International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)

ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-1, January 2016

A Novel Control Strategy Using fuzzy Technique for

Single Phase Nine-Level Grid-Connected Inverter for
Photovoltaic system
P.Bhaskara Prasad, S.Muqthair Ali, K.Venkateswarlu

Fig 1. Fuzzy logic process A single-phase grid-connected

Abstract This paper proposes fuzzy logic controller based a inverter is usually used for an engineering application which
single-phase nine-level inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic is controlled by a fuzzy system. Types of single-phase
systems, with a novel pulse width-modulation (PWM) control grid-connected inverters have been investigated [2]. A
scheme. Four reference signals produces from fuzzy logic common topology of this inverter is full-bridge three-level.
controller which are identical to each other are going to
The three-level inverter can satisfy specifications through its
compare with the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal. The
inverter is capable of producing of nine levels of output-voltage very high switching, but it could also unfortunately increase
levels (Vdc , 3Vdc /4, Vdc /2,Vdc/4, 0, Vdc , 3Vdc/4, switching losses, acoustic noise, and level of interference to
Vdc/2Vdc/4) from the dc supply voltage. The total harmonic other equipment. Improving its output waveform reduces its
distortion is reduces by this control strategy. The proposed harmonic content and, hence, also the size of the filter used
system was verified through simulation The total harmonic and the level of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated
distortion is reduces by this control strategy. The proposed by the inverters switching operation [3]. The input for a
system was verified through simulation seven level inverter is photo voltaic cells which reduces the
pollution level due to generation [4].
Index Terms Fuzzy logic Controller, Grid connected,
modulation index, multilevel inverter, photovoltaic (PV) system, II. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLERS
pulse width-modulated (PWM), total harmonic distortion
(THD). A. Introduction to fuzzy logic:
The logic of an approximate reasoning continues to grow in
I. INTRODUCTION importance, as it provides an in expensive solution for
Fuzzy controllers are uses for controlling consumer products, controlling know complex systems. Fuzzy logic controllers
such as washing machines, video cameras, and rice cookers, are already used in appliances washing machine, refrigerator,
as well as industrial processes, such as cement kilns, vacuum cleaner etc. Computer subsystems (disk drive
underground trains, and robots. Fuzzy control is a control controller, power management) consumer electronics (video,
method based on fuzzy logic. Just as fuzzy logic can be camera, battery charger) C.D. Player etc. and so on in last
described simply as computing with words rather than decade, fuzzy controllers have convert adequate attention in
numbers; fuzzy control can be described simply as control motion control systems. As the later possess non-linear
with sentences rather than equations. A fuzzy controller can characteristics and a precise model is most often unknown.
include empiric al rules, and that is especially useful in Remote controllers are increasingly being used to control a
operator controlled plants [1]. The objective here is to system from a distant place due to inaccessibility of the
identify and explain design choices for engineers. system or for comfort reasons. In this work a fuzzy remote
controllers is developed for speed control of a converter fed
dc motor. The performance of the fuzzy controller is
compared with conventional P-I controller.

B. Unique features of fuzzy logic

The unique features of fuzzy logic that made it a particularly
good choice for many control problems are as follows, It is
inherently robust since it does not require precise, noise free
inputs and can be programme to fail safely is a feedback
sensor quits or is destroye. The output control is a smooth
control function despite a wide range of input variations.
Since the fuzzy logic controller processes user-define rules
governing the target control system, it can be modify and
easily to improve or drastically alter system performance.
P.Bhaskara Prasad, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences, New sensors can easily be incorporates into the system simply
Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh , India. by generating appropriate governing rules.
S.Muqthair Ali, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences, C. Fuzzification and Normalization
Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh , India.
K.Venkateswarlu, PG Student, Department of Electrical & Electronics Fuzzification is relate to the vagueness and imprecision in a
Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Rajampet, natural language. It is a subjective valuation, which
Andhra Pradesh , India.

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 A Novel Control Strategy Using fuzzy Technique for Single Phase Nine-Level Grid-Connected Inverter for
Photovoltaic system

transforms a measurement into a valuation of an objective iii. Implication from the antecedent to the consequent (Then
input space to fuzzy sets in certain input universes of part of the rule).
discourse. In fuzzy control applications, the observed data are iv. Aggregation of the consequents across therules.
usually crisp. Since the data manipulation in a fuzzy logic v. Defuzzification.
controller is based on fuzzy set theory, fuzzification is Generally there will be a matrix of rules similar tot eh ES rule
necessary in an earlier stage. matrix for Ex: There are 7MF for input variables x and MF
for input variable y then there will be all to get her35 rules.
D. Membership functions
Fuzzy system uses 4 different shapes of MFs., those are G. Implication method
Triangular, Gaussian, Trapezoidal, sigmoid, etc., The implication step (3) introduces to evaluate the individual
i. Triangular membership function rules.
The simplest and most commonly used membership functions Methods:
are triangular membership functions, which are Symmetrical 1) MAMDANI
and asymmetrical in shape Trapezoidal membership functions 2) SUGENO
are also symmetrical or asymmetrical has the shape of 3) LUSING LARSON.
truncated triangle i. Mamdani

ii. Gaussian membership function Mamdani, one of the pioneers in the application of FL in
Two membership functions Triangular and Trapezoidal are control systems, proposes this implication method. This
built on the Gaussian curve and two sided composite of two Mamdani method is most commonly used method. The
different Gaussian curves. outputs of the Mamdani method is truncated Signals of the
inputs; this output is depending on the minimum values in the
E. Fuzzy system inputs.
The fuzzy interface system Fuzzy system basically consists of Ex: If X is zero (ZE) AND y is positive (PS) Then Z is
a formulation of the mapping from a given input set to an negative.
output set using Fuzzy logic. The mapping process provides ii. Sugeno
the basis from which the interference or conclusion can be
made. The sugeno or Takgi-Sugeno-Kang method of implication
was first introduced in1985. The difference here is that unlike
F. Steps for A Fuzzy interface process the Mamdani and Lusins Larson methods, the output MFS are
i. Fuzzification of input variables. only constants or have linear relations with the inputs with a
ii. Application of Fuzzy operator.(AND, OR, NOT) In the IF constant output MF (Singleton), it is defined as the Zero-order
(antecedent) part of the rule. Sugeno method; whereas with a linear relation, it is known as
iii. Implication from the antecedent to the consequent(Then first order Sugeno method. The outputs of the sugeno method
part of the rule). have a constant minimum value in the input.

H. Defuzzification and Denormalization

The function of a defuzzification module (DM) is as follows:

Performs the so-called defuzzification, which converts the set
of modified control output values into single point wise
values. Performs an output denormilization, which maps the
pointwise value of the control output onto its physical
domain. This step in not needed if non normalized fuzzy sets
is used. A defuzzification strategy is aimesat producing a
non-fuzzy control action that best represents the possibility of
an inferred fuzzy control action. Seven strategies in the
literature, among the many that have been proposed by
investigators, are popular for defuzziffying fuzzy output
Fig 2. Membership functions functions:
E. Fuzzy system
The fuzzy interface system Fuzzy system basically consists of i. Max-membership principle
a formulation of the mapping from a given input set to an ii. Centroid method
output set using Fuzzy logic. The mapping process provides iii. Weighted average method
the basis from which the interference or conclusion can be iv. Mean-max member ship
made. v. Centre of sums.
vi. Centre of largest area
F. Steps for A Fuzzy interface process vii. First (or last) of maxima.
The best well-known defuzzification method is Centroid
i. Fuzzification of input variables. method.
ii. Application of Fuzzy operator.(AND, OR, NOT) In the IF
(antecedent) part of the rule.

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-1, January 2016

Fig 3. Center of area, method of defuzzification

Fig.5. Fuzzy interface system
The above operation in a graphical way, it can be seen that
this defuzzification method takes into account the area of U as
whole. Thus if the area of two clipped fuzzy sets constituting
U overlap, then the over lapping are isnot reflected in the
above formula. This operation is computationally rather
complex and therefore results in quite slow inference cycles.
Denormalization is the process to convert per unit quantities
into actual quantities. Membership shapes of I/O fuzzy sets
and assignment of the control rules in the error phase plane.
i. Membership functions for inputs and output

I. Editing of fuzzy interface system

In this we edit the rules, ranges of each membership functions

for inputs and outputs. The step by step procedure: Fig.6. Fuzzy Rule Viewer
Step 1:- Edit the membership functions.
Input 1:- trimf, number 5, range
Input 2:- trimf, number 5, range
OUTPUT:-trimf, number 5, range
Step 2:- edit rules.
Step (a): first take the relating rules.
Step (b): add the rules respectively by selecting each
Variable.
Step 3:- Export the FIS editor to the workspace
Step 4:- Link this FIS editor to the FIS rule viewer.

Fig 7. Fuzzy Rule Editor

III. PROPOSED MULTILEVEL INVERTER :

The proposed single-phase nine-level inverter was
developed from the seven-level inverter in. It comprises a
single-phase conventional H-bridge inverter, two bi-
directional switches, and a capacitor voltage divider formed
by C1, C2, C3, and C4 as shown in Fig. 8.
The modified H-bridge topology is significantly advan-
tageous over other topologies, i.e., less power switch, power
diodes, and less capacitors for inverters of the same number of
levels. Photovoltaic (PV) arrays were connected to the
inverter via a dcdc boost converter.
The power generated by the inverter is to be delivered to the
power network, so the utility grid, rather than a load, was
used.
The dcdc boost converter was required. The because the PV
arrays had a voltage that was lower than the grid voltage. High
Fig 4. Membership figures for input and output dc bus voltages are necessary to ensure that power flows from
the PV arrays to the grid.

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 A Novel Control Strategy Using fuzzy Technique for Single Phase Nine-Level Grid-Connected Inverter for
Photovoltaic system

A filtering inductance Lf was used to filter the current injected S4 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to ground.
into the grid. Proper switching of the inverter can produce All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to
seven output-voltage levels (Vdc, 3Vdc /4, Vdc /2, Vdc/4, 0, the load terminals is 3Vdc/4.
Vdc, 3Vdc /4, Vdc/2, Vdc/4) from the dc supply voltage. Half of the positive output (Vdc/2): The bidirectional switch
S6 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and S4 is
ON, connecting the load negative terminal to ground. All
other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the
load terminals is Vdc/2.
One-fourth of the positive output (Vdc/4): The bidirectional
switch S7 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and
S4 is ON, connecting the load negative terminal to ground.
All other controlled switches are OFF; the voltage applied to
the load terminals is Vdc/4.
Zero output: This level can be produced by two switching
combinations; switches S3 and S4 are ON, or S1 andS2 are
ON, and all other controlled switches are OFF; terminal ab is
a short circuit, and the voltage applied to the load terminals is
zero.
Fig.8.Proposed single phase nine-level grid-connected
inverter for photovoltaic systems.

TABLE 1 Out Put Voltage According To The Switches

On Off:

IV. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM:

The control system comprises a fuzzy logic controller, a
Fig. 9. Nine-level inverter for switching operation. dc-bus voltage controller, reference-current generation and a
current controller.
The single-phase nine-level inverter was developed from the The two main tasks of the control system are maximization of
seven-level inverter as shown in Fig.8. It comprises a the energy transferred from the PV arrays to the grid, and
single-phase conventional H-bridge inverter, three generation of a sinusoidal current with minimum harmonic
bidirectional switches, and a capacitor voltage divider formed distortion, also under the presence of grid voltage harmonics.
by C1, C2,C3 and C4, , as shown in Fig. 1. The modified As the dc-link voltage Vdc was controlled in the
H-bridge topology is significantly have advantages converter. dcac seven level PWM inverter, the change of the duty cycle
The dcdc boost converter was required because the changes the voltage at the output of the PV panels.
PV arrays had a voltage that was lower than the single-phase A fuzzy controller was implemented to keep the output
voltage. High dc bus voltages are necessary to ensure that voltage of the dcdc boost converter (Vdc) constant by
power flows from the PV arrays to the single-phase induction comparing Vdc and Vdc ref and feeding the error into the
motor. The LC-filter is modeled to obtain pure sine-wave and fuzzy controller, which subsequently tries to reduce the error.
is given to drive a single-phase induction motor.. Proper In this way, the Vdc can be maintained at a constant value and
switching of the inverter can produce nine- at more than 2 of Vgrid to inject power into the grid. To
output-voltage-levels ( Vdc, 3Vd c /4, V d c /2, V d c /4, 0 deliver energy to the grid, the frequency and phase of the PV
,-Vdc/4, -Vdc/2, -3Vdc/4, - Vdc) from the dc supply voltage. inverter must equal those of the grid; therefore, a grid
The proposed inverters operation can be divided into nine synchronization method is needed. The sine lookup table that
switching states. The required nine levels of output voltage generates reference current must be brought into phase with
were generated as follows. the grid voltage (Vgrid). For this, the grid period and phase
Maximum positive output (Vdc): S1 is ON; connecting the must be detected.
load positive terminal to Vdc, and S4 is ON, connecting the The proposed inverter provides an analog zero-crossing
load negative terminal to ground. All other controlled detection circuit on one of its input ports where the grid
switches are OFF; the voltage applied to the load terminals is voltage is to be connected. The zero-crossing circuit then
Vdc. produces an in-phase square-wave output that is fed into the
Three-fourth positive output (3Vdc/4): The bidirectional digital I/O port on eZdsp board TMS320F2812. A fuzzy
switch S5 is ON, connecting the load positive terminal, and controller was used as the feedback current controller for the
application. The current injected into the grid, also known as

71 www.ijeas.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-1, January 2016
grid current Igrid, was sensed and fed back to a comparator
that compared it with the reference current Igridref .
Igridref is the result of the inverter current . The error from the
comparison process of Igrid and Igridref was fed into the
fuzzy controller. The output of the fuzzy controller, also
known as Vref, goes through an anti windup process before
being compared with the triangular wave to produce the
switching signals for S1S7 Eventually, Vref becomes Vref1;
Vref2; Vref3 and Vref4 can be derived from Vref1 by shifting
the offset value, which was equivalent to the amplitude of the
triangular wave. Fig 13 inverter output voltage

The dc-bus voltage was set at 300 V (>2Vgrid; in this case,

Vgrid was 120 V). The dc-bus voltage must always be higher
than 2 of Vgrid to inject current into the grid, or current will
be injected from the grid into the inverter.
Therefore, operation is recommended to be between Ma =
0.66 and Ma = 1.0. Vinv comprises seven voltage levels,
namely, Vdc, 3Vdc/4, Vdc/2, Vdc/4, 0; Vdc, 3Vdc/4,
Vdc/2, and Vdc/4.The current flowing into the grid was
Fig.10. shows the simulation result of inverter output voltage filtered to resemble a pure sine wave in phase with the grid
Vinv. voltage see Fig. 11. As Igrid is almost a pure sine wave at
unity power factor, the total harmonic distortion (THD) can
be reduced compared with the THD.

V. CONCLUSION:
Multilevel inverters offer improved output waveforms and
lower THD. This paper has presented a novel PWM switching
scheme for the proposed multilevel inverter. It utilizes four
reference signals and a triangular carrier signal to generate
PWM switching signals.
The behavior of the proposed multilevel inverter was
analyzed in detail. By controlling the modulation index, the
desired number of levels of the inverters output voltage can
be achieved.
Fig 11 inverter voltage and current From the simulataion shows the less THD in the
nine-level inverter compared with that in the seven- level is an
attractive solution for grid-connected PV inverters

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