Assignment Cover Sheet

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HNC in HND in HND in
HNC in HND in HNC in
Electrical and Electrical and Operations
Mechanical Mechanical Operations
Electronic Electronic Engineering
Engineering Engineering Engineering
Engineering Engineering
XW390 XW391 XW398
XW399 XW400 XW401
Module number Unit number and title Unit Code
42: Heat Transfer and
21889C K/601/1443
Combustion
Student name Student ID number Assessor name
Dr Hassan Abduljalil
Date issued Completion date Submitted on
05th April 2017 03rd May 2017
Assignment Assignment 1 Heat Transfer Rate and Equipment
title

Learning In this assessment you will have the Tas Eviden

LO AC opportunity to present evidence that shows k ce
outcome
you are able to: no. (Page
Understand Apply Fouriers law and the Newton rate equation
1.1 1
heat to composite solids and fluid/solid interfaces
transfer Calculate heat transfer rates for combined modes
LO1 rates for 1.2 2
including radiation
composite
1.3 Evaluate lagging for optimum performance 3
systems
Be able to 3.1 Evaluate various types and layout of recuperators 4
evaluate 3.2 Estimate heat transfer performance 5
LO3 heat
transfer Specify recuperator type, size and fluids for given
3.3 6
equipment applications
Higher Grades
M Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions
7
1 Complex problems with more than one variable have been explored.
M Present and communicate appropriate findings
8
2 Work is clear and articulate taking into account the intended audience
Take responsibility for managing and organising activities
D2 Activities have been effectively managed. All
Autonomy/independence has been demonstrated.

Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are
fully acknowledged.
Student signature: Date:
21889C-1 Page 1 of 8
Submission Guidelines:
You must:
Complete and sign the authenticity statement on the Assignment Cover Sheet.
Submit your assignment by the due date.
Present your work professionally without any grammatical, punctuation and
spelling errors.
Submit your assignment to the UCBC Learning Resource Centre and upload it to
Moodle portal (Turnitin) by the due date.
Attach all the pages of the assignment cover sheet and brief to your submitted
work.
Keep a copy of your work in case of loss or damage to the original.

Achievement
21889C-1 Summary Page 2 of 8
Module number 21889C
Unit number and title 42: Heat Transfer and Combustion
Start date 05th April 2017
Deadline/hand-in 03rd May 2017
Assessor Dr Hassan Abduljalil

Assignment title Assignment 1 Heat Transfer Rate and Equipment

Purpose of this assignment
This assignment will develop learners understanding of heat transfer principles and
empirical relationships enabling them to solve practical problems involving heat
transfer, combustion and the specification of practical engineering equipment

Scenario

Having completed your HND qualification in engineering you have secured a job as a
member of the engineering design team in a company serving different industrial
sectors including Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC). Such
systems require strong background in different heat transfer rate mechanisms and
systems. As part of your probationary period you will be challenged in several tasks to
demonstrate your knowledge and skills in performing the required calculations of heat
transfer rates of different HVAC systems and working conditions for several
applications. Moreover, you will need to demonstrate your ability to specify the
appropriate design parameters for different types of heat exchangers and
recuperators. The obtained results could be then used for further development and
optimisation using computational simulation.

Task 1 (LO1: 1.1, Apply Fouriers law and the Newton rate equation to
composite solids and fluid/solid interfaces)
a. Apply Fouriers law and the Newton rate equation to calculate the steady rate of
heat transfer through rectangular double-pane window with dimensions of 140
cm high and 2.4 m wide. Each of the two glass layer has a thickness of 4 mm
with a thermal conductivity of 0.78 W/m K. These layers of glass are separated
by a 10 mm wide stagnant air space with thermal conductivity of k = 0.026 W/m
K. The inner temperature is maintained at 22 oC while the outdoor temperature is
5 oC. Take the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer

21889C-1 Page 3 of 8
 surfaces of the window to be h1 = 10 W/m2 C and h2 = 25 W/m2 C, and
disregard any heat transfer by radiation. Calculate:
i. the steady rate of heat transfer through the window;
ii. the temperatures at inner and outer surfaces of the window;
iii. the interference temperatures between different composite layers of the window.

b. Determine the minimum thickness of fiberglass insulation that needs to be used

in the wall of a refrigerator in order to avoid condensation on the outer surfaces
of the refrigerator. The thermal conductivity of the fiberglass insulation, k, is
0.030 W/m C. This insulation is sandwiched between two layers of 1.5 mm thick
sheet metal (k = 15 W/m C). The refrigerated space is to be maintained at 3C,
and the average heat transfer coefficients at the inner and outer surfaces of the
wall are 5 W/m2 C and 10 W/m2 C, respectively. Take the average temperature
of the kitchen to be maintained at 25C. It is observed that condensation occurs
on the outer surfaces of the refrigerator when the temperature of the outer
surface drops to 17C.

c. A copper tube of 10 m long with inner diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 7 mm

is carrying a hot fluid at constant temperature of 300 oC. The inside and outside
temperatures are maintained constant at 200 oC and 70oC respectively. Calculate
the heat transfer rate through the tube in the radial direction.
Task 1 provides evidence of AC 1.1

Task 2 (LO1: 1.2, Calculate heat transfer rates for combined modes including
radiation)
a. Steam at 450C flows in a stainless steel pipe of k =15 W/m C. The pipe has an
inner diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The pipe is covered with 50
mm thick glass wool insulation with thermal conductivity, K, of 0.038 W/m C.
Heat is lost to the surroundings at 5C by natural convection and radiation, with a
combined natural convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m 2
C. The heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe is 80 W/m2 C. Calculate:
i. the rate of heat loss from the steam per unit length of the pipe;
ii. the temperature drops across the pipe shell;
iii. the temperature drops across the insulation.
b. A hanger has a concrete roof of thickness of 60 mm (k = 2 W/m C). The hanger
area is 20 m wide and 30 m long. The convection heat transfer coefficients on
the inner and outer surfaces of the roof are 5 and 14 W/m 2 C, respectively. The
ambient air is reported to be at 10C while the night sky temperature is 100 K.
The temperature in the hanger and its side walls is maintained at 20 oC. The

21889C-1 Page 4 of 8
 emissivity of both surfaces of the concrete roof is 0.9. Considering both radiation
and convection heat transfers, calculate
i. the rate of heat transfer through the roof;
ii. the inner surface temperature of the roof.

Task 2 provides evidence of AC 1.2

Task 3 (LO 1: 1.3, Evaluate lagging for optimum performance)

a. A 2.1 mm diameter electrical wire at 46 oC is covered by 0.5 mm thick plastic
insulation (k = 0.13 W/m K). The wire is exposed to a medium at a temperature
of 10 oC, with a combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of
4.4 W/m2 K. Evaluate the effectiveness of this plastic insulation on the wire and
determine if it will increase or decrease heat transfer from the wire.
b. A plastic cover is used for lagging a 6 mm diameter and 5 m long electric wire.
The plastic cover thickness is 3 mm thick with a thermal conductivity of k = 0.15
W/m C. The voltage drop in the wire is measured to be 10 Volts when the
electrical current was 10 Ampere. The wire is placed in a medium of temperature
of 30 oC with heat transfer coefficient of h = 12 W/m2 C.
i. Determine the temperature at the interface of the wire and the plastic cover
in steady operation;
ii. Determine the heat lost through the lagging;
iii. Evaluate the effect of optimising the lagging thickness on the amount of the
heat loss to the medium.
Task 3 provides evidence of AC 1.3

Task 4 (LO 3: 3.1, Evaluate various types and layout of recuperators)

a. Briefly describe recuperators systems and their functions.
b. Classify, with the aid of illustrations, recuperators according to flow type and
evaluate the performance of each type.
c. Classify, with the aid of illustrations, recuperators according to their layouts and
evaluate the characteristics of each type.

Task 4 provides evidence of AC 3.1

21889C-1 Page 5 of 8
Task 5 (LO3: 3.2, Estimate heat transfer performance)

a. Air is to be preheated by hot exhaust gases in a cross-flow heat exchanger before

it enters the furnace. Air enters the heat exchanger at 95 kPa and 20C at a rate
of 0.8 m3/s. The combustion gases (cp = 1100 J/kg C) enter at 180C at a rate of
1.1 kg/s and leave at 95C. The product of the overall heat transfer coefficient
and the heat transfer surface area is UAs = 1620 W/C. Assuming both fluids to
be unmixed, estimate the rate of heat transfer rate. Take the air specific heat at
constant pressure to be 1005 J/kg oC.

b. A 1-shell-pass and 8-tube-passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerine (c p =

2.45 kJ/kg K) from 18 oC to 60 C by hot water (c p = 4.19 kJ/kg K) that enters the
thin walled 12 mm diameter tubes at 80 C and leaves at 50 C. The total length
of the tubes in the heat exchanger is 150 m. The convection heat transfer
coefficient is 22.7 W/m2 K on the glycerin (shell) side and 285 W/m 2 K on the
water (tube) side. Estimate the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger (a)
before any fouling occurs and (b) after fouling with a fouling factor of 0.0002 m 2
K/W occurs on the outer surfaces of the tubes.
Task 5 provides evidence of AC 3.2
Task 6 (LO3: 3.3, specify recuperator type, size and fluids for given
applications)
a. Consider a system for which the recuperator is a crossflow heat exchanger with
both fluids unmixed and the flow rates associated with the turbine exhaust and
the air are h= 6.5 kg/s and c = 6.2 kg/s, respectively. The corresponding value
of the overall heat transfer coefficient is U = 100 W/m 2 K. If the gas and air inlet
temperatures are Th,i =700 K and Tc,i =300 K, respectively, what heat transfer
surface area is needed to provide an air outlet temperature of T c,o=500 K? Both
the air and the products of combustion may be assumed to have a specific heat
of 1040 J/kg K.

b. The condenser of a large power plant is to remove 300 MW of heat from steam
condensing at 30C (hfg = 2430 kJ/kg). The cooling is to be accomplished by
cooling water from a nearby river, which enters the tubes at 15C and leaves at
25C. The tubes of the heat exchanger have an internal diameter of 25 mm, and
the overall heat transfer coefficient is 3000 W/m2 C.
i. Determine the total length of the tubes required in the condenser;
ii. Specify the type of heat exchanger is suitable for this task;
iii. If the cooling water is replaced by an oil of specific heat capacity of 1.65 kJ/
kg K, what will be the changed in the total length of tube required in the
condenser?
Task 6 provides evidence of AC 3.3
Task 7 (M1: Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions;
Complex problems with more than one variable have been explored.)
a. For the prescribed conditions in Task 6a, apply an appropriate strategy to
compute and plot the air outlet temperature as a function of the heat transfer
surface area.

21889C-1 Page 6 of 8
 b. A shell-and-tube process heater is to be selected to heat water from 10C to
90C by steam flowing on the shell side. The heat transfer load of the heater is
700 kW. The inner diameter of the tubes is 15 mm. Identify a strategy to find the
number of tube passes required as a function of water velocity as it varies from
1 m/s to 10 m/s, and discuss the results. You will need to plot your results using
appropriate scale.
Task 7 provides evidence of M1

Task 8 (M2: Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques; A range

of methods and techniques have been applied/ Techniques correctly used.)
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with 10-tube passes is used to heat cold water in the
tubes from 5C to 70C at a rate of 2.5 kg/s. The heating is to be done by water that
enters the shell at 95C and leaves at 60C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is
1000 W/m2 C.
sketch the problem;
make appropriate assumptions;
select more than one method to obtain the heat transfer area;
effectively use the tables and charts associated with the selected methods on
Moodle;
comment on the results obtained from the applied methods.
Task 8 provides evidence of M2

All tasks (D2, Take responsibility for managing and organising activities,
Autonomy/independence has been demonstrated)
For all the tasks, you need to demonstrate that the work you have presented is
individual and original. Referencing demonstrates autonomous research beyond
classroom delivery of the topics covered in all tasks.
This task provides evidence of D2

Eviden Evidence
ce Summary of evidence required by student presente
checkli d
A written report to demonstrate how to apply Fouriers law and
Task1
the Newton rate equation to composite solids and fluid/solid
A written report to calculate heat transfer rates for combined
Task 2
modes including radiation.
Task 3 A written report to evaluate lagging for optimum performance.

Task 4 A written report to evaluate various types and layout of

recuperators.
Task 5 A written report to estimate heat transfer performance.
A written report to specify recuperator type, size and fluids for
Task 6
given applications.
A written report to identify and apply strategies to find
Task 7 appropriate solutions; Complex problems with more than one
variable have been explored.
21889C-1 Page 7 of 8
 A written report to select and apply appropriate
Task 8 methods/techniques; A range of methods and techniques have
been applied/ Techniques correctly used to obtain solutions.

Essential Resources:

Presentations, handouts, Textbooks, Moodle, and class activity sheets.

Indicative Reading for learners:

Incropera, F. P. et al., 2012. Principles of Heat and Mass Transfer. 7th Ed. John
Wiley and Sons Inc.
Cengel, Y. A. and Ghajar, A. J., 2014. Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals
and Applications. McGraw-Hill Education
Lienhard, J. H., 2016. A Heat Transfer Textbook. Phlogiston Press.
Darbyshire, A. 2003. Mechanical Engineering BTEC National Option Units.
Newnes.

Website:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/thermodynamics

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