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    COPAR

    Uploaded by

    Alexis Trinidad
    This document describes Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) which is a continuous process of educating communities, working with them collectively on problems, and mobilizing them to respond to needs and solve long-term issues. COPAR aims to transform apathetic communities into dynamic, participatory groups. It involves identifying community needs, developing confidence to take action, and extending cooperative attitudes. The document outlines the principles, structure, process and phases of COPAR including pre-entry, entry, and organization building phases which involve integrating with communities, conducting investigations, and forming core and leadership groups.

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    COPAR

    Uploaded by

    Alexis Trinidad
    1K views7 pages
    This document describes Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) which is a continuous process of educating communities, working with them collectively on problems, and mobilizing them to respond to needs and solve long-term issues. COPAR aims to transform apathetic communities into dynamic, participatory groups. It involves identifying community needs, developing confidence to take action, and extending cooperative attitudes. The document outlines the principles, structure, process and phases of COPAR including pre-entry, entry, and organization building phases which involve integrating with communities, conducting investigations, and forming core and leadership groups.

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    This document describes Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) which is a continuous process of educating communities, working with them collectively on problems, and mobilizing them to respond to needs and solve long-term issues. COPAR aims to transform apathetic communities into dynamic, participatory groups. It involves identifying community needs, developing confidence to take action, and extending cooperative attitudes. The document outlines the principles, structure, process and phases of COPAR including pre-entry, entry, and organization building phases which involve integrating with communities, conducting investigations, and forming core and leadership groups.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1K views7 pages

    COPAR

    Uploaded by

    Alexis Trinidad
    This document describes Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) which is a continuous process of educating communities, working with them collectively on problems, and mobilizing them to respond to needs and solve long-term issues. COPAR aims to transform apathetic communities into dynamic, participatory groups. It involves identifying community needs, developing confidence to take action, and extending cooperative attitudes. The document outlines the principles, structure, process and phases of COPAR including pre-entry, entry, and organization building phases which involve integrating with communities, conducting investigations, and forming core and leadership groups.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 7
    At a glance
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    COPAR is a community organizing process that aims to empower communities through participation, education, and collective action to address their needs and problems.

    The principles of COPAR are that the people, especially the oppressed, have the capacity for change; it should be based on the interests of the poorest sectors of society; and it should lead to a self-reliant community.

    The phases of the COPAR process are the entry phase, the organization building phase, and the sustenance and strengthening phase.

    COPAR

    Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR)


     is a continuous and a sustained process of:
    1. Educating the people - to understand and develop their critical
    consciousness
    2. Working with people - to work collectively and effectively on their
    immediate and long term problems
    3. Mobilizing with people - develop their capability and readiness to respond,
    take action on their immediate needs towards solving the long term problems
    4. The process and structure through which members of a community are/or
    become organized for participation in health care and community
    development activities

    Definition:

     A social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic,


    individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically
    responsive community.
     A collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and
    systematic process of building people’s organizations by mobilizing and
    enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of
    their issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing
    oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994 National Rural Conference)
     A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops
    confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and
    develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the
    community (Ross 1967)
     A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand
    and develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with
    the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term
    problems, and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness
    to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards solving their
    long-term problems (CO: A manual of experience, PCPD)

    Importance:

     COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as


    this helps the community workers to generate community participation in
    development activities.

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    COPAR
     COPAR prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a
    development programs in the future. COPAR gets people actively involved in
    selection and support of community health workers
     COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement; community resources
    are mobilized for community services. Through COPAR, community resources are
    mobilized for selected health services
     COPAR could be an alternative in situations wherein health interventions in Public
    Health Care do not require direct involvement of modern medical practitioners

    Principles:

    1. People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to
    change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change.

    2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sectors of society

    3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.

    Structure

     Refers to a particular group of community members that work together for a


    common health and health related goals.

    COPAR Process:

     The sequence of steps whereby members of a community come together to


    critically assess to evaluate community conditions and work together to improve
    those conditions.
     A progressive cycle of action-reflection action which begins with small, local and
    concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and the reflection of
    and on the action taken by them.
     Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR process
    because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and
    which enriches succeeding action.
     COPAR is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towards
    and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and oppressed.
     COPAR is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified, emerge
    and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external
    force or entity.

    Emphasis of COPAR:

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    COPAR
    1. Community working to solve its own problem
    2. Direction is established internally and externally
    3. Development and implementation of a specific project less important than
    the development of the capacity of the community to establish the project
    4. Consciousness raising involves perceiving health and medical care within the
    total structure of society

    Phases of the COPAR Process

    I. Pre-entry Phase

    A. Is the initial phase of the organizing process where the community/organizer looks
    for communities to serve/help.

    B. It is considered the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities and


    strategies and time spent for it.

    Activities include:

    1. Designing a plan for community development including all its activities and
    strategies for care development.

    2. Designing criteria for the selection of site

    3. Actually selecting the site for community care


    Preparation of the Institution
     Train faculty and students in COPAR.
     Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.
     Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.
     Coordinate participants of other departments.
    Site Selection
     Initial networking with local government.
     Conduct preliminary special investigation.
     Make long/short list of potential communities.
     Do ocular survey of listed communities.
    Criteria for Initial Site Selection
     Must have a population of 100-200 families.
     Economically depressed.

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    COPAR
     No strong resistance from the community.
     No serious peace and order problem.
     No similar group or organization holding the same program.
    Identifying Potential Municipalities
     Make long/short list.
    Identifying Potential Barangay
     Do the same process as in selecting municipality.
     Consult key informants and residents.
     Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities.
    Choosing Final Barangay
     Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.
     Determine the need of the program in the community.
     Take note of political development.
     Develop community profiles for secondary data.
     Develop survey tools.
     Pay courtesy call to community leaders.
     Choose foster families based on guidelines.
    Identifying Host Family
     House is strategically located in the community.
     Should not belong to the rich segment.
     Respected by both formal and informal leaders.
     Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house.
     No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.

    II. Entry Phase

    A. Sometimes called the social preparation phase as to the activities done here
    includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life,
    innovating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns
    and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these.

    B. This phase signals the actual entry of the community worker/organizer into the
    community. She must be guided by the following guidelines however.

    1. Recognizes the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform them of
    their presence and activities.

    2. The appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those
    of the community residents without disregard of their being role models.

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    COPAR
    3. Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key
    profile.

    Guidelines for Entry


     Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their presence
    and activities.
     Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the
    community residents without disregard of their being role model.
     Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key profile.

    Activities in the Entry Phase


     Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe
    community life.
    o living with the community
    o seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate
    o lend a hand in household chores
    o avoid gambling and drinking
     Deepening social investigation/community study
    o verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey
    o conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community
    assembly
    Core Group Formation
     Leader spotting through sociogram.

    Key persons - approached by most people


    Opinion leader - approach by key persons
    Isolates - never or hardly consulted

    III. Organization Building Phase

    A. Entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal
    procedures of planning, implementation, and evaluating community-wide activities.
    It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given trainings
    (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their skills and in managing their own
    concerns/programs.

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    COPAR
    Key Activities
     Community Health Organization (CHO)
    o preparation of legal requirements
    o guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group
    o election of officers
     Research Team Committee
     Planning Committee
     Health Committee Organization
     Others
     Formation of by-laws by the CHO

    IV. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

    A. Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the
    community members are already actively participating in community-wide
    undertakings. At this point, the different communities setup in the organization
    building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning,
    implementing and evaluating their own programs with the overall guidance from the
    community-wide organization.

    1. Strategies used may include:

    a. Education and training

    b. Networking and linkaging

    c. Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns

    d. Implementing of livelihood projects

    e. Developing secondary leaders

    Key Activities
     Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health program.
     Identification of secondary leaders.
     Linkaging and networking.
     Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns.
     Implementation of livelihood projects.
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    COPAR

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