DA

Which of the following statements applies to the submandibular lymph nodes?

They discharge into the internal jugular nodes.

When draining an area of acute infection, they are enlarged, nontender, soft, well defined and movable.
They are found medially to the mandible.
They drain the anterior palatine pillar, soft palate, posterior third of the tongue.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only.
All of the above

The parasympathetic post ganglionic fibers leaving the otic ganglion will travel along which cranial nerve?

Glossopharyngeal.
Branch of the mandibular.
Temporal.
Facial.

Which two muscles are involved in sucking?

Caninus and depressor angularis.

Risorius and buccinator.
Buccinator and orbicularis oris.
Levator labii superioris and zygomaticus major.

A patient with a tumor in the right infratemporal fossa shows a significant shift of the mandible to the right when
opening. Which nerve is involved?

Facial nerve VII.

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX.
Trigeminal nerve V.
Hypoglossal nerve XII

The maxilla is formed from

bundle bone.
endochondral bone.
membranous bone.
lamellar bone.

Cleidocranial dysostosis is distinguished by

usually shortened skull.

delayed suture closure.
persistence of deciduous teeth.
clavicles absent or maldeveloped.
All of the above.
In a normal eruption pattern, the last primary tooth to be lost is the

maxillary canine.
mandibular canine.
maxillary first molar.
mandibular second molar.
maxillary second molar.

"Cuspid guided occlusion" occurs when the

teeth on the nonworking side make contact in lateral excursions.

teeth on the working side make contact in lateral excursions.

canine and lateral incisors make contact in lateral excurison.
posterior teeth make no contact in lateral excursions on the working side.

The developing permanent tooth

lies apically and lingually to primary teeth in the anterior region.

may show deviated eruption times if the primary tooth is lost prematurely.
has a more protrusive path of eruption in the anterior region.
All of the above.

Roots of the permanent maxillary central incisors are completed by what age?

8 years.
10 years.
12 years.
Later than 12 years.

Which of the following processes is NOT active in causing tooth eruption?

Growth of the dentin.

Growth of the root.
Growth of the enamel.
Pressure from periapical tissue.

The roots of the first permanent molar should be completely formed by the age of

six years.
seven years.
nine years.
eleven years.
thirteen years.
The roots of primary molars in the absence of their permanent successors

sometimes are partially resorbed and become ankylosed.

may remain for years with no significant resorption.
may remain for years partially resorbed.
are always resorbed.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

The principal component of the fibres of the periodontal ligament is

elastin.
reticulin.
fibronectin.
collagen.

After tooth eruption, which of the following materials gradually decreases in concentration from the enamel
surface ?

Carbonate.
Protein.
Fluoride.
Calcium.
Chloride.

The oral mucosa covering the base of the alveolar bone

is normally non-keratinized but can become keratinized in response to physiological stimulation.

is closely bound to underlying muscle and bone.
does not contain elastic fibres.
merges with the keratinized gingiva at the mucogingival junction.
has a tightly woven dense collagenous corium.

Which of the following fibre groups are attached to bone?

Apical.
Oblique.
Alveolar crest.
Circular.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only.
All of the above.


Embryologically, fusion of the palatal shelves should be completed by the (DA)

fifth week.
tenth week.
fifteenth week.
twentieth week.

The muscles used when closing the jaws to maximum intercuspation include (DA)

medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles.

temporalis, medial pterygoid, masseter and geniohyoid muscles.
medial pterygoid, temporalis and masseter muscles.
lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis and geniohyoid muscles.

The muscles used when closing the jaws to maximum intercuspation include (DA)

medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles.

temporalis, medial pterygoid, masseter and geniohyoid muscles.
medial pterygoid, temporalis and masseter muscles.
lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis and geniohyoid muscles.

Exclusive of third molars, the permanent dentition is usually completely erupted by the age of

9 to 11 years.
12 to 14 years.
15 to 17 years.
18 to 21 years.


The roots of primary molars in the absence of their permanent successors

sometimes are partially resorbed and become ankylosed.
may remain for years with no significant resorption.
may remain for years partially resorbed.
are always resorbed.

(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.



Inadequate space for the eruption of the maxillary second premolar is most frequently caused by the
premature loss of the deciduous

first molar.
second molar.
central incisor.
canine.



Hypothyroidism affects the dental developmental pattern by

interfering with jaw growth.
delaying the eruption timetable.
causing sclerotic bone to form over the occlusal surface of erupting teeth.
accelerating the eruption timetable.



If a child's teeth do NOT form, the primary effect will be on the growth of the

alveolar bone.
mandible.
maxilla.
palate.


Roots of the permanent maxillary central incisors are completed by what age?

8 years.
10 years.
12 years.
Later than 12 years.


DA Which of the following muscles is most likely to be affected by a depressed fracture of the zygomatic arch?

Lateral pterygoid.
Temporalis.
Masseter.
Medial pterygoid.

DA During an incisal clench, the activity of the elevator muscles is

increased.
decreased.
unaffected.

DA The tooth with the largest root surface area is the

maxillary canine.
maxillary first molar.
mandibular canine.
mandibular first molar
DA The muscle attached to the labial surface of the maxilla above the region of the central incisors is

labii inferioris.
labii superioris.
orbicularis oris.
risorius.
caninus.

DA Which of the following is the principal muscle of the floor of the mouth?

Stylohyoid.
Digastric.
Geniohyoid.
Mylohyoid.
Platysma.

DA
Which of the following muscles of mastication is associated with the condylar head and articular disc?

Masseter.
Temporalis.
Medial pterygoid.
Lateral pterygoid.


DA
Basal cell carcinoma on the nose

normally metastasizes to the submental lymph nodes.

normally metastasizes to the submaxillary lymph nodes.
normally metastasizes to the cervical lymph nodes.
normally metastasizes to the pre-auricular lymph nodes.
does not normally metastasize.

DA-Premature eruption of primary teeth is associated withcongenital gingival fibromatosis.
congenital hypothyroidism.
osteopetrosis.
cleidocranial dysplasia.
juvenile hyperthyroidism.

DA-Reduced mobility of the temporomandibular joint is called

Charcot's arthritis.
osteoarthritis.
ankylosis.
arthrosis.

DA-The highest incidence of congenitally missing lateral incisors is most likely seen in a patient with
unilateral cleft lip and palate
congenital heart disease.
Down's syndrome.
Hyperthyroidism

DA-The eruption of a permanent central incisor may be delayed by

a supernumerary tooth.
dense fibrous tissue.
a retained deciduous incisor.
early loss of a deciduous incisor.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DA-An ankylosed deciduous molar can cause

delayed eruption of the underlying premolar.
reduction of arch length.
difficulty with extraction.
reduction in alveolar bone.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above

DA-The primate spaces are located between the

maxillary canines and lateral incisors.
maxillary canines and first molars.
mandibular canines and first molars.
mandibular canines and lateral incisors.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DA-The developing permanent tooth

lies apically and lingually to primary teeth in the anterior region.
may show deviated eruption times if the primary tooth is lost prematurely.
has a more protrusive path of eruption in the anterior region.
usually erupts earlier in girls.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DA-Roots of the permanent maxillary central incisors are completed by what age?
8 years.
10 years.
12 years
Later than 12 years.
DA

The pterygomaxillary fissure is formed by the maxilla and which other bone?

Temporal.
Sphenoid.
Frontal.
Occipital. DA

The roots of the first permanent molar should be completely formed by the age of

six years.
seven years.
nine years.
eleven years.
thirteen years. DA


A 50 year old female had intravenously administered bisphosphonates for the past 3 years. She now has an
area of exposed necrotic bone with sharp edges in an edentulous maxilla. The most appropriate management
is to perform

minimal surgical debridement immediately.

aggressive surgical debridement immediately.
minimal surgical debridement after delaying 3 months.
aggressive surgical debridement after delaying 3 months.
DAWhat percentage of natal teeth are supernumerary?

10.
50.
90.

DAWhich of the following statements about fats/lipids is correct?

Naturally occurring trans fats have been confirmed to increase disease risk.
LDL-cholesterol is found in foods of only animal origin.
Most of the cholesterol circulating in the human body is synthesized by the body.
The essential fatty acids are only the omega-3 fats.
During the act of swallowing, the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube is

A. opened by the tensor tympani muscle.

B. closed by the tensor tympani muscle.
C. opened by the tensor veli palatine muscle.
D. closed by the levator veli palatine muscle.
E. closed by the superior constrictor muscle.

DENTAL ANAT
Calcification of the permanent first molars normally begins at

A. 6 months in utero.
B. birth.
C. 6 months.
D. 12 months.
D.A
Accessory canals in permanent teeth are most commonly found in the
A. cervical third of the root.
B. middle third of the root.
C. apical third of the root.

D.A
When a second canal is located in mandibular incisors, it is most frequently found

A. labial to the main canal.

B. lingual to the main canal.
C. mesial to the main canal.
D. distal to the main canal.

D.A
The permanent anterior tooth that exhibits the greatest variation in size and shape is the

A. maxillary central incisor.

B. maxillary lateral incisor.
C. mandibular central incisor.
D. mandibular lateral incisor.
D.A
The orifice to the fourth canal in a permanent maxillary first molar is most often found

A. under the distobuccal cusp.

B. lingual to the orifice of the mesiobuccal canal.
C. between the distobuccal and the mesiobuccal orifices.
D. between the palatal and the distobuccal orifices.

D.A
When odontoblasts are destroyed, new odontoblasts are derived from

A. existing odontoblasts.
B. macrophages.
C. neural crest cells.
D. undifferentiated cells

The dentino-enamel junction is the most sensitive portion of a tooth because

A. free nerve endings terminate on odontoblasts at this region.

B. odontoblastic processes branch considerably at this region.
C. ameloblasts make synaptic connections with odontoblasts at this junction.
D. odontoblastic tubules help convey hydrostatic forces to the pulp cells.

DA
Which of the following root surfaces are most likely to have flutings/concavities that will make thorough root
debridement difficult?

A. Mesial of teeth 1.1/2.1.

B. Mesial of teeth 1.2/2.2.
C. Mesial of teeth 1.3/2.3.
D. Mesial of teeth 1.4/2.4.

DA
During tooth development, epithelial mesenchymal interactions function

A. only at the initial stages when tooth positions are being laid down.
B. through the exchange of small molecules.
 C. when preameloblasts signal preodontoblasts to start producing dentin.
D. only with epithelium and mesenchyme from tooth-forming regions.

DA
Enamel pearls form when

A. ameloblasts migrate apically down the root.

B. cells of the epithelial root sheath do not migrate away from the dentin.
C. cells of the dental follicle fail to develop.
epithelial rests transform into ameloblast vesicles.
DA
Streptococcus mutans selectively colonizes

enamel.
cementum.
tongue.
buccal mucosa.

What is the name of the area in which the resin of the adhesive system micromechanically interlocks with dentinal
collagen?

Active zone.
Smear layer.
Hybrid layer.
Adhesive zone.

Which of the following cells are characteristic of chronic inflammation of the dental pulp?

Plasma cells.
Macrophages.
Lymphocytes.
Neutrophils.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

Which of the following substances causes inflammation and pain when released by pulpal fibres?
Prostaglandin E2.
Calcitonin gene related peptide.
Neuraminase.
Acetylcholine.
Unmyelinated nerves found in the pulp that respond to thermal, mechanical, chemical and inflammatory stimuli
are called

C fibres.
A delta fibres.
sympathetic fibres.
dentinal tubules.

Which part of the brain is NOT primarily involved in motor control?

Cerebellum.
Basal ganglia.
Occipital lobe.
Frontal lobe.
Astrocytes are cells found in the
 brain.
peripheral nerves.
tongue.
blood.

Most of the somatosensory information from the oral cavity reaches the brain through which nerve?

Trochlear.
Hypoglossal.
Trigeminal.
Glossopharyngeal.

Changes in direction of groups of enamel prisms

have no functional importance.

result from incremental growth.
make enamel resistant to fracture.
extend to the enamel surface

DA
"Dens in dente" is most commonly associated with

supernumerary teeth.
dentinogenesis imperfecta.
osteogenesis imperfecta.
anterior teeth.
amelogenesis imperfecta

Pressure and tension have little effect on growth of

the frontomaxillary suture.

the alveolus.
the mandible.
cartilage

In a developing crown, ameloblasts and odontoblasts

are polarized in opposite directions.

initially produce an organic nonmineralized matrix.
begin to produce matrix simultaneously.
have rapid cell division

da
in the embryo which of the following could be missing if pharyngeal pouch development is disrupted?

Thyroid.
Maxillary sinus.
Thymus.
Inner ear.
da
Defects in the outflow tract of the heart in individuals with craniofacial malformations are caused by the disruption
of
 mesoderm development.
neurulation.
folding of the embryo.
neural crest development

da
Which permanent tooth is most likely to have an anomaly?

Mandibular first premolar.

Maxillary lateral incisor.
Mandibular central incisor.
Maxillary first molar


DA
Which of the following statements is correct?

Epithelial cells are united to the basal lamina by hemidesmosomes.

The basal lamina is divided into lamina lucida and lamina densa.
The basal lamina is a product of epithelial cells.
All of the above.

DA
Extreme resorption of an edentulous mandible can bring the alveolar ridge to the level of the attachment of the

buccinator, styloglossus and geniohyoid muscles.

mylohyoid, buccinator and styloglossus muscles.
superior constrictor, mylohyoid and buccinator muscles.
mylohyoid, buccinator and genioglossus muscles.

DA
Sclerotic dentin is

soft.
hypersensitive.
resistant to caries.
injurious to the pulp.
DA
Collagen

is most common in hard tissues.

forms insoluble high tensile strength fibres.
has a triple helical structure.
All of the above.

DA
Which of the following is classified as a muscle of mastication?

Temporalis.
Buccinator.
Digastric.
Mylohyoid.

DA
Which of the following muscles has two separate functions in mandibular movement?

Masseter.
Geniohyoid.
External (lateral) pterygoid.
Buccinator.

DA
The muscle of the floor of the mouth in the molar region which requires special attention in the final mandibular denture
impression is the

genioglossus.
geniohyoid.
mylohyoid.
hyoglossus.

DA
Molecular attraction between unlike substances is called

adhesion.
cohesion.
syneresis.
absorption.



DA: For a mandibular denture impression, the muscle determining the form of the lingual flange in the molar
region is

mylohyoid.
geniohyoid.
medial pterygoid.
lateral pterygoid.
superior pharyngeal constrictor.
 DA Normal sulcular epithelium in man is

nonkeratinized.
squamous.
stratified.
nonpermeable.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DA: In the bisecting angle principle of intraoral radiography, the radiopacity that can obliterate the apices
of maxillary molars is the

maxillary sinus.
palatine bone and the zygoma.
orbital process of the zygomatic bone.
zygoma and the zygomatic process of the maxilla.

DA: Which of the following muscles has two separate functions in mandibular movement?

Masseter.
Geniohyoid.
External (lateral) pterygoid.
Buccinator.

DA: Which of the following structures affects the thickness of the flange of a maxillary complete denture?

Malar process.
Coronoid process.
Mylohyoid ridge.
Zygomatic process.
Genial tubercle.

DA: The enamel structures most resistant to the action of acids are

cuticles.
lamellae.
rods.
interprismatic substances.

Dental Anatomy
1. DA-In a normally developing occlusion, spaces between primary incisors are called

physiological spaces.
primate spaces.
leeway spaces.
freeway spaces.

2. DA-Which of the following statements concerning root canals and their foramina is NOT true?
Root canals bifurcate and have dual foramina.
The major foramen is precisely at the apex of the tooth.
The root canals may join and have a single foramen.
The dentino-cemental junction is precisely at the apex of the tooth.
A cross section of the canal in the apical region is relatively round.

DA During guided tissue regeneration therapy, the regenerative cells originate primarily from the

lamina propria.
periodontal ligament.
cellular cementum.
collagen membrane.

The normal position of the alveolar crest in healthy periodontium is

1 to 2mm coronal to the CEJ.

at the CEJ.
1 to 2mm apical to the CEJ.
3 to 4mm apical to the CEJ.

Which of the following muscles is a depressor of the mandible?

Temporalis.
Lateral pterygoid.
Masseter.
Medial pterygoid.

During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, motor neurons in the swallowing center are activated to

open the lower esophageal sphincter.

inhibit respiration.
initiate the secondary peristaltic wave.
open the palatopharyngeal folds.

The mesial furcation of maxillary permanent first molars is best probed from the

buccal.
buccal or lingual.
lingual.


1
(DA) Proportionally, how far below the superior border of the lower /3 of the face are the commissures of the mouth
located?
(DA) What structure is most likely to dislodge a complete mandibular denture?

Retromolar pad.
Buccinator muscle.
Mylohyoid muscle.
Pterygomandibular raphe.

(DA)The epithelium covering the lesions of hyperplastic pulps is believed to be derived from the

reduced enamel epithelium.

 epithelium of the gingiva.
odontoblastic layer.
epithelial rests of Malassez.
remnants of the dental lamina.

.

(DA) Which of the following is the hardest?

Amalgam.
Enamel.
Composite resin.
Type IV alloy

DA) A 30 year old male suffers an orbital injury. How many bones form the orbit?

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

(DA) Which of the following organs is typically associated with multiple spider angiomas?

Lungs.
Liver.
Kidneys.
Pancreas.
Gallbladder.

(DA) The leeway space is

the distance between the maxillary and mandibular occlusal surfaces when the mandible is in rest position.
the difference in size between the combined widths of the primary cuspids and molars and the permanent
cuspids and bicuspids.
the space distal to the mandibular primary canine and mesial to the maxillary primary canine.
the space between primary anterior teeth.

(DA) When the primary maxillary second molar is lost prematurally, the permanent first molar usually moves
with the

mesiobuccal cusp rotating lingually.

mesiobuccal cusp rotating buccally.
crown tipping buccally.
crown tipping lingually
(DA) Enamel maturation is completed

when the enamel organ is complete.

prior to eruption but after root formation has begun.
at eruption.
following eruption.

(DA) The start of a mandibular bone formation coincides with

tooth germ development.

completion of fusion of the facial processes.
bone formation in the maxilla.
completion of a mandible cartilage model.

(DA) Between the ages of 6 and 12, mandibular arch length will normally

increase with the eruption of the permanent mandibular canines.

increase with eruption of the mandibular premolars.
remain the same.
decrease with the eruption of the permanent mandibular incisors.
decrease with the eruption of the mandibular premolars.

(DA) The permanent maxillary canine most commonly erupts

before the mandibular permanent canine.

before the maxillary first premolar.
before the maxillary second permanent molar.
after the maxillary second permanent molar.

DA
The redness of inflamed gingiva is due to

the degree of keratinization.

subgingival deposits.
increased collagen fiber density.
increased vasodilation.

DA
Healthy attached gingiva

has no basal cell layer.

is closely bound to underlying periosteum.
contains elastic fibers.
has no rete pegs.

DA
Aging pulps show a relative increase in

fibrous elements.
cell numbers.
calcification.
vascularity.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DA
Which of the following is necessary for collagen formation?

Vitamin A.
Vitamin C.
Vitamin D.
Vitamin E.
Vitamin K.

DA
A patient has a displaced right subcondylar fracture of the mandible. On opening, the mandible deflects to the right.
Which muscle is prevented from functioning appropriately?

Medial pterygoid.
Temporalis.
Masseter.
Lateral pterygoid.

DA
The collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament that insert into bone are called

Mllers fibres.
reticular fibres.
Sharpeys fibres.
oxytalan fibres
DA
Which of the following structures lies inferior to the mylohyoid muscle at the level of the mandibular second
molar?

Lingual artery.
Lingual vein.
Lingual nerve.
Submandibular duct.

DA
The postnatal increase in width of the maxilla results from

sutural growth.

appositional growth.

both appositional and sutural growth.

.

DA
An 80 year old patient can be expected to have

a reduced size of the pulp chamber.

a reduced incidence of pulp stones.

a reduced tendency to pulpal fibrosis.

a reduced tendency for pulp bleeding.

DA
In primary molars, the cusp with the largest pulp horn is the

distolingual.

distobuccal.

mesiolingual.

mesiobuccal.

DA
Which of the following root surfaces have concavities that make root planing difficult?

Mesial of maxillary first premolars.

Lingual of mandibular first premolars.

Mesial of maxillary incisors.

Distal of the palatal roots of maxillary molars.

DAWhich two muscles are involved in sucking?

A. Caninus and depressor angularis.

B. Risorius and buccinator.
C. Buccinator and orbicularis oris.
D. Levator labii superioris and zygomaticus major.