not work module (ECM) from SAE J1939 data
from vehicle link
electronic control
unit (VECU)

ECM SPN 2023, Invalid or Missing Data From Instrument Cluster MID
128 PSID 202
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Missing signal Yellow Check Faulty harness or connections
or pulse width or from instrument lamp illuminated
period cluster via SAE
J1939 (CAN 1)
data link (CM1
signal)

ECM SPN 2029, Invalid or Missing Data from Vehicle ECU MID 128 PSID
201
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing signal MIL illuminated Faulty harness
rate from cluster

53
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 2629, Engine Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Temperature

MID 128 PID 404
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Estimated engine Engine derate High ambient air temperature (AAT)
normal operational turbocharger Low barometric pressure
range - Most severe discharge
level temperature error. Leak in engine turbocharger inlet tube

FMI 2 Data erratic, Engine Engine derate Engine turbocharger outlet temperature
intermittent or turbocharger MIL illuminated sensor
incorrect outlet temperature
signal believed to
be not valid (high)
(plausibility fault)
FMI 4 Voltage below Short circuit , MIL illuminated Engine turbocharger outlet temperature
normal, or shorted measuring line Yellow Check sensor
to low source lamp illuminated Faulty harness
FMI 5 Current below Short circuit +, MIL illuminated Engine turbocharger outlet temperature
normal or open measuring line Yellow Check sensor
circuit Open circuit lamp illuminated Faulty harness
FMI 13 Out of calibration Sensor out of MIL illuminated Engine turbocharger outlet temperature
range sensor
FMI 15 Data valid but above Sensor out of MIL illuminated Engine turbocharger outlet temperature
normal operating range sensor
range - Least severe
level
FMI 17 Data valid but below Sensor out of MIL illuminated Faulty Engine turbocharger outlet
normal operating range temperature sensor
range - Least severe
level

ECM SPN 2659, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Mass Flow Rate
MID 128 PPID 35
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0
(J1587
Data valid but above EGR flow is too MIL illuminated Faulty EGR system

only)
normal operational
range
high Exhaust smoke

FMI 1 Data valid but below EGR flow is too MIL illuminated Faulty EGR system
normal operational
range
low Clogged EGR cooler

54
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 16 Data valid but above EGR flow is too MIL illuminated Faulty EGR system
normal operating high Exhaust smoke Faulty harness or connector
range - Moderately
severe level
FMI 18 Data valid but below EGR flow is too MIL illuminated Faulty EGR system
normal operating low Clogged EGR cooler
range - Moderately
severe level Faulty harness or connector

ECM SPN 2791, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Control
MID 128 SID 146
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Stuck EGR valve MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted
to high source
EGR valve circuit Engine derate Faulty EGR valve
shorted +
EGR valve circuit
shorted to
FMI 5 Current below Open EGR valve MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal or open circuit Engine derate Faulty EGR valve
circuit

55
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3031, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank

Temperature MID 128 PPID 274
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
normal operational DEF tank No Aftertreatment assembly/sensor failure
range - Most severe temperature too DEF dosing
level high
Date data
message missing
on SAE J1587
data link. (cluster
error).
FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit - MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
normal, or shorted assembly/sensor failure
to low source Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
asssembly/sensor wiring or connectors
FMI 5 Current below Short Circuit + MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
normal or open Open Circuit assembly/sensor failure
circuit Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
assembly/sensor wiring or connectors
FMI 8 Abnormal frequency Sensor ripple is N/A Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
or pulse width or not too high assembly/sensor failure
period Aftertreatment DEF tank pickup
assembly/sensor wiring or connectors

ECM SPN 3064, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System

Monitor MID 128 PPID 326
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Moderately high Yellow Check Aftertreatment DPF clogged
normal operational soot load lamp illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
range - Most severe Medium to high clogged
level engine derate Aftertreatment regeneration disabled
by driver or other component
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Soot loading high Yellow Check No error, condition occurs during heavy
change due to heavy lamp illuminated load or use with high soot loading
load or use (no
problem)
Engine derate

FMI 11 Root cause not Critically high soot Red Stop lamp Aftertreatment DPF clogged
known load illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
High engine Aftertreatment regeneration disabled
derate by driver or other component
Engine derate

56
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3216, Aftertreatment Intake NOx MID 128 PPID 348
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Engine outlet NOx high
intermittent or intake NOx sensor Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
incorrect error (plausibility) sensor
Mismatch
between
aftertreatment
intake NOx sensor
and aftertreatment
outlet NOx sensor
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit, MIL illuminated Faulty wiring between aftertreatment
normal, or shorted aftertreatment intake NOx sensor and sensor
to high source intake NOx signal electronic control module
Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
sensor
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit, MIL illuminated Faulty wiring between aftertreatment
normal or open aftertreatment intake NOx sensor and sensor
circuit intake NOx signal electronic control module
Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
sensor
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing MIL illuminated Loss of communication from
rate signal from Yellow Check aftertreatment intake NOx sensor
aftertreatment lamp illuminated electronic control module and engine
intake NOx sensor control module (ECM)
FMI 11 Root cause not Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
known intake NOx sensor sensor
measures near
zero for long time
with high load
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
device or intake NOx sensor
component sensor, signal
corrupt (incorrect
value)
FMI 13 Out of calibration Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
intake NOx, sensor
sensor activation
(incorrect value)
FMI 14 Special instructions Missing MIL illuminated Voltage to aftertreatment intake NOx
signal from sensor is too high or too low
aftertreatment Faulty aftertreatment intake NOx
intake NOx sensor sensor
due to battery
voltage

57
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3226, Aftertreatment Outlet NOx MID 128 PPID 270/ PSID 90
MID 233 Fault code sent by MID 128 engine control module (ECM)

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause

fault Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Engine outlet NOx high
intermittent or intake NOx sensor Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
incorrect error (plausibility) sensor
Mismatch between Aftertreatment diesel exhaust fluid
aftertreatment (DEF) quality
intake NOx sensor
and aftertreatment
outlet NOx sensor
FMI 3 Voltage above Short Circuit, MIL illuminated Faulty wiring between aftertreatment
normal or shorted aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor and sensor
to high source outlet NOx signal electronic control module
Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
sensor
FMI 5 Current below Open Circuit, MIL illuminated Faulty wiring between aftertreatment
normal or open aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor and sensor
circuit outlet NOx signal electronic control module
Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
sensor
FMI 9 Abnormal update Missing MIL illuminated Loss of communication from
rate signal from Yellow Check lamp aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor
aftertreatment illuminated electronic control module and engine
outlet NOx sensor control module (ECM)
FMI 11 Root cause not Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
known outlet NOx sensor sensor
measures near
zero for long time
with high load
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Aftertreatement MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
device or outlet NOx sensor, sensor
component signal corrupt
(incorrect value)
FMI 13 Out of calibration Aftertreatement MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment outlet NOx
outlet NOx sensor
sensor, activation
(incorrect value)
FMI 14 Special instructions Missing MIL illuminated Voltage to aftertreatment outlet NOx
signal from sensor is too high or too low
aftertreatment
outlet NOx sensor
Faulty harness to aftertreatement
outlet NOx sensor
due to battery
voltage

58
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3245, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Outlet

Temperature MID 128 PPID 436
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Aftertreatment Low engine power Restricted Catalyst
normal operational DPF outlet Intake air leak
range - Most severe temperature
level critically too high Faulty aftertreatment DPF outlet
temperature sensor
FMI 2 Data erratic, Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment DPF outlet
intermittent or DPF outlet Aftertreatment temperature sensor
incorrect temperature regeneration not Exhaust system leak
sensor is
not rational
possible Faulty harness connectors or
(plausibility) connections

FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground on MIL illuminated Faulty harness

normal, or shorted the metering side Aftertreatment Faulty aftertreatment DPF outlet
to low source of the circuit regeneration not temperature sensor
possible Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
FMI 5 Current below Short to battery on MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open the metering side Faulty aftertreatment DPF outlet
circuit of the circuit temperature sensor
Open in the Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit
FMI 15 Data valid but above Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal operating DPF outlet Faulty aftertreatment DPF outlet
range - Least severe temperature temperature sensor
level sensor is out of
range (high)
Aftertreatment
DPF outlet
temperature
sensor indicates a
invalid value

59
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3249, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Intake

Temperature MID 128 PPID 387
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty harness
intermittent or DPF intake Aborted Faulty harness connectors or
incorrect temperature aftertreatment connections
sensor is
not rational
regeneration Exhaust system leak
(plausibility) Faulty aftertreatment DPF intake
temperature sensor
FMI 4 Voltage below Short to ground on MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted the metering side Aborted Faulty aftertreatment DPF intake
to low source of the circuit aftertreatment temperature sensor
regeneration Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
FMI 5 Current below Short to battery on MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open the metering side Aftertreatment Faulty aftertreatment DPF intake
circuit of the circuit regeneration not temperature sensor
Open in the possible Aftertreatment control module (ACM)
metering side of
the circuit
Open in the
ground side of
the circuit
FMI 15 Data valid but above Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal operating DPF intake Faulty aftertreatment DPF intake
range - Least severe temperature temperature sensor
level sensor is out of
range (high)
Aftertreatment
DPF intake
temperature
sensor indicates a
invalid value

ECM SPN 3251, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Differential

Pressure MID 128 PID 81
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Critically high Engine derate Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal operational
range
pressure Red Stop lamp pressure sensor failure
illuminated
FMI 2 Data erratic, Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DPF differential
intermittent or DPF differential pressure sensor failure
incorrect pressure sensor is
not rational

60
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 3 Voltage above Short to battery on MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal, or shorted the metering side pressure sensor failure
to high source Open in the Faulty aftertreatment DPF differential
ground line pressure sensor connector
Faulty harness
FMI 5 Current below Open in 5 volt MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal or open supply line pressure sensor failure
circuit Short to ground in Faulty harness
metering line
Open in metering
line
FMI 16 Data valid but above Moderately high Engine derate Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal operating pressure pressure sensor failure
range - Moderately
severe level

ECM SPN 3363, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank Heater
MID 128 PSID 75
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, Commanded N/A Faulty harness or connectors
intermittent or valve position is Aftertreatment DEF tank temperature
incorrect not plausible sensor
Aftertreatment DEF tank heating valve
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + N/A Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
normal, or shorted
to high source
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted N/A Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
normal, or shorted Open circuit
to low source
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit N/A Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
normal or open
circuit

ECM SPN 3471, Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Control Actuator MID 128
PPID 328
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted to MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted battery Yellow Check Aftertreatment fuel pressure control
to high source lamp illuminated actuator failure
Aborted
aftertreatment
regeneration

61
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted to MIL illuminated Faulty harness

normal, or shorted ground Yellow Check Aftertreatment fuel pressure control
to low source lamp illuminated actuator failure
Aborted
aftertreatment
regeneration
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open Yellow Check Aftertreatment fuel pressure control
circuit lamp illuminated actuator failure
Aborted
aftertreatment
regeneration
FMI 7 Mechanical system Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment fuel shut off valve stuck
not responding or hydrocarbon Yellow Check open
out of adjustment doser fuel lamp illuminated Faulty fuel pressure sensor
pressure too low
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
FMI 14 Special instructions Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment fuel shut off valve
hydrocarbon Yellow Check leakage
doser fuel lamp illuminated
pressure too high
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible

ECM SPN 3480, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Fuel Pressure
MID 128 PPID 437/PSID 108
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 2 Data erratic, DPF fuel MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment fuel shut off valve
intermittent or pressure sensor Yellow Check Faulty aftertreatment DPF fuel
incorrect is not rational lamp illuminated pressure sensor
(plausibility)
Aftertreatment Air in fuel
Aftertreatment
hydrocarbon doser
regeneration not
possible
Fuel filter
fuel pressure too Aftertreatment fuel pump
low
FMI 3 Voltage above Short to battery on MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or shorted to the metering side Yellow Check Faulty aftertreatment DPF fuel
high source Open in the lamp illuminated pressure sensor
ground line Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible

62
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 5 Current below Open circuit in the MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open 5 volt supply Yellow Check Faulty aftertreatment DPF fuel
circuit Short circuit to lamp illuminated pressure sensor
ground in the Aftertreatment
metering line regeneration not
Open circuit in the possible
metering line
FMI 7 Mechanical system Mechanical MIL illuminated Faulty aftertreatment hydrocarbon
not responding or problem Engine derate doser system
out of adjustment
Possible engine Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
shutdown Faulty aftertreatment fuel shut off valve
Aftertreatment Aftertreatment fuel pump
regeneration not
possible
FMI 10 Abnormal rate of Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Faulty fuel pressure sensor
change hydrocarbon doser Yellow Check Faulty shut off valve
fuel pressure
sensor stuck
lamp illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser

Aftertreatment
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
hydrocarbon doser possible
fuel pressure too
high
FMI 15 Data valid but above Fuel pressure MIL illuminated Faulty fuel pressure sensor
normal operating sensor is out of
range - Least severe range
level Sensor indicates a
invalid value

ECM SPN 3483, Aftertreatment Regeneration Status MID 128 PSID 47

Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Unable to MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
normal operational achieve needed Possible clogged
range - Most severe aftertreatment incomplete Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser fuel
level temperature aftertreatment pressure too low
regeneration
FMI 1 Data valid but below Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
normal operational system Possible clogged
range temperature too incomplete Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser fuel
high aftertreatment pressure too high
regeneration
FMI 12 Bad intelligent Regeneration N/A Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
device or efficiency too low clogged
component Aftertreatment diesel particulate filter
(DPF) catalyst damaged
Aftertreatment diesel particulate filter
(DPF) catalyst clogged

63
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 15 Data valid but above Unable to MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
normal operating achieve needed Possible clogged
range - Least severe temperature incomplete Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser fuel
level aftertreatment pressure too low
regeneration
FMI 17 Data valid but below Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
normal operating temperature too Possible clogged
range - Least severe high incomplete Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser fuel
level aftertreatment pressure too high
regeneration

ECM SPN 3509, Sensor Supply Voltage 1 MID 128 SID 232
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Sensor supply MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted
to high source
voltage out of
range (high)
Incorrect sensor
values
FMI 4 Voltage below Sensor supply MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted voltage out of Incorrect sensor
to low source range (low) values

ECM SPN 3510, Sensor Supply Voltage 2 MID 128 SID 211
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted Incorrect sensor
to high source values
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness or connector
normal, or shorted Incorrect sensor
to low source values

ECM SPN 3511, Sensor Supply Voltage 3 MID 128 PSID 113
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted
to high source
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted
to low source

64
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3512, Sensor Supply Voltage 4 MID 128 PSID 126
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Sensor supply MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted circuit shorted + Incorrect sensor
to high source values
FMI 4 Voltage below Sensor supply MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted circuit shorted Incorrect sensor
to low source values

ECM SPN 3522, Aftertreatment Total Fuel Used MID 128 PSID 91
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Aftertreatment N/A Aftertreatment DEF system leak
normal operational Diesel Exhaust Wrong aftertreatment DEF tank
range Fluid (DEF) level
change too much Aftertreatment DEF dosing module
failure or wrong module
FMI 1 Data valid but below Aftertreatment N/A Aftertreatment DEF tank level sensor
normal operational Diesel Exhaust stuck
range Fluid (DEF) level Aftertreatment DEF system clog
change too little
Wrong aftertreatment DEF tank
Aftertreatment DEF dosing module
failure or wrong module
FMI 16 Data valid but above Aftertreatment N/A Aftertreatment DEF system leak
normal operating Diesel Exhaust Wrong aftertreatment DEF tank
range - Moderately Fluid (DEF) level
severe level change too much Aftertreatment DEF dosing module
failure or wrong module
FMI 18 Data valid but below Aftertreatment N/A Aftertreatment DEF tank level sensor
normal operating Diesel Exhaust stuck
range - Moderately Fluid (DEF) level Aftertreatment DEF system clog
severe level change too little
Wrong aftertreatment DEF tank
Aftertreatment DEF dosing module
failure or wrong module

ECM SPN 3556, Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser MID 128 PPID 329
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted to MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted battery Yellow Check Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
to high source lamp illuminated failure
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible

65
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted to MIL illuminated Faulty harness

normal, or shorted ground Yellow Check Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
to low source lamp illuminated failure
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open Yellow Check Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
circuit lamp illuminated failure
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
FMI 13 Out of calibration Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
hydrocarbon failure
doser clogged Aftertreatment fuel shut off valve
Aftertreatment fuel supply failure
FMI 14 Special instructions Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
hydrocarbon Yellow Check failure
doser leaking lamp illuminated
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible

ECM SPN 3597, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Regeneration

too Frequent MID 128 PSID 119
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to high source
Aftertreatment Control Module (ACM)

FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness

normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to low source
Aftertreatment Control Module (ACM)

66
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 3675, Engine Turbocharger Compressor Bypass Valve Position

MID 128 PPID 330
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty bypass valve solenoid
normal, or shorted On/off valve cant Yellow electronic Faulty harness
to high source be activated malfunction lamp Faulty harness connector
illuminated
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
High engine
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
FMI 4 Voltage below Short circuit - MIL illuminated Faulty bypass valve solenoid
normal, or shorted
to low source
Valve constantly Yellow Check Faulty harness
activated lamp illuminated Faulty harness connector
Major engine
derate
Exhaust manifold
overheating
Engine shut down
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty bypass valve solenoid
normal or open On/off valve cant Yellow Check Faulty harness
circuit be activated lamp illuminated Faulty harness connector
Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
High engine
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
FMI 7 Mechanical system Mechanically MIL illuminated Leaking pipes
not responding or Stuck Yellow Check Faulty bypass valve solenoid
out of adjustment On/off valve cant lamp illuminated
be activated Aftertreatment
regeneration not
possible
High engine
braking without
request
Driveability
affected
Valve constantly
activated

67
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

Major engine
derate
Exhaust manifold
overheating
Engine shut down

ECM SPN 3936, Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System

MID 128 PSID 28
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal operational DPF differential pressure sensor
range - Most severe pressure sensor Aftertreatment DPF
level value too high
FMI 1 Data valid but below Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DPF differential
normal operational DPF differential pressure sensor
range - Most severe pressure sensor Aftertreatment DPF
level value too low

ECM SPN 4094, NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Insufficient Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF) Quality MID 128 PSID 90
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Aftertreatment Yellow Check DEF quality
normal operational DEF dosing too lamp illuminated Aftertreatment DEF line clogged
range - Most severe low Engine derate Aftertreatment DEF doser
level
Aftertreatment control module failure
FMI 14 Special Instructions Aftertreatment Yellow Check DEF quality
DEF dosing too lamp illuminated Aftertreatment DEF line clogged
low Engine derate Aftertreatment DEF doser
Aftertreatment control module failure
FMI 18 Data valid but below Aftertreatment Yellow Check DEF quality
normal operating DEF dosing too lamp illuminated Aftertreatment DEF line clogged
range - Moderately low Engine derate Aftertreatment DEF doser
severe level
Aftertreatment control module failure

ECM SPN 4095, NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Interrupted Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF) Dosing MID 128 PSID 90
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7 Mechanical system Dosing failure MIL illuminated DEF level
not responding or
out of adjustment
Aftertreatment Faulty DEF pump
DEF low usage Leak in DEF hose

68
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 4334, Afterteatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Absolute
Pressure MID 128 PPID 273
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below DEF system MIL illuminated DEF pump assembly
normal operational leakage detected No Aftertreatment DEF hose
range - Most severe
level
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF dosing valve

FMI 4 Voltage below Short Circuit - MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
normal, or shorted No Aftertreatment
to low source DEF dosing
FMI 5 Current below Short Circuit + MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
normal or open Open Circuit Yellow Check
circuit lamp illuminated
No Aftertreatment
DEF dosing

ECM SPN 4354, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Line Heater 1
MID 128 PSID 103
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + N/A Faulty harness
normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to high source
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 1
failure
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted N/A Faulty harness
normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to low source
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 1
failure
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit N/A Faulty harness
normal or open Faulty connector
circuit
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 1
failure

ECM SPN 4356, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Line Heater 3
MID 128 PSID 102
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + N/A Faulty harness
normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to high source
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 3
failure

69
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted N/A Faulty harness

normal, or shorted Faulty connector
to low source
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 3
failure
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit N/A Faulty harness
normal or open Faulty connector
circuit
Aftertreatment DEF line heater 3
failure

ECM SPN 4375, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid Pump (DEF) Drive
Percentage MID 128 PSID 121
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal operational No aftertreatment Faulty connector
range - Most severe
level
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 1 Data valid but below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal operational Open circuit No aftertreatment Faulty connector
range - Most severe
level
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted No aftertreatment Faulty connector
to high source DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted
to low source
No aftertreatment Faulty connector
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open No aftertreatment Faulty connector
circuit DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure

FMI 11 Root cause not Aftertreatment Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF filter
known DEF filter full lamp illuminated

70
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 12 Bad intelligent Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty harness

device or No aftertreatment Faulty connector
component DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure

FMI 14 Special instructions Voltage to pump MIL illuminated Faulty harness

out of range No aftertreatment Faulty connector
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure

FMI 16 Data valid but above Aftertreatment Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF filter
normal operating DEF filter full lamp illuminated
range - Moderately
severe level

ECM SPN 4376, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Return Valve
MID 128 PSID 105
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal, or shorted Open circuit Not possible to Faulty connector
to low source perform afterrun Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Faulty harness
normal or open Not possible to Faulty connector
circuit perform afterrun Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
failure
FMI 7 Mechanical system Possible MIL illuminated Mechanical fault aftertreatment DEF
not responding or mechanical Not possible to return line restricted between DEF
out of adjustment problem with perform afterrun pump and DEF tank
aftertreatment Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
DEF return valve

71
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 4752, Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler Efficiency
MID 128 SID 282
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7 Mechanical system Low EGR cooler MIL illuminated EGR cooler clogged or damaged
not responding or efficiency
out of adjustment

ECM SPN 4811, Engine Piston Cooling Oil Pressure MID 128 PPID 8
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Pressure below Red Stop lamp N/A
normal operational range illuminated
range - Most severe
level
FMI 2 Data erratic, Sensor rationality Yellow Check lamp Faulty sensor
intermittent or fault illuminated Faulty valve
incorrect
FMI 3 Voltage above Short to battery in Yellow Check lamp Faulty harness
normal or shorted to metering line illuminated
high source
FMI 5 Current below Open in the Yellow Check lamp Faulty sensor
normal or open metering side illuminated Faulty harness
circuit sensor circuit
Open circuit in the
ground line sensor
circuit

ECM SPN 4813, Engine Oil Thermostat Bypass Valve Opening MID 128
PSID 72
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted + Yellow Check Faulty actuator
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty harness
to high source Oil thermostat is
always open

72
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted Yellow Check Faulty actuator

normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty harness
to low source Oil thermostat is
always closed
Engine may
overheat
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty actuator
normal or open lamp illuminated Faulty harness
circuit Oil thermostat is
always open
May have
increased fuel
consumption

ECM SPN 4815, Engine Cooling Fan Thermal Switch Position MID 128
PPID 333
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 3 Voltage above Circuit shorted to Yellow Check Faulty harness
normal, or shorted battery lamp illuminated Faulty harness connector
to high source
Faulty sensor
FMI 4 Voltage below Short circuit - Yellow Check Faulty harness
normal, or shorted lamp illuminated Faulty harness connector
to low source
Faulty sensor
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit Yellow Check Faulty harness
normal or open lamp illuminated Faulty harness connector
circuit
Faulty sensor

ECM SPN 5246, Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement Severity MID

128 PSID 46
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 0 Data valid but above Severe SCR Severe engine N/A
normal operational system fault derate
range - Most severe detected
level Warning fault
FMI 15 Data valid but above Moderate SCR Moderate engine N/A
normal operating system fault derate
range - Least severe detected
level Warning fault
FMI 16 Data valid but above SCR system Engine derate N/A
normal operating fault detected
range - Moderately Warning fault
severe level

73
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 5298, Aftertreatment Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Conversion

Efficiency MID 128 PSID 99
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7 Mechanical system Hydrocarbon MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DOC catalyst failure
not responding conversion is too Aftertreatment DOC temperature
properly low in the DOC sensor
FMI 18 Data valid but below Hydrocarbon MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DOC catalyst failure
normal operating conversion is too Aftertreatment DOC temperature
range - Moderately low in the DOC sensor
severe level

ECM SPN 5319, Aftertreatment 1 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Incomplete

Regeneration MID 128 PSID 47
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 13 Calibration values Incomplete MIL illuminated Aftertreatment fuel line clogged
outside limits aftertreatement Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser
regeneration
FMI 31 Condition exists Incomplete MIL illuminated Aftertreatment fuel line clogged
aftertreatement
regeneration
Aftertreatment hydrocarbon doser

ECM SPN 5392, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Valve
Loss of Prime MID 128 PSID 121
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 7 Mechanical system Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Empty aftertreatment DEF tank
not responding DEF pressure Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF filter clogged
properly build up failure lamp illuminated Aftertreatment DEF inlet pipe leak or
No Aftertreatment blockage
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly
FMI 31 Condition exists Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Empty aftertreatment DEF tank
Diesel Exhaust Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF filter clogged
Fluid (DEF)
pressure build
lamp illuminated Aftertreatment DEF inlet pipe leak or
up failure No Aftertreatment blockage
DEF dosing Aftertreatment DEF pump assembly

74
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 5394, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Valve
MID 128 PSID 89/90
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 1 Data valid but below Dosing failure MIL illuminated Aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor
normal operational Aftertreatment Aftertreatment Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
range DEF dosing outlet NOx catalyst malfunction
amount too low emissions too Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) mass
or DEF quality high flow failure
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
inlet temperature sensor
FMI 4 Voltage below Circuit shorted MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF dosing pump
normal, or shorted assembly
to low source
FMI 5 Current below Open circuit MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF dosing valve
normal or open Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF dosing pump
circuit lamp illuminated assembly
FMI 14 Special instructions Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Aftertreatment DEF dosing valve
DEF Dosing valve Yellow Check clogged
clogged or hose lamp illuminated Hose clogged
clogged
FMI 17 Data valid but below Dosing failure MIL illuminated Aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor
normal operating Aftertreatment Aftertreatment Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
range - Least severe DEF dosing outlet NOx catalyst malfunction
level amount too low
or DEF quality
emissions too
high
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) mass
flow failure
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
inlet temperature sensor

ECM SPN 5397, Aftertreatment 1 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

Regeneration Too Frequent MID 128 PSID 47
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 10 Abnormally strong Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Engine out soot too high
vibrations regenerations Too frequent Exhaust gas recirculation system fault
frequency too high aftertreatment Engine injectors
regenerations
Air leak
FMI 31 Condition exists Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Engine out soot too high
regenerations Too frequent Exhaust gas recirculation system fault
frequency too high aftertreatment
regenerations
Engine injectors
Air leak

75
 Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble
Group 28
Codes (DTCs)

ECM SPN 5485, Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Pump Orifice
MID 128 PSID 121
Type of FMI Description: Fault Condition: Possible Possible Cause:
fault: Symptoms:
FMI 11 Root cause not Aftertreatment MIL illuminated Bleed orifice
known DEF bleed orifice Yellow Check Aftertreatment DEF pressure sensor
clogged lamp illuminated
No Aftertreatment
DEF dosing

76