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    Solubility Equil2014 PDF

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    Khaled Abeed
    This document discusses solubility equilibria and the solubility product constant (Ksp). It defines Ksp as the product of the molar concentrations of ions in a saturated solution of an ionic compound. A compound dissolves until its ion product equals its Ksp value. The document provides examples of calculating Ksp from concentrations and calculating concentrations from a given Ksp. It also discusses when precipitation will occur based on comparisons of the ion product to Ksp. Precipitation occurs when the ion product is greater than Ksp, indicating the solution is supersaturated.

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    Solubility Equil2014 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Khaled Abeed
    34 views5 pages
    This document discusses solubility equilibria and the solubility product constant (Ksp). It defines Ksp as the product of the molar concentrations of ions in a saturated solution of an ionic compound. A compound dissolves until its ion product equals its Ksp value. The document provides examples of calculating Ksp from concentrations and calculating concentrations from a given Ksp. It also discusses when precipitation will occur based on comparisons of the ion product to Ksp. Precipitation occurs when the ion product is greater than Ksp, indicating the solution is supersaturated.

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    This document discusses solubility equilibria and the solubility product constant (Ksp). It defines Ksp as the product of the molar concentrations of ions in a saturated solution of an ionic compound. A compound dissolves until its ion product equals its Ksp value. The document provides examples of calculating Ksp from concentrations and calculating concentrations from a given Ksp. It also discusses when precipitation will occur based on comparisons of the ion product to Ksp. Precipitation occurs when the ion product is greater than Ksp, indicating the solution is supersaturated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views5 pages

    Solubility Equil2014 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Khaled Abeed
    This document discusses solubility equilibria and the solubility product constant (Ksp). It defines Ksp as the product of the molar concentrations of ions in a saturated solution of an ionic compound. A compound dissolves until its ion product equals its Ksp value. The document provides examples of calculating Ksp from concentrations and calculating concentrations from a given Ksp. It also discusses when precipitation will occur based on comparisons of the ion product to Ksp. Precipitation occurs when the ion product is greater than Ksp, indicating the solution is supersaturated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    SolubilityEquil 1

    Solubility Equilibrium

    Solubility Product

    If an insoluble or slightly soluble material placed in water then


    there is Equilibrium between solid and ions in solution

    for AgCl (s) Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

    K = [Ag+] [Cl-] but there is no conc for pure solid [AgCl]


    [AgCl]

    so just write

    Ksp = [Ag+] [ Cl-]

    Ksp is solubility product


    Ksp is function of temperature table of values at 25C
    Concentration is in mol/L

    Ksp (AgCl) = 1.7 x10-10


    Ksp (PbCl2) = 1.6 x10-5

    More soluble then more ions in solution and Ksp is larger value

    Example - Bisthmium Sulfide

    For Bi2S3 2 Bi3+ + 3 S2-

    Write Ksp = [Bi3+]2 [S2-]3

    Must account for all ions present but not solid


    SolubilityEquil 2

    Ksp Problems

    1. Know concentrations find Ksp

    2. Know Ksp find concentrations

    Example (1) :

    For Silver Chromate


    Maximum 7.8 x10-5 mol Ag2CrO4 dissolves in 1 L of water
    Find Ksp = ?

    Ag2CrO4 2 Ag+ + CrO42-

    Ksp = [Ag+]2 [CrO42-]

    Ksp = [ ( 2 ) ( 7.8 x10-5 ) ]2 [ 7.8 x10-5 ]


    Ksp = 1.9 x10-12

    Example (2):

    For CaF2 given that Ksp = 3.9 x10-11


    find concentrations in saturated solution [Ca2+] = ? [F-] = ?

    CaF2 Ca2+ + 2 F-
    x 2x

    Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]2


    3.9 x10-11 = [x] [2x]2
    3.9 x10-11 = 4x3
    x = 2.1 x10-4

    So
    [Ca2+] = 2.1 x10-4 mol/L
    [F-] = 4.2 x10-4 mol/L
    SolubilityEquil 3

    Corrections to Model

    Complications in this model occur and less correct if:


    1. at higher concentrations
    2. if other ions present

    A more complex analysis uses activities in place of concentrations but we can


    ignore this correction.

    Example when Ksp does not predict correctly due to salt effect solubility of a
    salt is increased by presence of other ions in solution

    AgCl 20% more soluble in 0.20 M KNO3, other ions surround ions in solution so
    more stable and tend to stay in solution

    Normally dont have such complications for dilute solutions (can ignore)
    SolubilityEquil 4

    Precipitation

    The formula for the concentrations used to calculate the Ksp is the ion product

    [Ag+] [Cl-]
    [Bi3+] 2 [S2-]3
    [Ag+] 2 [CrO42-]

    Ion product (IP) actual concentrations present

    Relation between Ksp and ion product

    Ion product < Ksp Unsaturated solution


    Ion product = Ksp Saturated solution
    Ion product > Ksp Supersaturated solution expect precipitate will form

    Supersaturated dissolve at one temperature where Ksp greater, then allow temp to
    come to desired value if ions stay in solution then IP > Ksp

    Normally,
    Unless special information given
    IP > Ksp Precipitate will form
    IP Ksp No precipitate

    IP Example-
    Will precipitate form from
    10 mL of 0.010M AgNO3 and 10 mL 0.0001 M NaCl mixed
    if Ksp = 1.7 x10-10 AgCl ?

    (Conc.) (Vol.) = (mol)

    moles of Ag+ = (0.01 mol/L) (0.010 L) = 1.0 x10-4 mol


    Cl- = (1.0 x10-4 mol/L) (0.010 L) = 1.0 x10-6 mol

    Conc. after dilution (1.0 x10-4 mol)/ (0.020 L) = 5.0 x10-3 M Ag+
    (1.0 x10-6 mol)/ (0.020 L) = 5.0 x10-5 M Cl-

    [Ag+] [Cl-] = 2.5 x10-7 > Ksp


    AgCl will precipitate!
    SolubilityEquil 5

    IP Example

    Will precipitate form from?


    0.001M Mg(NO3)2 in pH = 9.0
    given Ksp = 8.98 x10-12 Mg(OH)2

    So first find pOH = 5.0


    then [OH-] = 1.0 x10-5

    IP = [Mg2+] [OH-]2
    = [1.0 x10-3] [1.0 x10-5 ] 2
    = 1.0 x10-13 < Ksp
    No precipitate

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