COLORED FABRIC DYE FROM GUMAMELA (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.

) LEAVES EXTRACT
An investigatory project submitted by Daniela Marie S. Fernandez of San Jacinto National High School

I. INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine if the
A Dye is a colored substance that has an Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.) Leaves
affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. Extract could be developed as a colored fabric dye.
The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, Specifically, this study sought to answer the
and many require a mordant to improve the fastness following questions.
of the dye in the fiber. Both dyes and pigments are 1. Can Gumamela Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-
colored because they absorb some wavelengths of sinensis Linn.) Leaves Extract be developed
light more than others. In contrast to dyes, pigments as a colored fabric dye?
are insoluble and have no affinity for the substrate. 2. What is the level of Acceptability of
Dyed flax fibers have been found in the Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.)
Republic of George. The dyes were obtained from Leaves Extract as a colored fabric dye in
animal, vegetable or mineral origin, with none to terms of:
very little processing. By far the greatest source of a. Color
dyes has been from the plant kingdom. b. Texture
Primitive dyeing techniques included c. Odor
sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments 3. Is there a significant difference between the
into cloth. The methods became more sophisticated Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.)
with time and techniques using natural dyes from Leaves Extract as a colored fabric dye and
crushed fruits, berries and other plants, which were the commercially available in terms of:
boiled into the fabric and gave light and water a. Color Fastness
fastness (resistance), were developed. b. Color
Natural dyes can be used on most types of c. Texture
material or fiber but the level of success in terms of d. Odor
fastness and clarity of color varies considerably. e.
Users of natural dyes, however, tend to also use C.HYPOTHESIS
natural fibers, and so we will look in more detail at There is no significant difference between
this group. Natural fibers come mainly from two the Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.) leaves
distinct origins, animal origin or vegetable origin. extract as a colored fabric dye and the commercially
Fibers from an animal origin include wool, silk, available fabric dye.
mohair and alpaca, as well as some others which are D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
less well known. All animal fibers are based on
proteins. Natural dyes have a strong affinity to fibers First, this study will benefit the consumers.
of animal origin, especially wool, silk and mohair This study will help them to be knowledgeable in
and the results with these fibers are usually good. producing a fabric dye from Gumamela.
Fibers of plant origin include cotton, flax or linen, Lastly, this study will be useful to the future
ramie, jute, hemp and many others. Plant fibers have researchers who intended to conduct a similar study,
cellulose as their basic ingredient. Natural dyeing of because it will serve as their information. They can
certain plant based textiles can be less successful than also use this as their pattern and guide in doing their
their animal equivalent. Different mordanting own research.
techniques are called for with each category. When a E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
blend of fiber of both animal and plant origin is being
This study will focus in determining if the
dyed, then a recipe should be chosen which will
Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.) leaves
accentuate the fiber which is required to be dominant.
extract could be developed as a colored fabric dye.
F. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gumamela is a genus in flowering plants in the
 Mallow family. The followers are large, dye concentration and dyeing time. In this study,
conspicuous, and trumpet-shaped, with five post-mordanting, 200% dye concentration, and 60
or more petals. minutes dyeing length yielded the highest color
strength for cotton and wool. Cotton samples
Leaves Extract- this refers to the extract that would
received a 2-3 to 4 shade changes rating, while wool
be obtained on the Gumamela Leaves that received a 3-4 depending on the test.
will be use as a fabric dye.
Dye- this refers to a colored substance that has
In a study by D.A.G. Wanyama, et.al.
Affinity to the substrate to which it is being (2014) entitled Extraction, characterization and
Applied. application of natural dyes from selected plants in
Uganda for dyeing of cotton Fabrics. Cotton fabrics
were dyed with natural dyes derived. From the crude
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
bark extracts of Albizia Coriaria, Morinda Lucida,
Gumamela Syzgium cordatum, and Vitellera paradoxa dye.
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in Yielding plants from Mukono and Mbale districts of
the mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is a quite Uganda. Color fastness properties to light and
large, comprising several hundred species that are washing were good, between 3 and 4, suitable for
native to warm-temperature, subtropical and tropical textile application.
regions through- out the world. The leaves are
alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or
The study of Maria C. Langton (2012) was
lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous,
about the Spectrometer Analysis of Dyeing
trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from Behavior or Cotton and Polyester Fabric using direct,
white to pink, red, orange, peach, yellow or purple, reactive, and disperse dyes. This study focuses on
and from 4-18 cm broad.
the use of three different types of dye, disperse,
In the Philippines, the Gumamela is used by reactive and direct, on two most commonly used
children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The fabrics, cotton and polyester. The fabrics will go
flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices under testing to see how much dye is released into
come out. Hibiscus is a very hardy, versatile plant the wash by looking at the L, A, B, values from the
and in tropical conditions it can enhance the beauty CIELAB spectrometer. The methods done in the
of any garden. study will conclude if the tested fabric absorbs the
In the Philippines, flower buds, beaten to a dyes, making the textiles marketable.
paste, applied as poultice to boils, cancerous
swellings and mumps.
The purpose of Saminathan Ratnapandian
(2013) study entitled Application of Natural Dyes
Dye by Padding Techniques on Textiles. Was to present
A dye is a colored substance that has an the findings from investigations into adapting the
affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. pad-dyeing process for dyeing cotton and wool
The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, employing current and emerging technologies of
and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of textile coloration. The scope of this research was to
the dye on the fiber. add to the knowledge regarding continuous dyeing
methods for natural dyes with an ultimate goal of
large-scale sustainable coloration.
RELATED STUDIES
In a study by Nicholas Malensek (2014) In a study by Md. Rabiul Islam Khan (2012)
entitled Color Fastness Properties of Permission entitled Study on Effect on Concentration of Soda
Dye on Cotton and Wool Substrate. This study on Dyeing of Woven Cotton fabric with reactive
investigated persimmon dyes performance on cotton dyes. The aim of this work is to observe the effect of
and wool fabric. Color strength and appearance of dyed sample when we change the concentration of
dyed cotton and wool fabrics at various dyeing soda in the solution.
conditions (mordanting order, dye concentration, and
dyeing time length) were evaluated. Color strength
on dyed cotton and wool increased with increased
 III. METHODOLOGY

A. Materials
The investigation will use the following materials
and instruments in the study. Cloth, pot, strainer, color
fixative bath such as salt water or a vinegar bath,
rubber gloves, small saucepan, containers, cups, and
mordant (iron ferrous sulfate).

B. General Procedure
The Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.)
will be gathered at Imelda, San Jacinto, Pangasinan.

Collect your plant materials when they are at their

peak of color. Flowers should be fresh. Chop all plant
materials into small pieces (inch or smaller) and
place them into a large pot or pan that you are willing
to sacrifice to the cloth dyeing craft. Measure the
amount of plant material and place twice as much as
water as plant material into the pot with the plant
material. Bring the mixture to a boil and then simmer
it, stirring occasionally, for at least an hour. Strain
out the plant material and set the dye bath aside.
Place your fabric into a color fixative bath such as
salt water (1 part salt to 16 parts water) or a vinegar
bath. Allow the fabric to absorb the color fixative
mix and simmer it for an hour. Place the wet fabric
into the dye mixture and simmer it until the desired
color is achieved.

C. Research Design
This study will employ the Randomized Complete
block Design (RCBD) of the experimental research.
The respondents of the study (15) and the students
from the San Jacinto National High School.

D. Research Instrument
The researcher will formulate a questionnaire in
order to determine the level of Acceptability of
Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.) as a colored
fabric dye with 5 classifications, 5 Very Highly
Acceptable (VHA), 4 Highly Acceptable (HA), 3
Moderately Acceptable (MA), 2 Acceptable (A), 1 Not
Acceptable (NA).

Statistical Treatment
This study will use the Average Weighted
Mean as the statistical Tool Applied in treating the
gathered data.