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    Cikgu S.Murali: Chemistry 4 25

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    muraliMu
    The document discusses various applications of electrolysis in industry including the extraction of reactive metals like aluminum and sodium through electrolysis, purification of metals by dissolving the impure metal at the anode, and electroplating metals onto objects by plating them onto the cathode from an electrolyte solution. Aluminum extraction involves electrolyzing aluminum oxide with cryolite to lower the melting point and produce aluminum at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

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    Cikgu S.Murali: Chemistry 4 25

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    39 views7 pages
    The document discusses various applications of electrolysis in industry including the extraction of reactive metals like aluminum and sodium through electrolysis, purification of metals by dissolving the impure metal at the anode, and electroplating metals onto objects by plating them onto the cathode from an electrolyte solution. Aluminum extraction involves electrolyzing aluminum oxide with cryolite to lower the melting point and produce aluminum at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

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    The document discusses various applications of electrolysis in industry including the extraction of reactive metals like aluminum and sodium through electrolysis, purification of metals by dissolving the impure metal at the anode, and electroplating metals onto objects by plating them onto the cathode from an electrolyte solution. Aluminum extraction involves electrolyzing aluminum oxide with cryolite to lower the melting point and produce aluminum at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    39 views7 pages

    Cikgu S.Murali: Chemistry 4 25

    Uploaded by

    muraliMu
    The document discusses various applications of electrolysis in industry including the extraction of reactive metals like aluminum and sodium through electrolysis, purification of metals by dissolving the impure metal at the anode, and electroplating metals onto objects by plating them onto the cathode from an electrolyte solution. Aluminum extraction involves electrolyzing aluminum oxide with cryolite to lower the melting point and produce aluminum at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

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    of 7

    SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY

    FORM :4
    TUTORIAL NUMBER : 25
    THIS WEEKS TUTORIAL : ELECTROLYSIS IN INDUSTRY

    CIKGU S.MURALI
    ELECTROLYSIS IN INDUSTRY
    1. The application of electrolysis in industry are :
    a) Extraction of reactive metals
    b) Purification of metals
    c) Electroplating

    EXTRACTION OF REACTIVE METALS


    1. Reactive metals can be extracted via electrolysis.

    METALS EXTRACTION METHODS


    Potassium
    Sodium Reactive metals are extracted from their ore
    Calcium
    through electrolysis
    Magnesium
    Aluminium

    Zink Non reactive metals are extracted from its


    Ferum
    ore by using carbon as the reducing agent.
    Stanum
    Plumbum Carbon cheap & easily accessible
    Copper H2 gas is not suitable because it can cause
    explosion
    EXTRACTION OF ALUMINIUM
    1. Aluminium is extracted from its ore, bauksit ( Al2O3 )

    2. Carbon / graphite is used as the electrode.

    3. Melting point of pure Al2O3 is 2000 2050 C

    4. Cryolite ( Na3AlF6 ) is added with aluminium oxide to lower down its melting point to

    900 980 C

    Cathode anode
    ( l ) + 3e Al (s) 2 O ( l ) O2 (g) + 4e
    3+ 2
    Al
    Molten Aluminium is obtained Oxygen gas is released
    2 Al2O3 ( l ) 4 Al ( l ) + 3 O2 (g)

    5. At high temperature the hot oxygen gas burns away the carbon anode producing

    carbon dioxide gas. C ( p ) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)


    6. So carbon anode will erode and need to be replaced from time to time.
    7. Molten aluminium flows out of the tank into a large crucible.

    EXTRACTION OF SODIUM
    1. Sodium is extracted from sodium chloride solution via electrolysis.
    2. The process of extracting sodium from sodium chloride is called Downs process.

    3. In this process, iron / ferum is used as the cathode while the anode is graphite.

    4. Calcium chloride is added to lower down the melting point of sodium chloride from
    900C to 600C.
    Cathode Anode

    Na ( l ) + e Na ( s )
    +
    2Cl ( l ) Cl 2 (g) + 2e

    Sodium ion is discharged. Chlorine gas is released


    Low density molten sodium metal floats and can
    be collected through a hood around the top of the
    cathode
    2 NaCl ( l ) 2 Na ( s ) + Cl 2 (g)

    I am the most
    IMPORTANT person to
    myself

    PURIFICATION OF METALS
    1. Arrangement of the apparatus :
    Cathode : pure metal atoms
    Anode : impure metal
    Electrolyte : an aqueous solution of the salt of the metal need to be purified.

    2. Purification Of Copper
    Cathode : pure copper
    Anode : impure copper
    Electrolyte : copper ( II ) sulphate solution

    3. Observation during experiment


    a) Anode dissolve
    b) Impurities collect below the anode
    c) The mass of the anode reduces

    4. The concentration of the copper (II) solution remain unchanged .

    ELECTROPLATING
    1. Electroplating is been done for two reasons
    a) Protection from corrosion
    b) Decoration
    2. Arrangement of the apparatus
    cathode : the object to be given the protective coating
    Anode : plating metal
    Electrolyte : an aqueous solution of the salt of the metal need to be plated.
    3. Example :electroplating spoon with silver
    cathode : spoon is cleaned with sandpaper
    Anode : silver coil
    Electrolyte : an aqueous solution of silver nitrate .

    4. To ensure the plating coat is strong


    a) The spoon is need to be cleaned with sandpaper
    b) A small amount of current is used.
    c) The spoons position is changed from time to time to make sure a proper
    plating.
    5. The concentration of the silver nitrate solution remain unchanged

    I have a choice in my hands


    CHOOSE TO WIN

    Test Power 1
    Refer to the above diagram of extraction of aluminium from its ore
    a. What is the function of cryolite?
    ____________________________________________________________________
    b. At which electrode is aluminium is extracted
    ____________________________________________________________________
    c. Write the half equation for the reaction in ( b)
    ____________________________________________________________________
    d. State the product in the anode
    ____________________________________________________________________
    e. Write the half equation for the reaction in (d)
    ____________________________________________________________________
    f. State two other metals that can be extracted in this method
    ____________________________________________________________________
    g. State two other application of electrolysis other than extraction.
    ____________________________________________________________________

    Ans :
    a. To lower down the melting point of aluminium oxide from 2000C to 980C.
    b. Cathode
    c. Al3+ + 3e Al
    d. Oxygen
    e. 2 O2- O2 + 4e
    f. Sodium and magnesium
    g. Purification & electroplating

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