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    FIGURE 3-1 Operational Relationships Between Internal Dose, External Dose, and

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    FIGURE 3-1 Operational Relationships Between Internal Dose, External Dose, and

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    biomonitoring

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    biomonitoring

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views1 page

    FIGURE 3-1 Operational Relationships Between Internal Dose, External Dose, and

    Uploaded by

    Rezki Elisafitri
    biomonitoring

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals

    http://www. nap.edu/catalog/1 1 700. html

    76 HUMAN BIOMONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS

    Internal

    Dose
    Extern biologic
    Dose Effects
    FIGURE 3-1 Operational relationships between internal dose, external dose, and
    biologic effects. Internal dose is measured through biomonitoring. Source: Adapted
    from Bernard and Lauwerys 1986.

    Ultimately, a biomarker of exposure for which all the relationships in


    Figure 3-1 have been clearly delineated will probably be useful for risk-
    assessment purposes. The validation of biomarkers of exposure useful for
    risk-assessment purposes has been described (Schulte and Talaska 1995;
    Dor et al. 1999; WHO 2001). Chapter 5 provides case studies to illustrate
    how even partial knowledge of the relationships can guide various risk-
    assessment activities. But outside the complete risk-assessment framework,
    it should be stressed that even when only partial information is available, a
    biomarker can be useful from a public-health perspective for conducting
    some of the activities presented in Box 3-1. For example, observation in a
    prospective study that the concentration of a biomarker is increasing in the
    population might trigger complementary studies to understand the origin of
    exposure and its potential deleterious effects if these are unknown.

    As indicated above, the body of knowledge about a given biomarker of


    exposure can be variable, and the interpretation of a biomarker concentra-
    tion will depend on this body of knowledge. A framework (see Table 3-1)
    to characterize biomarkers was therefore developed to help the users of
    biomarkers to understand the advantages and the limits of interpretation of
    biomarker results. The framework links the potential uses of biomarkers to
    their properties. It is based on the simplified relationships between external
    dose, internal dose, and biologic effects (Figure 3-1). Table 3-1 consists of a
    matrix, the row headings are the properties of the biomarkers, and the
    column headings are the grouping categories (I through VII) to which spe-
    cific biomarkers might belong, depending on their properties. Based on the
    properties of a biomarker for a specific grouping category, the biomarker
    provides information for the internal dose, external dose, or biological
    effects of a particular chemical, thus providing information on uses of the
    biomarker. The matrix indicates the minimal properties of a biomarker for
    inclusion in one of the groups indicated.

    Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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