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    Principles of Operation of A PH Meter

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    aathira
    A pH meter measures the voltage difference between a pH-sensitive glass electrode and a reference electrode placed in a test solution. The glass electrode contains an inner solution of fixed hydrogen ion concentration separated from the test solution by a thin glass membrane. The reference electrode maintains a constant potential. To use the pH meter, it must be calibrated with standard buffer solutions and the electrode rinsed with water between measurements. Accuracy depends on calibration, avoiding static charge on the electrode, and measuring at room temperature.

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    Principles of Operation of A PH Meter

    Uploaded by

    aathira
    61 views3 pages
    A pH meter measures the voltage difference between a pH-sensitive glass electrode and a reference electrode placed in a test solution. The glass electrode contains an inner solution of fixed hydrogen ion concentration separated from the test solution by a thin glass membrane. The reference electrode maintains a constant potential. To use the pH meter, it must be calibrated with standard buffer solutions and the electrode rinsed with water between measurements. Accuracy depends on calibration, avoiding static charge on the electrode, and measuring at room temperature.

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    4-pH METER

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    A pH meter measures the voltage difference between a pH-sensitive glass electrode and a reference electrode placed in a test solution. The glass electrode contains an inner solution of fixed hydrogen ion concentration separated from the test solution by a thin glass membrane. The reference electrode maintains a constant potential. To use the pH meter, it must be calibrated with standard buffer solutions and the electrode rinsed with water between measurements. Accuracy depends on calibration, avoiding static charge on the electrode, and measuring at room temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    61 views3 pages

    Principles of Operation of A PH Meter

    Uploaded by

    aathira
    A pH meter measures the voltage difference between a pH-sensitive glass electrode and a reference electrode placed in a test solution. The glass electrode contains an inner solution of fixed hydrogen ion concentration separated from the test solution by a thin glass membrane. The reference electrode maintains a constant potential. To use the pH meter, it must be calibrated with standard buffer solutions and the electrode rinsed with water between measurements. Accuracy depends on calibration, avoiding static charge on the electrode, and measuring at room temperature.

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    pH METER

    Principles of operation of a pH meter

    A pH meter is essentially a voltmeter with high input impedance which measures

    the voltage of an electrode sensitive to the hydrogen ion concentration, relative to another

    electrode which exhibits a constant voltage. The key feature of the pH-sensitive electrode

    is a thin glass membrane thats outside surface contacts the solution to be tested. The

    inside surface of the glass membrane is exposed to a constant concentration of hydrogen

    ions (0.1 M HCl).

    Inside the glass electrode assembly, a silver wire, coated with silver chloride and

    immersed in the HCl solution, is called an Ag/AgCl electrode. This electrode carries

    current through the half-cell reaction. The potential between the electrode and the

    solution depends on the chloride ion concentration, but, since this is constant (0.1 M), the

    electrode potential is also constant.

    A reference electrode is needed to complete the electrical circuit. A common choice is to

    use another Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference. The Ag/AgCl electrode is immersed in

    an 0.1 M KCl solution which makes contact with the test solution through a porous fiber

    which allows a small flow of ions back and forth to conduct the current. The potential

    created at this junction between the KCl solution and the test solution is nearly zero and

    nearly unaffected by anything in the solution, including hydrogen ions.

    Using the pH Meter: Allow the meter a few minutes to stabilize after you plug it in. When

    you are not using the meter, keep the electrode immersed in pH 7.0 buffer to a depth of

    about one inch. The meter must be calibrated by using standards of known pH before an
    unknown is measured. Since the unknowns are acidic, the pH 4.00 and pH 7.00 standards

    should be used.

    An accurate pH reading depends on standardization, the degree of static charge, and the

    temperature of the solution.

    Glass electrode Reference electrode Combined electrode

    1. The pH meter should be standardized each time it is used with a buffer of known

    pH, preferably one closest to the desired final pH. To calibrate the pH meter, expose

    the hole in the electrode, rinse the electrode with deionized water, and place the

    electrode in a standard solution, e.g., pH 7. Turn the selector to "pH". Adjust the pH

    meter to the appropriate pH. Rinse electrode with deionized water and place in a

    second standard buffer solution. The choice of the second standard depends on the

    final he standard pH buffers used should be 7 and 10. If the final pH desired, for

    example, if the final pH desired is 8.5, t pH desired is 5.5, the standard pH buffers

    used should be 4 and 7. Turn the selector to "pH". Adjust the temperature knob to the
    second standard pH. Rinse the electrode with deionized water, and return the

    electrode to the soaking solution.

    2. When rinsing the electrode, never wipe the end, but blot gently since wiping can

    create a static electric charge, which can cause erroneous readings,

    3. Make sure the solution you are measuring is at room temperature since the pH can

    change with a change in temperature.

    4. The pH-sensitive glass membrane is very thin and very easily broken. Do not

    touch the membrane with anything harder than a Kim-Wipe and do that very gently.

    Do not drop the electrode or bump it on the bottom of the beaker when immersing it

    in a solution.

    5. The glass membrane must be thoroughly hydrated to work properly. Do not allow

    the electrode to remain out of water any longer than necessary. When the electrode is

    not in use, keep it immersed in the pH 7.00 buffer. Do not put the electrode down on

    the desk.

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