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    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 4/3/16: XX X X XX X X

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    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    The document contains solutions from four students to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to determine the area of a region consisting of 13 equal squares inscribed within a rectangle. The first solution uses angle and length relationships to set up two equations and solve for the side length of each square. The second solution uses similar triangles and angle chasing. The third solution notes a rotational symmetry and uses similar triangles to solve. The fourth solution introduces additional points to split the figure into similar pieces.

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    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 4/3/16: XX X X XX X X

    Uploaded by

    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    123 views4 pages
    The document contains solutions from four students to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to determine the area of a region consisting of 13 equal squares inscribed within a rectangle. The first solution uses angle and length relationships to set up two equations and solve for the side length of each square. The second solution uses similar triangles and angle chasing. The third solution notes a rotational symmetry and uses similar triangles to solve. The fourth solution introduces additional points to split the figure into similar pieces.

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    Solution4_3_16.pdf

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    The document contains solutions from four students to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to determine the area of a region consisting of 13 equal squares inscribed within a rectangle. The first solution uses angle and length relationships to set up two equations and solve for the side length of each square. The second solution uses similar triangles and angle chasing. The third solution notes a rotational symmetry and uses similar triangles to solve. The fourth solution introduces additional points to split the figure into similar pieces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    123 views4 pages

    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 4/3/16: XX X X XX X X

    Uploaded by

    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    The document contains solutions from four students to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to determine the area of a region consisting of 13 equal squares inscribed within a rectangle. The first solution uses angle and length relationships to set up two equations and solve for the side length of each square. The second solution uses similar triangles and angle chasing. The third solution notes a rotational symmetry and uses similar triangles to solve. The fourth solution introduces additional points to split the figure into similar pieces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    USA Mathematical Talent Search

    Solutions to Problem 4/3/16


    www.usamts.org

    4/3/16. Region ABCDEF GHIJ consists of 13 equal squares and is Q BX R


    inscribed in rectangle P QRS with A on P Q, B on QR, E on RS, and  XXX C
    XX X 
    H on SP , as shown in the figure on the right. Given that P Q = 28 and
     X
    XX  X  
    D
    QR = 26, determine, with proof, the area of region ABCDEF GHIJ. AX
       X
    XX  XXE
    JX X  XX 
    XG F
    IXX
    P H S
    Credit This problem was inspired by Problem 2 of the First Round of the 2001 Japanese
    Mathematical Olympiad.
    Comments There were many different successful approaches to solving this problem. The
    Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer

    most aesthetically pleasing comes from Zachary Abel (11/TX). Others took a similar ap-
    proach, using projection without Zacharys clever dissection. Noah Cohen gives an example
    of this approach. Nicholas Zehender shows that a subset of the figure formed by the little
    squares could itself be inscribed in a square and used this fact to solve the problem. Finally,
    Michael John Griffin gives us another dissection to solve the problem.

    Solution 1 by: Zachary Abel (11/TX)


    Inside each square in the diagram, draw two horizontal segments and
    two vertical segments as shown to the right. Let the two indicated lengths
    be a and b. The whole diagram looks like this: a
    b

    a
    b

    The total horizontal length of the red segments is 5a + b, which is equal to the width of
    the rectangle, i.e. 5a + b = 26. Likewise, the total vertical length of the blue segments is
    USA Mathematical Talent Search
    Solutions to Problem 4/3/16
    www.usamts.org

    5a + 3b, which is equal to the height of the rectangle, 28. So we have the system
    
    5a + b = 26
    ,
    5a + 3b = 28

    whose solution is a = 5 and b = 1. So the side length of each square is a2 + b2 = 26, the
    area of each square is 26, and the total area of ABCDEF GHIJ is 26 13 = 338.

    Solution 2 by: Noah Cohen (11/ME)


    Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer

    Via angle chasing, it can be seen that BCL GHN OAJ EF M , call this angle
    , and call the length of one square x
    USA Mathematical Talent Search
    Solutions to Problem 4/3/16
    www.usamts.org

    We can now represent the height and and width of the rectangle with the following equations
    5x sin + x cos = 26
    5x sin + 3x cos = 28
    x cos = 1
    x sin = 5
    (x sin ) + (x cos )2
    2
    = x2

    x = 26

    The area of the polygon ABCDEF GHIJ can be represented by 13x2 , or (13)( 26)2 , which
    Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer

    is equal to 338.

    Solution 3 by: Nicholas Zehender (11/VA)

    Draw a line parallel to QR through point V . CDEF GHIJAT U V is the same if you
    rotate it 90 degrees, so Y S = W Y = QR = 26. RY = RS Y S = 28 26 = 2, so XV = 2.
    AF K V BX because AF k V B, F K k BX, and KA k XV . EF Z = 18090AF K =
    90 AF K = F AK, and EZF = F KA = 90, so F EZ is also similar to AF K and
    V BX.

    ZF/XV = EF/BV
    ZF/2 = 1/2
    ZF = 1

    F K = ZK ZF = 26 1 = 25

    KA/XV = AF/BV
    KA/2 = 5/2
    KA = 5
    USA Mathematical Talent Search
    Solutions to Problem 4/3/16
    www.usamts.org


    AF = F K 2 + KA2
    AF = 625 + 25
    AF = 650

    The side of one of the squares is AF/5 = 26, so the area of ABCDEF GHIJ is 13( 26)2 =
    338.

    Solution 4 by: Michael John Griffin (12/UT)


    Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer
    Let Point K be the point one third of the way between points Q B``` U R
    ```
    A and B so that it is also in line with point E. Also, let points C
     
    `  
    ```
    T , U , V , and W be points along lines P Q, QR, RS, and SP   ``
    respectively, such that line T V is perpendicular to line P Q and T ```
    
    `   V
    K  ``D ``
    passes through point K, and line U W is perpendicular to line A`````   `E
     `
    QR and passes through point C, as shown in the figure at right. J  G
    ```
    ``
    `` F
     
    I ``
    P H W S
    Triangles ABQ, BCU , AKT , KEV , and CHW are all similar, with ABQ =
    BCU and KEV = CHW . All of these triangles have one right angle and the other
    corresponding angles equal. If two given angles (such as ABQ and CBU ) and a right
    angle are all collinear, the two angles are complimentary. In the case of AKT and ABQ,
    Euclids Coresponding Angles postulate works well.
    KV = CW , U C = QB, and T K = 1/3QB (given the ratio of the hypotenuses similar
    triangles). Notice that U C + CW = 28 and T K + KV = 26.

    U C + CW = T K + KV + 2
    QB
    QB + CW = + CW + 2
    3
    2 QB
    = 2
    3
    QB = 3
    2 2
    Since U C = QB and U C + CW = 28, CW = 25. CW = 5AQ 3
    , so AQ = 15. AQ + QB =
    2 2 2 2 2
    AB , so AB = 15 + 3 = 225 + 9 = 234. AB just happens to be the area of 9 of the 13
    squares, so the total area of all the squares is 13/9 234 = 338 units2

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