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    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 5/4/19: P P P P

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    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    This document contains a solution to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to express the side length (s) of a smaller regular 13-gon inscribed within the diagonals of a larger regular 13-gon in terms of the lengths of six specific diagonals (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6) of the larger polygon. The solution constructs line segments using the symmetry of the regular polygons and derives an expression relating s to the differences and sums of the diagonal lengths.

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    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 5/4/19: P P P P

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    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    106 views2 pages
    This document contains a solution to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to express the side length (s) of a smaller regular 13-gon inscribed within the diagonals of a larger regular 13-gon in terms of the lengths of six specific diagonals (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6) of the larger polygon. The solution constructs line segments using the symmetry of the regular polygons and derives an expression relating s to the differences and sums of the diagonal lengths.

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    This document contains a solution to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to express the side length (s) of a smaller regular 13-gon inscribed within the diagonals of a larger regular 13-gon in terms of the lengths of six specific diagonals (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6) of the larger polygon. The solution constructs line segments using the symmetry of the regular polygons and derives an expression relating s to the differences and sums of the diagonal lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    106 views2 pages

    USA Mathematical Talent Search Solutions To Problem 5/4/19: P P P P

    Uploaded by

    สฮาบูดีน สาและ
    This document contains a solution to a geometry problem posed by the USA Mathematical Talent Search. The problem asks to express the side length (s) of a smaller regular 13-gon inscribed within the diagonals of a larger regular 13-gon in terms of the lengths of six specific diagonals (d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6) of the larger polygon. The solution constructs line segments using the symmetry of the regular polygons and derives an expression relating s to the differences and sums of the diagonal lengths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    USA Mathematical Talent Search

    Solutions to Problem 5/4/19


    www.usamts.org

    5/4/19. Let P1 P2 P3 P13 be a regular 13-gon. For 1 i 6, let di = P1 Pi+1 . The 13


    diagonals of length d6 enclose a smaller regular 13-gon, whose side length we denote by s.
    Express s in the form
    s = c1 d1 + c2 d2 + c3 d3 + c4 d4 + c5 d5 + c6 d6 ,
    where c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 , c5 , and c6 are integers.

    Comments In geometry, when trying to find relationships between lengths, it is often


    useful to find line segments that add up to the lengths in question. The following solution
    constructs these line segments by using the symmetry of the regular 13-gon. Solutions edited
    Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer
    by Naoki Sato.

    Solution by: Rui Jin (11/CA)


    P4
    P5
    P3
    P6
    P2

    P7

    AB P1

    P8
    C
    P13
    P9 D
    P12
    P10
    P11

    Let A be the intersection of P2 P8 and P3 P9 , B the intersection of P1 P7 and P2 P8 , C the


    intersection of P1 P9 and P2 P10 , and D the intersection of P1 P11 and P10 P13 . Since P1 P7 ,
    P2 P8 , and P3 P9 are all diagonals of length d6 , AB is a side of the smaller regular 13-gon, so
    s = AB.
    By symmetry, BP2 = AP8 . Let x = BP2 = AP8 . Since P2 P8 = P1 P7 = d6 , AP2 = d6 x.
    Diagonals P3 P9 and P2 P10 are parallel, and diagonals P2 P8 and P1 P9 are parallel, so
    quadrilateral P2 AP9 C is a parallelogram. Hence, AP2 = d6 x = P9 C. Since P1 P9 =
    P1 P6 = d5 , P9 C = d6 x = d5 P1 C.
    Since P2 P10 and P1 P11 are parallel and P1 P9 and P13 P10 are parallel, quadrilateral
    P1 CP10 D is a parallelogram. Hence, P1 C = DP10 and we can rewrite the equation above as
    d6 x = d5 DP10 . Since P10 P13 = P1 P4 = d3 , d6 x = d5 (d3 DP13 ).
    USA Mathematical Talent Search
    Solutions to Problem 5/4/19
    www.usamts.org

    Finally, since P1 P11 and P13 P12 are parallel and P13 P10 and P12 P11 are parallel, quadrilat-
    eral P13 DP11 P12 is a parallelogram. Hence, DP13 = P11 P12 and we can rewrite the equation
    above as d6 x = d5 (d3 P11 P12 ). Since P11 P12 = P1 P2 = d1 , d6 x = d5 (d3 d1 ).
    Rearranging the last equation, we find that x = d6 d5 + d3 d1 . Since s = d6 2x, we
    have
    s = d6 2(d6 d5 + d3 d1 ) = 2d1 2d3 + 2d5 d6 .

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