FYP Journal 2017

The Final Year Project Journal 2016 is a publication of the College of Engineering, Xavier University Ateneo
de Cagayan. It is a Compilation of Abstracts of the Students' Final Year Projects of the current school year.
The Final Year Projects Display and Presentation is also a way of peer review and a venue for healthy con-
structive competition among students.
Final Year Projects Journal 2017 Committee
Jefferson R. Vallente Jr.

Chairperson
Justice Kristine Dover D. Lina-ac

Design Artist
Brean Meg A. Walag

Francis L. Taban
Sheila Mari C. Baang
Layout Artist
Text Editors:
Arielle G. Hernandez
Terrence C. Saab
Articles published in this journal are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the posi-
tion of the Journal Committee and of Xavier University. For further information regarding the projects, please
send them to the e-mail addresses indicated by the authors.
For general inquiries:
Final Year Project Journal 2017 Committee

c/o XU Engineering Resource Center
3rd Floor Engineering Building
Xavier University Main Campus
9000 Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Tel No: +63 88 856 9800 local 9184
E-mail: xuerc@xu.edu.ph
The Final Year Projects Journal
Message from the Dean:
FINAL YEAR PROJECT DISPLAY AND PRESENTATION has always been

about the ultimate experience of our engineering students on academic
excellence. And I am sure that our new crop of successful senior engi-
neering students are real examples of this kind of excellence that I
would like to describe:
First, excellence does not happen overnight, it entails a long process of

preparation. I am sure all senior student authors/presenters realize that the preparation needed for FYPS
work is not merely starting from the time they wrote the proposals for these projects one or two semester(s)
ago; it actually started by the time they took up their first engineering courses such college algebra and trigo-
nometry, introduction to the engineering profession and even the first of our English/Filipino subjects. If you
are not convinced, imagine doing the same FYPS process all over again without these subjects.
Second, our brand of excellence is a result of many iterations. I do not know of anyone who got their design,
experiments, written reports, powerpoint presentations right and perfect the first time. Nobody was exempt-
ed from the humbling drudgery of accepting and revisiting our mistakes, rethinking our options and then re-
vising our strategies and then do things all over again until we get it right. Excellence in engineering design
and research does happen overnight.
Third, excellence should be shared to others with humility and with hopeful prayer of learning more. Excel-
lence loses its meaning if it is attained solely for self-glorification. Our brand of excellence is one that ulti-
mately serves others and gives us deeper appreciation of and make us living embodiment of magis, cura per-
sonalis, care for creation and of finding-God-in-all-things.
Hercules R. Cascon, Ph.D.

Dean, College of Engineering
CONTENTS
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
1. Proposed Design of On-Site Detention Tank for Urban Flooding Along Masterson Avenue, Cagayan De Oro
City
2. Seismic Risk Modelling of Zones 2, 5 and 9 of Barangay Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City
3. Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis of the Iponan River Watershed with the Dike System
4. Internet Protocol Controlled Quadcopter
5. Structural Flood Mitigating Measures in the Bitan-ag Watershed
6. Landslide Risk Assessment of Five Selected Barangays in Cagayan De Oro City
7. Immediate Rescue Response System
8. Collapsible Mobile Type Solar PV Generator for Disaster Stricken Areas
9. Slope Stability Analysis on Man-Made Slopes in Selected Sitios of Barangay Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro
City
ENVIRONMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

1. Simultaneous Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass Production and Organic Loading Removal from High Strength
Pineapple Cannery Wastewater
2. Recycling High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Plastic of XU Campus to Plastic Lumber Using Solar Heater
3. A Study of Small-Scale Prototype Wave Power Limpet System Using Three-Bladed Twisted-Type Savonius
4. Brgy. Imbatug, Baungon, Bukidnons Pico Hydro Power Generator
5. Small Scale Windbelt Farm: an Evaluation on the Performance for Optimum Use
6. Production of Bio-oil and Bio-char from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Pulp using Fast Oxidative Pyrolysis in
a Fluidized Bed Reactor
7. Proposed Extensive Vegetated Roof System Design for Indoor Temperature Control
8. Wave Data Acquisition Using WAFECS
9. Real-time Soil pH monitoring system
10. Solid Waste Characterization and Proposed Alternative Disposal Method in Xavier University - Ateneo de
Cagayan Main Campus
11. Performance Evaluation of Sulfonated Polystyrene Powdered Activated Carbon (SPS PAC) in a Packed
Bed Column
12. Production of Cellulose Acetate Food Packaging Film from Waste Carica Papaya L. Peelings Through Iodine
Catalysis
13. Sanitary Landfill Design for Cagayan de Oro
14. Footsteps Power Generator Using Piezoelectric Sensors
15. Stationary Pedal-Powered Electric Generator
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND TRANSPORTATION

1. Evaluation of the Sustainability of Jeepneys from the Routes of Bugo, Xavier Heights, and Iponan in Caga-
yan de Oro City using SocioEconomic Factors as Indicators
2. Profitability Modelling and Analysis of Jeepney Ridership on Selected Routes in Cagayan de Oro City
3. Analysis of Jeepney Demand along Cogon Market in Cagayan de Oro City
4. Ecodriving Evaluation of Acceleration, Cruising, Deceleration, and Idling Modes and Fuel Consumption in
Real-World Environment using GIS Spatial Analysis
5. Travel Time and Delay of Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ's) in selected routes in Cagayan de Oro City
6. Trip Distribution for Motorela Generated by Singly Constrained Model with Fluid Analogy Application in
Cagayan de Oro City
7.Trip Distribution Modelling in Residential Areas in Barangay 1-40, Cagayan de Oro City
8. Coco Sugar Production
Business Model of a Bioethanol Enterprise in Mindanao: Mindanao Bioenergy, Inc.
Press and Go: An Android Application to Reduce Queuing in Restaurants
9. SNT Battswap: An Electric Tricycle Battery- Swapping Station
10. Control System of the Load via Global System for Mobile Communication
11. Premaz Food cart- Premaz Enterprise Business Plan
12. Racketportal: A University - Industry Projects Website
13. Acoustics, Lighting and Temperature Assessment in Educational Facilities of Xavier University
INNOVATIVE DESIGN
1. Production of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Using Post-Consumer Poly (Ethylene Terehphthalate) (PET)
Bottles Through Microwave-Assisted Glycolysis
2. Production of Caseinate Film Through Chemical Cross-Linking Treatment from Scrap Milk
3. Thermal Sensor Detecting Bedsore for Bed Ridden Patients
4. Design and Construction of a 0.5 Ton Libr Absorption Refrigeration System
5. Design of a Solar-Assisted Absorption Type Domestic Air Conditioning System
6. Emergency 3W In-Pipe Rainwater Powered Turbine
7. An Experimental Evaluation of the Tire-Derived Geocell Performance Reinforced in a Model Embank-
ment
8. Odor Based Electronic Diaper Monitoring System for the Elderly and Paralyzed
9. Performance Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Conventional RC Beam and EPS Concrete-Filled U-
Shaped Ferrocement Composite Beam
10. RIV Ergonomic Designed Unloading Agent
11. An Ergonomic Innovation of The Current Grocery Cart
12. Ergonomic Load Carrier
13. Effect of Varying Light Source and Growth Medium on the Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris in Airlift Pho-
tobioreactor
14. Zing!: An Integrated Mobile Shopping Assistance and Point-Of- Sale System
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
PROPOSED DESIGN OF ON-SITE DETENTION TANK FOR URBAN FLOODING
ALONG THE HIGHWAY OF MASTERSON AVENUE, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Ian Dominic Bunao, Johnny Co, Benjoe Nio Macabodbod, Jay Niel Yape
Civil Engineering Department
Email: jayniely@gmail.com
Jose Lorenzo D. Bucton

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Cagayan de Oro City is now highly urbanized. The land cover already should urban develop-
ment traces, this include impervious surfaces such as roads, pavements and concrete covers.
Moreover, vegetative surface are limited and areas for storm water and rainfall seepage be-
comes narrowed. Furthermore, urban drainage systems were proven to be inefficient and as a
consequence floods occurrence which are evident during prolonged rainfall. These environ-
mental problems greatly affects economic stability and development of specific areas particu-
larly along Masterson Avenue. The objective of this research is to design a drainage system
and propose alternative flood control system such as a water detention tank. The study em-
ployed, namely: (1) discharge methods of the orifice by considering the runoff coefficient
used within 0.30-0.55 for residential district zones (JICA 1990) and the average rainfall meth-
od using 5-year return rate collected from 2011 to 2016 and (2) design of an effective and
economical detention tank which connects the smaller tributaries of canal inlet to the holding
area as well the outlet line of the main drain. This storm-water detention tank should also
serve to hold and store the volume of run-offs of the surrounding area and help reduce the
velocity of water run-offs. Moreover, the designed detention tank should drain itself before
the next rainfall. The study highly recommend the adoption of detention tank as holding areas
for flood control and storm water draining so that flash floods in the low level areas will be
minimized and sustainable urban environment will be addressed.
FINAL YEAR PROJECTS 2017

SEISMIC RISK MODELLING OF ZONES 2, 5 AND 9 OF BARANGAY CARMEN, CAGA-
YAN DE ORO CITY
Jan Carlos Vincent Arquiza, Michael Phillip Bajuyo,
Neil John Dacuyan, Jorge Lagumbay Jr., Nia Charisma Tiu
Email: jcarlarquiza@gmail.com
Christy Anne Marie C. Colanse, Jefferson R. Vallente Jr.

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Areas in Barangay Carmen have different types of buildings varying from settlements to mar-
kets to schools. Structures located in Zones 2, 5 and 9 are old and built without expertise hold
quite a huge seismic risk. These zones are also considered the top three densely populated
areas in the barangay. This raise concerns to the researchers since these buildings are func-
tional daily and are occupied by a certain quantity of the population depending on the type of
building located at the high risk areas in the barangay (Lo and Oreta, 2013). The Casualty
Model (Coburn and Spence, 2002) is adapted in this study to determine the estimated casual-
ties in the selected area caused by physical damages due to earthquakes on structures which
will then be simulated on different cases in the process. The data of the buildings that are
gathered will be collected and used are structurally analyzed by SAP2000. Data will then be
processed into ArcGIS where the casualty data will be shown on various maps with varying re-
sults. This study will benefit the local government units of Barangay Carmen to increase
awareness towards the risk of occupants within the structure at any time of the day.

HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF THE IPONAN RIVER WATERSHED
WITH THE DIKE SYSTEM
Casey M. Alla, Czarina Ann P. Casirayan, Mark Jayson W. Portarcos,
Nico Miguel C. Tabanas, Allen Jay P. Wee Eng
Email: portarcosmark@gmail.com
Dexter S. Lo, Jan Taat, Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
It is an inevitable fact that climate change affect and increase the flooding incidence in the
Philippines. In Cagayan de Oro City, extreme rainfall already changed the course of its rivers
and consequently causes river floods. In particular, the changing course of the Iponan River
already threatened flood areas in the neighboring areas of the river bank. During the two oc-
currence of typhoons, namely: Sendong and Pablo, the river overflowed. Apparently the old
dike was proven insufficient since the river inundated in some areas. Since then, mitigation
measures such as the improvement and construction of dikes were initiated. This study aims
to determine the flood inundated areas with the consideration of the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH) proposed dike system along the downstream area in the Iponan
River. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Lidar data of the University of the Philippines- Disas-
ter Risk and Exposure Assessment for Mitigation (UP-DREAM) program is used and satellite
imagery dataset such as Landsat 8 and ASTER were utilized extensively to extract topographic
and bathymetric data such as the watershed characteristics, river geometry and cross-section
profile. Secondary rainfall data and flood-dike specifications from PAG-ASA and DPWH, respec-
tively were also used in the analysis. This study revealed that hydrologic and hydraulic evalua-
tion of rivers should be critically scrutinized, while accurate and reliable tools should be em-
ployed and the investigation of any designed structures such as dikes should be verified to ad-
vance the flood mitigation measures of a river.

INTERNET PROTOCOL CONTROLLED QUADCOPTER
Peter James Sabalza Felicia, Earl Jan Baconguis Guirit, Deane Danel Lugatiman Pepito
Electronics Engineering Department
Email: finalyearproject54@gmail.com
Majiah S. Collado
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Disaster such as typhoon, landslide and floods are getting more frequent and unpredictable
these days. Aftermath disasters are hard to assess especially in high risk areas. Drones are de-
ployed to get aerial data to affected areas without the risk of human life. However the Re-
mote Control drone is limited to the line of sight with it and only covers a limited distance
from the user. The main purpose of this study is to address the limitation of the drone in man-
aging disaster, and that could help search and rescue operations and collects aerial data in or-
der to fully grasp the whole situation. Remote Control drone uses radio frequency connec-
tions, and using any range of frequency is strictly prohibited by the National Telecommunica-
tions Commission. This means, users can only use certain frequency therefore limits the flight
range capacity of the drone. The researchers came up with an engineering solution and re-
place the connection via internet protocol. As we all know, internet of things is so popular
these days, internet do a lot of things and one of them is it connects the whole world. The re-
searchers were able to innovate an Internet Protocol Controlled Quadcopter. Various experi-
ments were conducted to test the range of connectivity, and was successfully controlled the
drone, located here in Cagayan De Oro, all the way from Florida United States of America.
Base on the data results, the group concludes that as the delay increases the internet speed
decreases, also if the network signal strength decreases the delay increases as well, on the
other hand the distance does not vary as delay varies. Thus the group proudly concludes that
the distance between the user and the drone-Remote Control, controlled limitation-is not a
problem anymore.

STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATING MEASURES
IN THE BITAN-AG WATERSHED
Arc Siede I. Cabugsa, Alec A. Joyo,
Alejandro R. Montaer III, Paul Christian G. Dalagan
Email: paulchristiandalagan@gmail.com
Jefferson R. Vallente, Dexter S. Lo, Jan Taat

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Past events of flooding has been occurring more frequently in Cagayan de Oro city, Philippines
than it was before. As growth in economy consistently booming, the problems of flooding is
still a perennial issue. One of this growth area in the city is the urban stretches of the Bitan-ag
Creek where recent developments have increased the risks of potential damage from recur-
ring flooding. These developments are in the boundary of the watershed which traverses from
the upstream part of Indahag and flows down to the urban area of Lapasan. Apart from that,
the watershed serves as the main drainage channel in major parts of barangay Camaman-an,
Poblacion, Lapasan, and Nazareth. The research tries to investigate the effect of channel en-
largement and detention ponds as means to alleviate flooding problems in a 25-50 year rain
event through the combination of Hydrologic and Hydraulic modeling via HEC-HMS and HEC-
RAS respectively. Results show that the optimum design of channel enlargement at rectangu-
lar channel with a 6 meter width increase can reduce the inundated area only by 56%. While
the detention ponds with an accumulated volume of 265,000 cu.m. along five (5) sites can re-
duce the inundated area by 53%. Furthermore, model results show that these two scenarios
complementarily can reduce the inundated area up to 69%. This shows that based from the
criteria set in evaluating the effectiveness of the flood mitigating measures, which is its capac-
ity to reduce the flooded area, combining channel enlargement and detention ponds is better
than having just either one of them. The researchers recommend further studies in improving
the capacity and direction of the tributary channels for overall improvement of the drainage
system.

LANDSLIDE RISK ASSESSMENT OF FIVE SELECTED BARANGAYS IN CAGAYAN DE
ORO CITY
Therese Zennia Marie Estenzo, Russel Paluya, Jasper Lance Peamante, Kevyn Gerard Tan
Email: kevynger@gmail.com
Jefferson R. Vallente Jr, Gerardo P. Apor

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Risk to landslide in Cagayan de Oro is least studied as compared to any other hazards. Given
its dense population with a pre-dominant topographic feature of hilly to mountainous while
the city is also located in proximity to active fault lines and high precipitation being in the
tropics. This mixture of physical features in seismicity, topographic and meteorological param-
eters makes the city prone to landslides. To do a landslide risk analysis this research took five
barangays predetermined based on its population, occurrence of landslide and high geo-
hazard susceptibility based from MGB. From this, the study assessed the locations in terms of
risk in landslide triggered by seismic and rain-induced factors. Extensive use of remote sens-
ing data coupled with GIS grid overlay method were done in the classic risk quantification
framework. The risk index generated were a function of multiple parameters including slope,
lithology, soil humidity, land cover, rain intensity, and seismic intensity for hazard; socio-
economic for vulnerability; and population for exposure. The results show that areas with
steep slopes and dense population exhibit high landslide risk. Also, the analysis indicate that
these areas must be critically examined for further development with emphasis on mitigating
measures.

IMMEDIATE RESCUE RESPONSE SYSTEM
Jim Chavez, Bobby Nanolan

Industrial Engineering Department
Glenn B. Paclijan
Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
In this century technology has led countless development and success throughout the world,
and not only that, it also has improved how people work and live their daily lives. On the oth-
er hand, technology has been used to destroy and take lives but on the contrary it has also
been a great help on saving and keeping safe the lives of every individual. This study provides
a business model on efficient emergency operations. The Immediate Rescue Response System
will introduce a new perspective on handling vehicular and traffic accidents in Northern Min-
danao and possibly be applied Nationwide. The business plan will introduce a real-time and
functional way to address vehicular accidents efficiently to avoid further damage and casualty.
The J&B Enterprise studied and planned the project, with a huge range of potential market
particularly from two wheeled and four wheeled vehicles.

COLLAPSIBLE MOBILE TYPE SOLAR PV GENERATOR FOR DISASTER STRICKEN
AREAS
Rey Christopher R. Acosta, Joseph Lloyd B. Parba,
Mark Anthony C. Tabamo, Nhiro Franco C. Tibon
Electrical Engineering Department
Email: nhiro_009@yahoo.com
Gunnar Marc Shane C. Cabaraban

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Mindanao is known to be a typhoon-free area from the past years, as Jose Maria Lorenzo Tan,
president of World Wildlife Fund Philippines said Before, (storms) almost never reached Ce-
bu, and definitely not Davao. Now, they do, When Cagayan de Oro was hit by the typhoon
Sendong or Tropical Storm Washi, the city experienced blackout for weeks. Normally, Electric
Utility companies cannot provide immediate source of power. As an alternative response to
the needs of the people who are devastated. We researchers designed a collapsible mobile
type generator that uses renewable energy source as a power provider. Using renewable en-
ergy resources such as solar power during disasters is more practical to use, because of
its environmental and health advantages. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a natural and
wise solution for disaster preparedness because of their sustainable, stand-alone operation
capabilities compared to the foul emissions from gas-powered generators who also contrib-
utes to air pollution and climate change. By making the solar panels collapsible or foldable, it
can maximize the solar panel to the car size ratio. It implies efficiency as the solar panels are
collapsed, the area of the panels widens compared to the traditional Solar Generator set. By
measuring important parameters such as solar irradiance, PV array voltage, PV array current
and assuming the important loads in the area. We determine the number panels needed,
batteries to be used and size of the inverter. As we calculated the capacity of the PV genera-
tor can produce with the assumed loads. Having the capacity of 2.1 KW, we can provide the
most important needs of the people like the power source for charging and for preserving
medicines in a refrigerator.

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS ON MAN-MADE SLOPES IN SELECTED SITIOS OF
BARANGAY LAPASAN, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Christine Mae Aguero, Kristina Marea Obungen, Michael Patungan, Threa Rae Tudas
Email: tinaobungen@gmail.com
Gerardo P. Apor
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Natural slopes of Sitio Kolambog, Hillside Village and Santa Cruz I in Barangay Lapasan are
now undergoing substantial amount of modification to cater the increasing demands for ur-
ban space as the city advances economically. Parts of these slopes are spontaneously
trimmed by residents for them to be able to construct their houses without using any stand-
ards and precise calculation, rendering some parts unstable. The tropical climate influencing
Barangay Lapasan bringing frequent precipitation also increases the likelihood of landslide to
occur. Hence, a comprehensive and analytic study must be done to assess the stability of
these slopes. This research intends to study the strength parameters of the soil to quantify
the stability and define its Factor of Safety not just on normal conditions, but also on different
worst rainfall scenarios, enabling the researchers to devise and recommend mitigation
measures to reduce impact on the surrounding communities of the slope. GeoStudio, a free-
ware, was the key software utilized for the slope stability analysis which generates critical fac-
tors of safety upon simulation of the rain. In addition to field observations and available sec-
ondary logs collected, laboratory tests such as Triaxial Machine Testing using Unconsolidated
Undrained conditions in accordance with ASTM D2850 were carried out to collect the neces-
sary data for the study. Upon analysis, results shows that the slope of Sitio Kolambog has a
Factor of Safety of 1.06, Hillside Village and Sitio Sta. Cruz Uno has a factor of Safety of 1.7
and 1.59 respectively and are considered safe on normal conditions; where only the soils
properties and loadings brought by existing communities are considered. Integrations of rain-
fall conditions decreased the slope safety factor to 1.05, 1.65 and 1.56 respectively. The sim-
ulation results fairly coincide with the practical phenomena and conditions observed in the
field. With these output, the researchers will now be able to propose engineering recommen-
dations to the concerned local agencies to minimize the risk of the hazards that the surround-
ing communities of the slopes on the different study areas are facing.

ENVIRONMENT AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SIMULTANEOUS PROTEIN-RICH FUNGAL BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND ORGANIC
LOADING REMOVAL FROM HIGH STRENGTH PINEAPPLE CANNERY WASTEWATER
Ken Jay M. Cagatan, Ruben A. Legaspi Jr. and Nicole Pearl M. Manabat
Chemical Engineering Department
Email: legaspirjr@gmail.com
Hercules R. Cascon
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
The treatment of high-strength wastewater necessitates the use of a sequence of anaerobic
digestion and aerobic processes in order to achieve effluent quality standards set by DENR-
EMB. This treatment, however, is quite costly and produces low-value bacterial biomass,
which requires further treatment prior to disposal. As an alternative, fungal treatment of
wastewater can be used; this produces value-added fungal biomass which can be used as an
animal feed, or even for human consumption. This research aims to investigate the feasibility
of utilizing Aspergillus oryzae in simultaneous protein-rich fungal biomass production and or-
ganic loading removal from high strength pineapple processing wastewater. A sequential ex-
perimental design was used to verify the feasibility of cultivation of A. oryzae with pineapple
cannery wastewater as substrate. Shake flask cultivation trials of the fungus in simulated pine-
apple wastewater under sterile conditions will be accomplished, with series of optimizations
starting with that of wastewater concentration, nutrient supplementation and pH level. The
obtained optimum parameter is 100% for wastewater concentration, nutrient supplementa-
tion and pH optimum parameters will follow. The optimum conditions obtained on the shake
flask trial will then be used in a 1.5L batch fermenter with varying aeration rate and agitation
speed. Initial and daily bioreactor samples will be analyzed for its COD content. Fungal bio-
mass production will be measured through harvesting and drying of the produced biomass
after end of fermentation run. Analysis of crude protein and amino acid content on the sam-
ple will be done to determine its potential use as an animal feed.

RECYCLING HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PLASTIC OF XU CAMPUS TO
PLASTIC LUMBER USING SOLAR HEATER
Mike Jones S. Quitiol, Jerakim S. Tagno-ay, Ganvets M. Trazona
Mechanical Engineering Department
Email: mjquitiol@gmail.com
Nelson T. Corbita
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan is one of the top university in Mindanao and located in
the Cagayan de Oro City. The campus having a cafeteria that offers many food outlet stores and
serves the student and the community every day. Almost all people in the campus go to the
cafeteria and consumes product which are made of plastic material, one of that is HDPE plastic
(High Density Polyethylene). However, the amount of HDPE plastic in Materials Recovery Facili-
ty gradually increases, approximately 66% increase from 2014 to 2015.The study aims to recy-
cling the product into a lumber using solar heater through melting. The design of the solar
heater is parabolic reflector with addition of Fresnel lens. There are two kinds of Fresnel lens
used, spot lens and linear lens. The main parameter to obtain is temperature produced in us-
ing parabolic mirror, parabolic mirror with spot lens, and using only linear lens. Once the HDPE
plastic is melted using the solar heater, the desired output which is plastic lumber can be pro-
duced. Results shows that the highest temperature obtained using parabolic mirror with spot
lens and linear lens is 193 and 240 which is greater than the melting point of the HDPE plas-
tic which is 130. Based on the results, the designed solar heater is able to melt the plastic and
recycling it to plastic lumber.

A STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE PROTOTYPE WAVE POWER LIMPET SYSTEM USING
THREE-BLADED TWISTED-TYPE SAVONIUS TURBINE INTENDED FOR OPOL RESI-
DENCE
Vincent George C. Ang II, Angelica R. Calotes, Harold G. Sevilla, Ivan Averi B. Guba
Email: calotes_angelica@yahoo.com
Elmer B. Dollera
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Fossil fuel has been the cause of heavy pollution and damages ozone layer for many years.
Fossil fuel is used to perform mechanical work or generate electricity. New concepts arise to
relate to renewable source of energy. This study aims to design and fabricate a small-scale
prototype of the wave power LIMPET system intended for Opol residence settling near the
seashore as well as pressure-power characteristic curve of the Limpet system and also to be
able to evaluate the performance of the whole system. The Land Installed Marine Power Ener-
gy Transmitter (LIMPET) is a device that transforms wave energy into electrical energy. It
works on the principle of waves rising and falling in a column, which creates a suction and dis-
charge of air to and from the atmosphere. So the main power generation according to D.V. Ev-
ans and R. Porter (Hydrodynamic Characteristics of an Oscillating Water Column Device,
1995), is the power that has been gathered due to a normal flow of wave forcing the free area
of the fluid between the barrier and the wall to oscillate then the volume of air pumped
above the free surface through a one-directional turbine placed inside the Oscillating water
column. ("J. Fluid Mechanics", p.155) . The twisted Savonius turbine combines the advantages
of a conventional Savonius turbine with the twisted design of a helical Darrieus turbine
(Duffett et al., 2009). If there is no available wave maker here in the Philippines, the research-
ers will make a simple wave maker. This research study will not include the study of waves or
the behavior of waves. This study will not include the simulation of the waves inside the water
flume.

BRGY. IMBATUG, BAUNGON, BUKIDNONS PICO HYDRO POWER GENERATOR
Michael L. Akut, Emilio Rodrigo B. Enriquez, Manjobel E. Ladao
Email: michael.akut@yahoo.com
Rogelio C. Golez Jr.

Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
This study aims to generate 60 Watt power supply to light up an LED on a street of a Barangay
Imbatug, Baungon, Bukidnon. A water wheel was used in this study because it is the most
common used machine in generating power especially in an irrigation site where water con-
tinuously flows. Two water wheels were used in this study with the same parameters. The ex-
perimental activity was also set up on the same conditions such as the flow rate and water
velocity. The first wheel is called the conventional water wheel and the second wheel is
called the angular blade water wheel. Run-of-river was used in this study. It diverts water
from a stream to another path where high pressure of water is flowing to the direction of the
point where the water wheel is installed. The two water wheel are expected to generate a
power of 60 watts to supply the LED street lights. However, angular blade water wheel is ex-
pected to generate more power than the conventional water wheel. The power generated
does matters on how the water wheels were designed and the materials that were used on
fabrication. The result of this study will help us determine on what blade will be more effi-
cient on an undershot waterwheel and also to provide free street light on roads.

SMALL SCALE WINDBELT FARM: AN EVALUATION ON THE PERFORMANCE FOR
OPTIMUM USE
Francisco Eduardo R. Bade, Jefferson Evander D. Rocha, Resil Christian S. Galacio,
Johnkaryl D. Gatilogo
Email: francsicobade5@gmail.com
Rogelio C. Golez Jr.

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Electricity plays an important role in everyday lives, people now are all dependent in the use
of electricity. Nowadays, there is insufficient supply of electricity since the demand never stop
increasing each year. CEPALCO forced a rotating brownouts In order to conserve power. Small
scale power requirement gadgets like cellphones, batteries, radios and chargeable flashlights
is very essential in our needs especially in brownouts. To aid a little about this problem, re-
newable energy can be utilize to convert it into mechanical then to electrical energy. Wind is
one of the major source of renewable energy and can be maximize due to its abundance in
the environment. A new study emerge to produce electricity by using windbelt generator.
This technology harvest wind power using a belt to convert it into mechanical power due vi-
bration, then converting mechanical power to electricity by movements of the magnets
attached in the belt, located in between the two copper windings. As the belt vibrates so as
the magnets displace, which cause the cutting of magnetic flux in the presence of the copper
coils. This phenomena will generate voltage. To fully maximize the power of this technology,
this windbelt generator has been improve to use multiple layers of belts, magnets and copper
coils and call it as a windbelt farm. The farm goes with the same windbelt generation process.
The important factors of this technology, is the number of turns of the copper and the proper
size of the magnets and the proper length of the belts. Shorter belts are effective in high
speed wind and longer belts are effective in low speed wind.

PRODUCTION OF BIO-OIL AND BIO-CHAR FROM PINEAPPLE
(ANANAS COMOSUS) PULP USING FAST OXIDATIVE PYROLISIS IN A FLUIDIZED
BED REACTOR
Shelly Theresse Novo, Ercille Mae Pacamo, Jefferson Yacapin
Email: stheressenovo.st@gmail.com
Maria Theresa Isla-Cabaraban

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Energy recovery from biomass using thermochemical conversion processes has been project-
ed to provide an alternative sustainable energy source in the coming years. This study aims to
evaluate the technical viability of fast oxidative pyrolysis using waste pineapple pulp in a fluid-
ized bed reactor. An exploratory approach of investigating the effect of reaction temperature
to the product yields of bio-oil, bio-char and syngas was conducted. Waste pineapple pulp
was collected by convenience sampling from the pineapple plant source. It was then sun-
dried to obtain less than 10% moisture content and milled to an average particle size of 0.500
mm. Proximate and ultimate analyses of pulp on an as-received basis showed carbon and oxy-
gen content of 42.03% and 37.30%, respectively and volatile matter at 69.32%. Its high
heating value (HHV) was 16.17 MJ/kg. This low ash content, high volatile matter and high HHV
of the pulp makes it suitable for the production of bio-oil. A thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
of the pulp was also performed to define the range of temperature which was determined to
be (insert). Air flow rate supplied to the reactor was based from the minimum fluidization ve-
locity obtained as (insert) from the cold fluidization conducted prior to the pyrolysis. Two (2)
pyrolysis runs were carried out at an average feed rate of 3 kg/h. The product yields of bio-
char, bio-oil and gas were up to 2.10%, 11.70% and 86.20% respectively. Proximate and ulti-
mate analysis of bio-char revealed (insert). Results from the gas chromatography of the prod-
uct gas (insert). Bio-oil produced exhibited water content, viscosity and HHV of (insert), re-
spectively. (insert conclusion).

PROPOSED EXTENSIVE VEGETATED ROOF SYSTEM DESIGN FOR INDOOR
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Kaycee Jane M. Capul, Carlos Thaddeus S. Encinas,
Joran R. Jopillo, Rose Marie Vic S. Quirante
Email: rosequirante12@gmail.com
Julie Ann I. De La Cruz, Joel Camilo M. Haos

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Numerous studies on buildings with vegetated roof system have been conducted to prove its
workability in storm water control and its benefits in the surrounding environment. A green
building or sustainable building is designed advance energy and water conservation as well as
the promotion of environmentally-friendly material. This study investigates the comparison
of conventional and non-conventional roof system to prove the advantage of utilizing vege-
tated roof systems. Particularly, in reducing roof surface temperature (close to ambient air
temperature) where vegetative roofs will serve as insulation system. The materials used in
the design and construction of the vegetated roof system are made of locally available, eco-
friendly and affordable materials. The primary data of this study was obtained by developing
two prototypes, namely: conventional and non-conventional roof system. Simultaneous re-
cording of hourly temperatures of the prototype houses were also obtained and compared to
the ambient temperature (of the open area). Results revealed that the prototype for non-
conventional (i.e. vegetated roof) system had an average temperature of 30.40 degrees Celsi-
us while the conventional (i.e. G.I. sheet roof) system average temperature is 32.22 degrees
Celsius. The average temperature of the open area was is then 32.81 degrees Celsius. This
further revealed which that the non-conventional roof system reduced the indoor tempera-
ture by 2.41C while the conventional roof system reduced the indoor temperature by only
0.6C. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the adoption of vegetated roof system in resi-
dential building will significantly contribute to the indoor cooling effect of the building. More-
over, adopting the conventional design of a NHA house, this study investigated, redesigned
and adjusted the conventional NHA house to address the necessary structural elements fitted
for the vegetated roof system application. The new design particularly focused on the adjust-
ment of the column element.

WAVE DATA ACQUISITION USING WAFECS
Hudson E. Codero, Stephen Lloyd G. Gerona,
Paul Albert M. Longakit, Donnie Ray C. Villamar
Email: gerona.stephen1125@gmail.com
Jolou F. Miraflor
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Mindanao, being separated from the other island groups, suffers from energy crisis which hin-
ders progress. Solutions had been started like coal power plants, but these solutions would
only lead to another problem environmental pollution. This study uses an existing device
(WAFECS) to create a device that can interpret the output of WAFECS, giving readable data.
Wave Activated Forced-Air Energy Conversion System (WAFECS) is a device that utilizes the
vertical force of the wave to create energy. Using this device together with a data acquisition
system, wave characteristics such as wave height and wave frequency, as well as its corre-
sponding generated power is acquired. In line with this, the study aims to produce a timely
wave data table and graph that would illustrate the relationship of the generated power from
WAFECS and the wave characteristics. WAFECS is comprised of an accordion pump, a wind
turbine, and a dc dynamo. The data acquisition system is comprised of Arduino Uno micro-
controller, Arduino GPS Shield, and Arduino SD/MMC. Wave data were gathered from a web-
site in the internet, http://www.buoyweather.com, and were used as input in the simulation
of the WAFECS. The output of the WAFECS was then directed into the data acquisition device.
The microcontroller is programmed to log the output wave height, frequency, output volt-
age, output current and generated power. Results show that at a wave height of 1 m and a
frequency of 0.4 Hz, the generated power is 6W, which is the highest output of the WAFECS.
Wave height and wave frequency is tabulated and plotted against the generated power of the
WAFECS. The results of this study will be used for future wave related studies, and for broader
wave related projects.

REAL-TIME SOIL pH MONITORING SYSTEM
Clindel Joy Ajoc, Dyan Demellites, Dyanara Jane Escoza, Renel Juaneza
Email: renel2327@gmail.com
Majiah S. Collado
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
The project emerged through the determination of the problem which is the uneven yield of
crop production. It seeks to provide solution of the current problem through an easier, and
efficient monitoring system. Monitoring the soil pH is of importance especially for farmers
who sees irregularities in crops growth. The project aims to create a prototype that measures
soil pH levels in real time and display the data in a user-friendly website accessible in devices
through web browser. The project requires precision through calibration. Buffer was used as
the calibration points. As to the data gathering, soil samples were taken from the corners of
the soil box. The data was processed and harnessed through the use of PLX-DAQ in Excel and
was displayed through the SopHtronics website. The researchers found out that the
SopHtronics is capable of displaying real-time measurement of the soil pH level on tested are-
as, the device is limited only to short distance, the data transmission depends on the internet
speed and lastly it was fount out that pH level changes depends on the temperature, moisture
and the surroundings. Overall, the system can provide an easier way of monitoring the soil pH
level changes in real-time.

SOLID WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL
METHOD IN XAVIER UNIVERSITY ATENEO DE CAGAYAN MAIN CAMPUS
Rawelyn Campaa, Marie Rae Santos, Brylle Krystl Patagan
Email: fyps.solidwaste@gmail.com
Jingle Melody Reas

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Effective management of solid waste fundamentally starts with determining the actual waste
compositions and its generation rate. Moreover, as increasing volume of solid wastes eventu-
ally will not be accommodated by the community landfill, solution to solid waste manage-
ment should be advanced. Essentially, waste management methods and practices to reduce
solid waste in the landfill would be ideal. Characterization of the generated solid waste as
well as constant volume monitoring is essential in advancing waste management. This study
aims to investigate the waste composition and generation rate of the solid wastes of Xavier
University main campus and to propose alternative disposal method for non-biodegradable
waste. The monthly solid waste data were gathered from the Universitys Physical Plant
Office (PPO) from 2014 to 2016 reports. The data were then compared by year and analyzed.
Interim results revealed that the total solid waste of the campus has an average volume of
128,319kg over the last three years which comprises residual waste (48.2%), canteen food
waste (35.0%), paper waste (8.9%), clear bottle waste (2.6%), carton waste (3.0%), plastic
waste (1.0%), solid can (0.5%), colored bottle (0.4%), monoblock (0.1%), cups (0.1%), alumi-
num can (0.1%) and newspaper (0.1%). The results further show that the major components
are residual, food from the canteen and paper wastes. Outcomes of the study discovered
that there was a decrease of 10% in solid waste generated over the last three years. This fur-
ther revealed that a new alternative disposal method for non-biodegradable waste is eco
bricks. Eco Bricks are innovative building material using plastic bottles, filled with other non-
biodegradable wastes or soil that are used for construction materials for partition walls,
schools and even residential houses. The study highly recommends the adoption of campus
solid waste management and the use of eco bricks as an alternative construction material.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE POWDERED
ACTIVATED CARBON (SPS PAC) IN A PACKED BED COLUMN
Christian Paolo Asequia, Mark Joseph Reyes, Emman Jemuel Velos
Email: paoloasequia@gmail.com
Edwin Richard R. Ortiz

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
The study was done to develop a composite material from waste polystyrene and powdered
activated carbon and evaluate its performance in a fixed bed column. This study is significant
in two ways: (1) the amount of waste polystyrene currently filling up landfills is significantly
reduced and (2) a low-cost, high efficiency filter medium for industrial water processing is de-
veloped. The material underwent the process of sulfonation which is widely known to convert
the composite into an ion-exchange resin. The product, sulfonated polystyrene powdered
activated carbon (SPS -PAC) then have two functions: cation exchange resin and an adsorbent.
The key parameters measured in this study are the water hardness and turbidity. A simulated
wastewater with pre-determined values of the key parameters was prepared which was then
subjected for column studies. An evaluation of the performance of the product in a packed
bed column was conducted through column studies with predetermined bed length and col-
umn geometry as well as the total sampling time and sampling time interval. The ion-
exchange capacity of the material was determined to be 3.560 meq Na+ / g SPS-PAC which is a
value that can compete with commercially available resins. The breakthrough curve was con-
structed and the adsorption isotherm that the system follows was also determined. It was de-
termined that the system is more favorable to follow the Freundlich isotherm model. Highest
percent reduction was recorded at 93% removal of water hardness and approximately 96%
removal for turbidity. A characterization of the product was conducted through the Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Lastly, percent reduction was compared to existing industrial data and showed a more favora-
ble result for the produced material.

PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE FOOD PACKAGING FILM FROM WASTE
CARICA PAPAYA L. PEELINGS THROUGH IODINE CATALYSIS
Mark Gy I. Laurente, Herrick Lloyd O. Amongos, Bonn Axell S. Moran
Email: ddeguzman@xu.edu.ph
Dexby P. de Guzman
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Accumulation of petroleum-based plastics is a major concern nowadays particularly on the
issue of drainage clogging causing flash floods in the city due to continuous heavy rain. Also,
there is a need to recycle organic wastes to useful materials in order to minimize harmful gas
emissions into the atmosphere. With these, the study aims to produce biodegradable plastic
in cellulose acetate (CA) film as food packaging from waste Carica papaya L. peelings through
iodine catalysis. In the production of CA film, there were three major processes involved,
these are pretreatment, acetylation and plasticization, respectively. Pretreatment was em-
ployed in order to extract cellulose from waste papaya peelings through size reduction, delig-
nification with 17.5% w/w sodium hydroxide and bleaching with 15% w/w hydrogen perox-
ide. From waste papaya peelings, 34.83% by mass was recovered as cellulose. Fourier Trans-
form Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was used in order to characterize the extracted cellu-
lose in comparison to a standard identifying pertinent functional groups. The absorbances at
hydroxyl group (O H) at 3324 cm-1, C O group at 1009 cm-1 and C H group at 2918 cm-1
are associated with native cellulose. The production process of cellulose acetate was done
with acetylation time are 15, 30 and 45 minutes at 100C and hydrolysis to convert cellulose
triacetate (CTA) to CA. Cellulose acetate produced at 45 minutes obtained highest yield at
97.56% with an acetyl content of 39.67% at a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.44. Acetone
was used as the most compatible solvent in the plasticization process in relation to the calcu-
lated DS value. Acetyl triethyl citrate plasticizer was used due to its biodegradable properties
and widely used as the dominant plasticizer for CA film production. Mechanical properties of
CA film was quantified specifically on tensile strength and percent elongation parameters, re-
spectively through Universal Testing Machine for polymers.

SANITARY LANDFILL DESIGN FOR CAGAYAN DE ORO
Gio Ducto, Kenneth Layug, Kenneth Layug, Crislyn Mae Maturan
Email: vienahlicup@gmail.com
Gerardo Apor
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Management of municipal solid wastes is essential to public health, welfare and the environ-
ment. This study aims to develop a sanitary landfill design for the city of Cagayan de Oro. Spe-
cific objectives include determination of waste volume production that can be accommodat-
ed by the proposed new landfill area, determination of the necessary facilities to be used, and
to evaluate the service lifespan of the proposed area if it will be used as dumpsite.The data
obtained for the study include: (1) waste volume production by the population of Cagayan de
Oro City per capita and (2) the total area of the proposed sanitary landfill located at Pagalun-
gan, Cagayan de Oro City. The proposed sanitary landfill has a total area of 465,819 sq.m or
approximately 46 hectares which can accommodate around 2,125,000 cu. m of total volume
of waste that can hold a timeframe of 70 years. Based on the volume of waste calculated, the
facilities to be used includes are cells, segregation, composting, leachate collection, gas treat-
ment and other facilities that includes drainage systems, and road networks which are neces-
sary for the proposed sanitary landfill. An overview plan of the entire landfill with all the facil-
ities will be showed as a result of this study. Each facility promotes the best way of dealing
municipal solid wastes. As the city government decides to use the area not as a sanitary land-
fill but as a dumpsite, the area will only have a service lifespan of 21 years. Therefore, this
study recommends to use the area as a sanitary landfill.

FOOTSTEPS POWER GENERATOR USING PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS
Ralphe Vanne Clark B. Agustin, Aira Jean A. Damasing,
Jan Matthieu C. Razo, Amer Hussein J. Taratingan
Email: nitsuga_96@yahoo.com
Dondanon A. Bajarla, Jr.

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
As the demand of energy is increasing day by day, the best solution to deal with these sorts of
problems is to find/develop a renewable source of energy considering the climate change
wherein the demand of renewable energy is increasing. Some of the renewable energy tech-
nologies are solar power; wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuel for
transportation are energy generated from natural resources such as wind, sunlight, rain, tides
and geothermal heat. The researchers use the method of power generation through footsteps
as a source of renewable energy that can be obtained while stepping on the stairways with
the strong influence of gravity. The basic working principle of our project footstep power gen-
eration system is based on the piezoelectric sensor. This piezoelectric sensor converts electri-
cal signals into mechanical vibrations and mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. So in
order to implement this foot step power generation system the researchers designed a 1
square foot tile step board with the piezoelectric sensors below it. When a subject steps on
the step board, it then will produce sufficient force for energy generation process. Thus, as a
result, the researchers have concluded that this type of design and setup of power generating
system is very useful. It can withstand a load ranging 40kg to 80kg. Also, the maximum voltage
is 19.5 volts. As a result of completing the above procedure, the researchers made themselves
able to design such compatible system through which it can be use as a charging system
through AC output.

STATIONARY PEDAL-POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR
John Jay P. Centillas, Marlon Brandon R. Juezan,
Joey O. Nasara, Mark Lois P. Paclar
Email: mbrjuezan@gmail.com
Eliseo B. Linog Jr.

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Electrical energy shortage and sudden brownouts are problems that are encountered by
houses that rely on the electrical grid; also, there is always a need of the use of clean source
of energy. These could be addressed by using pedal-powered generation, which harnesses hu-
man power to drive mechanical energy, in a form of cycling, to produce electrical energy. This
power generation could be used in producing the needed energy in a household when possi-
ble blackout or energy shortage occur and at the same time, it benefits the health of the per-
son by the continuous work that must be applied in driving the pedals. The construction of
the pedal-powered electric generator requires the redesigning of a bicycle by replacing the
rear wheel with a flywheel and the pulley, where the mechanical process occurs; and the elec-
trical system, which consists of an automotive alternator (electric generator) that is belted to
the pulley, which produces the electrical energy to be stored in a battery. Once the pedal-
powered generator prototype has been constructed and is ready for use, the ampere gauge
indicates whether the generator is storing energy to the battery. The results show that even
with normal pedaling that produces a lesser revolution per minute (RPM), the generator pro-
duces a viable amount of energy that can charge a battery; and if a greater force is applied on
the pedal, the storing of energy is faster. Based on the results, the amount of energy generat-
ed is affected by the RPM produced by pedaling.

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND
TRANSPORTATION
EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF JEEPNEYS FROM THE ROUTES OF BU-
GO, XAVIER HEIGHTS, AND IPONAN IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY USING
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AS INDICATORS
Kenneth John Aana, Servan John Enriquez, John Clark Flores,
Angelo Gamboa, Junard Jason Vequiso
Email: junard1441@gmail.com
Anabel A. Abuzo
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Sustainability has been a global trend for many years already and nations have been develop-
ing various schemes that target different sectors including the transportation sector. Being an
enthralling concept for sustainability, the transportation sector has been the prime mover of
nations nowadays, especially in developing countries where para transits are very abundant.
In the Philippines, the jeepney is the most predominant paratransit and public utility vehicle,
specifically in Cagayan de Oro. With the rapid urbanization and technological advancement,
jeepneys are unfortunately progressing at a slow rate. With this, the sustainability of these
vehicles are evaluated through different socioeconomic indicators such as vehicle capacity,
age of the vehicle, number of registered jeepneys, travel time, travel distance, fare, fuel, de-
mographic profile, perception, and scenario and willingness to pay, to see whether or not
jeepneys are still feasible as the most basic mode of transport within the city. Routes from Ip-
onan, Bugo and Xavier Heights were strategically chosen for the study, given that these routes
contain the most number of jeepneys, hence, a bigger sample size can be gathered with even
more substantial data. Survey questionnaires for both passengers and drivers were separately
prepared to gather first hand data from both perspectives. Drivers and passengers from each
route were interviewed and scrutinized with questions regarding specific parameters concern-
ing the jeepneys, the route they are taking, and the travel time and destination. The data un-
derwent correlation tests to see how the variables are interrelated with each other. After
which, the results were remodeled using the Multiple Linear Regression to clearly see the re-
lationship among the dependent and independent variables. The model underwent further
testing using the F-test and T-statistics to measure the significance of the model as a whole
and the individual parameters included in the regression, respectively. After the critical data
analysis and observation, the sustainability of jeepneys was measured with regards to the
drivers' and passengers' perspectives and the chosen routes.

PROFITABILITY MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF JEEPNEY RIDERSHIP ON SELECTED
ROUTES IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
RIGENE MAE TABAMO, CHRISTIE GRACE GUMAHIN, SAIRA JOSETTE VERDUGUEZ,
KALI JAN PAUL CUERQUIS
Email: 200931687@xu.edu.ph
Anabel A. Abuzo
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Efficient public transport is essential barometer of a robust transportation system and a sus-
tainable urban environment. However, rapid economic development results to urbanization
and motorization that pose adverse impact on the overall transportation system. Conse-
quently, the increased demand for transportation, roads and facilities threaten the economic
sustainability of a community. This study investigates the baseline condition of the Public
Utility Jeepneys (PUJs) in the City of Cagayan de Oro. In particular, PUJ commuters ridership
and drivers profitability. Profitability is necessary in sustaining a transportation investment
while ridership is essential in balancing transportation demand. The study selected five
routes with fixed points or terminals and a total of 215 vehicle units were investigated based
on route, operation and cost. Survey questionnaire was employed as a tool to assess the spe-
cific profiles, namely: PUJ routes in terms of supply and demand, drivers profitability, and
passenger ridership. Multiple linear regression and statistical analysis was also employed to
evaluate the factors that affect profitability and ridership, respectively. In the development of
the Profitability Model, the significant PUJ variables were also considered, namely: route
length, vehicle capacity, passengers per trips, weekly operation, and trip duration, fare and
operational expenditures. Results of the study include riders and driver trip profile and the
developed Profitability Model. The study recommends the generalized Profitability Model as
a quick tool for transport investors, planners and policy makers in assessing the benefit and
economic viability of public transport investment, in planning better and sustainable public
transport, and in formulating pro-active policies that will advance the promotion of PUJs in
Cagayan de Oro City.

ANALYSIS OF JEEPNEY DEMAND ALONG COGON MARKET IN CAGAYAN DE ORO
CITY
Benjo Bacu, Jon Clifford Dy, Melvin Chris E. Encarnacion, Jason Roy Saarenas
Email: mcencion@gmail.com
Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Congestion prevents us from moving freely and it slows and otherwise disrupts the conduct of
business within urban areas. One of the cause is due to frustrated drivers maneuvering their
vehicles in order to save time which ironically causes disturbance to traffic flow leading to ac-
cidents. It has been shown by a study of Calma et. al., that congestion especially in Cogon
Market can be PUJ flocking main thoroughfares. Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs) are the most
predominant public transportation in major Philippine cities such as in Cagayan de Oro City.
The routes of PUJs regulated by the Land Transportation Franchise and Regulatory Board
(LTFRB) circumvent and pass along the three (3) major markets in the city and one of it is the
Cogon Market, which serves as the central commercial hub of the city. The demand and effi-
ciency of PUJs depend on the commuters. Thus, this study evaluates the demand of PUJs
through some generated models from the four-step modeling. Trip Generation model shows
the Origin-Destination of the commuters and Trip Distribution model shows the frequency of a
commuter travels in a certain destination. Determination of the commuters socio-
demographics, travel behavior, origin-destination, weekly frequency of travel. Collection of
these data are from the conducted Household Level Survey from the five representative ba-
rangays. The research locale is within Barangay Bulua, Gusa, Kauswagan, Lapasan, and Patag.
Results of the survey are used to produce both mathematical model. Treating the data from
outliers by detection test, multicollinearity test, correlation and backward elimination to elimi-
nate insignificant variables every iteration during modeling process. The study is to show if the
PUJ Demand is still efficient for the trip attraction and trip distribution for Cogon Market.

ECODRIVING EVALUATION OF ACCELERATION, CRUISING, DECELERATION, AND
IDLING MODES AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IN REAL-WORLD ENVIRONMENT US-
ING GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Zeus Roi A. Burgos, Frances Maira B. Gante,
Helene Patrice Isabelle B. Tolentino, John Oliver B. Ty
Email: helenetolentino@gmail.com
Anabel A. Abuzo
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Ecodriving is the attitude of driving in an energy-efficient and environmentally-conscious
manner consistent with vehicle optimum operation. Ecodriving programs are widely adopted
driving technology in competing car industries worldwide particularly in European countries
where the advancement of vehicle and driving technology is considered analogous in pro-
moting better vehicle operation, particularly in reducing fuel consumption and vehicular
emissions. In most developing countries, the promotion of Ecodriving is very limited. Metro
Manila is a highly challenged traffic environment similar to other developing Asian cities. Eco-
driving was initiated to evaluate the driving operations and fuel consumption of drivers in city
driving environment. The study investigates the acceleration, cruising, deceleration, and idling
(ACDI) modes and assess suitable Ecodriving techniques. Moreover, this study compares the
normal- and Eco- driving ACDI operations and fuel consumption. GPS was employed to assess
the drivers driving operational factors, namely: road characteristic, road classifications, road
signal stop, fuel consumption, trip distance, and travel time. Also, GIS software was used for
the spatial analysis. Specific driving operations in the ACDI was also compared based on pre-
set smart driving criteria, namely: gentle start or gentle acceleration towards 20kph within 5
-10seconds; maintaining steady or constant speed when cruise or cruising; gentle decelera-
tion operation towards 0kph or zero speed; and smart idling of the vehicle. Results revealed
that (1) most of the drivers who participated in the Ecodriving training have increased fuel
efficiency; (2) there are specific operations in the ACDI mode that is appreciated and im-
proved by most drivers, as revealed in the microtrips; and (3) that the Ecodriving program can
be adopted for localized application (i.e. traffic and route setting). Therefore, this study highly
recommends the adoption of Ecodriving techniques and program for better performance of
drivers driving operation. Moreover, transportation planners and policy makers should ad-
vance Ecodriving promotion for better transport environment.

TRAVEL TIME AND DELAY OF PUBLIC UTILITY JEEPNEYS (PUJ's) IN SELECTED
ROUTES IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Froilan Cil C. Acut, Kris Marianne C. Cuado, Louella D. Mabras,
Mariam Nisah C. Pangalian, Charlene Mae G. Tagam
Email: uellamabras@yahoo.com
Anabel A. Abuzo
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Travel time and delay are among the important measures in gauging a transportation sys-
tems performance. Thus, travel time and delay study are usually employed in the following
applications: transportation modelling, route planning and assessment, congestion manage-
ment and traffic impact analysis. Currently, Cagayan de Oro City is facing rapid urbanization
and motorization. In particular, the increased demand of Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs) con-
sistently confronted traffic congestion, inadequate road capacity, the lack of government in-
centive and support as well as the lack of dedicated public transport facilities. In particular,
PUJs mobility is aggravated by traffic delays which miserably increased the trip time and trip
costs of the drivers, the motorists and commuters. Therefore, this study will investigate the
PUJ commuters and drivers travel time and delay in three selected routes, namely: Bugo, Ip-
onan and Cugman. It will particularly identify the factors that cause the operational and non-
operational delay in each route. An experimental traffic survey was undertaken in each route
using two methods, namely: moving car method and average car method. A statistical regres-
sion analysis was also employed in investigating the relationship of trip delays against trip fac-
tors while contingency valuation was also adopted to assess commuters willingness-to-pay
for trip improvement in each route. The results of the study include the following descriptive
profile, namely: (1) passengers trip profile which includes trip time, purpose, trip cost and (2)
drivers trip profile per route which includes fuel cost, trip frequency, traffic facilities and
traffic delay. The study also successfully formulated and developed the Delay Model with R2=
0.80 which particularly explains the factors that affect travel delays. Finally, the study generat-
ed the drivers and commuters trip recommendations as well as the over policy recommen-
dations of this investigation to help transport planners and policy makers advance the neces-
sary requirement for a better transportation environment.

TRIP DISTRIBUTION FOR MOTORELA GENERATED BY SINGLY CONSTRAINED
MODEL WITH FLUID ANALOGY APPLICATION IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
John Moises Lopez, Jussem Manayaga, Ryan Dave Edrolin,
Ryan Neil Hirang, Van Exel Dulcero
Email: @ryandaveedrolin@gmail.com
Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
Over the years, transportation adapts to its environment, an example of this are the devel-
oped countries that uses advanced technology to develop new forms of transportation de-
pending on the needs of the many, like the high speed mode of transport such as the light rail
trains. These innovations will not stop the developing countries to be hindered, instead, the
developing countries have their own way of competing with the advanced technology. Motor-
cycle is one of the main mode of transportation in South East Asian countries. One example of
a motorcycle driven public transport is a motorela. Motorela is a form of motorcycle-driven
cab used as public transport which is uniquely found in Cagayan de Oro the city. The motorela
was designed to fit the minor roads of the city, specifically Zone 1 (Carmen area), Zone 2
(Consolasion/Poblasion area), Zone 3 (Agora/Lapasan and Macabalan areas), Zone 4
(Camaman-an and Adela Subdivision areas) and Zone 5 (Nazareth and Macasandig areas). Un-
like the jeepneys of the city, motorelas can freely roam around the city, but the drivers cannot
over stay on the area that they doesnt belong because theres a color coding enforced to the
motorela. The reason why motorela can roam is that the drivers pick passengers and deliver
their passengers to places that doesnt belong within the color scheme, thus making that trip
an excess. Generally, the study proposed to model the trips made by motorelas using the
gravity model, specifically type III gravity model, to extract the trips generated by the mo-
torelas, furthermore, the study also proposed to calculate the trip distribution of the mo-
torelas using the singly constrained gravity model which is incorporated with fluid analogy to
produces improved trip length distribution outputs.

TRIP DISTRIBUTION MODELLING IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN BARANGAY 1 TO BA-
RANGAY 40, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Justine Joseph Adrales, Janine Bayla, John Rey Frondarina,
John Virgil Piscos, Cara Mae Sabado
Email: jr.frondarina241@gmail.com
Anabel A. Abuzo
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
The increased demand for public and private transportation adversely affect the overall trans-
portation environment and threatens the City's economic growth. Consequently, increased
traffic congestion highlights the need for better and efficient transport system. Hence, the
study of people's trips will be needed to advance the mobility requirements for a better land
use plan, an effective transportation system, and a robust transportation environment. A Trip
Distribution Model, technically defined as the estimation of trip volumes and exchanges be-
tween zones, is an essential step and tool in transportation studies. Trip Distribution Model
are useful in the following applications, namely: (1) in understanding the macroscopic rela-
tionships between trips; (2) in the assessment of interactions between location; and (3) in
generating trip prediction and forecasts. Therefore, this study investigates the trip distribution
profiles of the household in the residential areas of Barangay 1 to Barangay 40 of Cagayan de
Oro City. The survey methodology employed a Household Survey Questionnaire to assess
each Barangay residents household trip profile. A total of 434 household respondents within
Barangay 1 to Barangay 40 were subjected to queries on their respective household members
socio-economic profiles, demographic profiles, and daily trip diaries. The socio-economic and
demographic profile of respondents were then used to explain the trip capacity of the house-
hold. The trip diaries quantify the number of trips generated and attracted per zone or per Ba-
rangay. The Trip Distribution Model was also developed using the Gravity Model (using travel
time variable as the Deterrence Function). The Production-Attraction (PA) matrix was also de-
veloped and converted to Origin-Destination (O-D) matrix for trip modelling, which was iterat-
ed until all errors and correction factor converges to zero (0) and one (1), respectively. The PA
table showed that most trip were produced in Barangay 35, which is mostly residential; it also
showed that most trip were attracted in Barangay 29, with CCS and MOGHS as main attrac-
tors. Overall, this study highly recommends the use of the generalized Trip Distribution Model
as a tool for traffic engineers and urban planners in the formulation of plans and polies for a
better, effective and robust transportation environment for Cagayan de Oro City.

COCO SUGAR PRODUCTION
Ronan Bajao, Hamlet Sabaduquia, Zeth Gorre

Glenn B. Paclijan
Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to assess the feasibility of the coconut sugar product in the
market based from a financial business plan data gathered from the company named GMAV
Corporation. Cocosugar product nowadays is well defined since it has the capability to control
diabetes while providing the same measure of sweetness of a regular table sugar. A home-
based product from Gingoog is now competing its way to the main stream market urging for
independency as a company. Local citizens are currently working as their employees. They
are trying to imply corporate social responsibility as an edge for their product giving stable
job opportunities to the coconut farmers and the locals. Buying one piece of product is going
to be of indirect help to the community. The current demand of the product in the local and
international market is keeping the company on its place while still striving for production
plant development to increase their productivity towards their acquirers.
In this paper is the revised business plan for the company. It is conducive for people who
wants to simmer their passion for the product and doubts whether it is durable in the mar-
ket. This research paper can support the marketability, operational, organizational, and profit-
ability analysis of the said product. Moreover, all the accounting phases are based from other
selected research papers that has the same content. Some other accounting work was done
by the researchers themselves seeking advices from credible people.
Highlighted in this paper are the management, marketing, and the financials. The contents
consist of marketing plan, production plan, organizational plan, and financial plan. Each chap-
ter consists of the technical information regarding the product.

SNT BATTSWAP: AN ELECTRIC TRICYCLE BATTERY- SWAPPING STATION
Janelle B. Nasala Melvin Joved C. San Blas Joan Rizelle D. Tolentino

Glenn B. Paclijan
Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project paper is to provide a business model to deliver the needs of ener-
gy among electric tricycles in Carmen, Cagayan de Oro city. The electric tricycle market, which
is smaller compared to the gas-run tricycles, is growing in the Philippines, and industry offi-
cials believe that there is a potential for growth of the segment in the country.

CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE LOAD VIA GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNI-
CATION
Jungreg Canda Ancla, Arafat Yahya Bantuas,
Christian Avegail Cuerquis Hermoso, Phillip Emmanuel Dalisay Tan
Email: philliptan17@gmail.com
Gunnar Marc Shane C. Cabaraban

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Power shortage has been a very critical issue especially here in Mindanao. To alleviate this
concern, there are two simplified ways to solve it. One is to increase supply of power. The
other is energy efficiency and conservation by decreasing power consumption of consumers.
This study focuses on the latter. This paper presents the implementation of a Global System
for Mobile Communication (GSM) based on control system for electrical applications that en-
ables the complete control of the interface on which it is based. The system was integrated
with microcontroller and GSM network interface using gizduino. The system is activated when
user sends the SMS to the controller at home. Upon receiving the SMS command, the micro-
controller unit then automatically controls the electrical applications by switching ON or OFF
the device per the users order. The advantages of cellular communications like GSM technol-
ogy is a potential solution for such remote controlling activities. Remotely, the system allows
the homeowner to monitor and control his house appliances via his mobile phone. This sys-
tem provides ideal solution to the problems caused in situations when a wired connection be-
tween a remote appliance/device and the control unit might not be feasible. The system is
wireless and uses the users mobile handset for control and therefore the system is more
adaptable and cost effective. To put it simply, it aimed to develop a convenient way of re-
motely control system in commercial, industrial and residential establishments.

PREMAZ FOOD CART- PREMAZ ENTERPRISE BUSINESS PLAN
Jolie Bravo, Dessa Jane Quieta, Mart Stephen Tejero

Ingrid Yvonne A. Madrial

Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
In the Philippines, food cart standards are yet to be set. In the meantime, there are no proper
guidelines and specifications for a food cart, it cannot fully guarantee proper food handling,
sanitation, and good working conditions. Establishing PREMAZ Enterprise will be the first
step in developing a food cart designed to cater the needs of its operator/s. This business
plan will introduce a new advancement of mobile food cart. With good market opportunity,
seen in this industry is a group of engineering students, determined to venture into the in-
dustry. Careful deliberation and planning for this start-up project was done. As a result, an es-
timated amount of Php 573,833 investment is needed to jumpstart the project, having a pay-
back period of 3.28 years.

RACKETPORTAL: A UNIVERSITY- INDUSTRY PROJECTS WEBSITE
Ma. Jo-Ian Rose Chatto, Kurt S. Pios, Honey Joy Suarin

Bonn Kleiford D. Seranilla

Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
Conducting researches has always been a part of every student. These researches depend on
the topic being discussed and oftentimes urges them to discover new facts. Usually, finding
for the right research topic takes so much time that students end up conducting an irrele-
vant study and unable to finish it on time. On the other hand, many industries are seeking
for individuals who can research for them for additional recommendations and for the com-
panys improvement as well. These concerns led the researchers on creating RacketPortal.
This is a website that could be accessed by any student of a particular university and so with
companies who are interested to have collaborations with the university. The website will
serve as a link between the two entities. Companies will be posting their problems in the
website while the students will browse through these problems and conduct a study out of
it. To access the website, the companies will have to register first. They will also have to pay
for very posting they make. For the students, registration fee will not be charged since ar-
rangements are made between the developers and the universities beforehand.

ACOUSTICS, LIGHTING AND TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACIL-
ITIES OF XAVIER UNIVERSITY
Alexis Anthony Benedict Cimacio, Rizza Jalit, Joseph Haydn Tariga
Email: lexis711@gmail.com
Ian Giovanni R. Pabillaran

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Every school and classroom environment has several factors that may enhance or hamper a
students learning experience. Some of these factors include; noise, lighting and temperature.
This study aims to assess these factors in selected educational facilities of Xavier University
with respect to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning En-
gineers (ASHRAE), and the Illuminating Engineering Society of Northern America (IESNA). The
researchers gathered data on specific rooms in Engineering, School of Business and Manage-
ment, Student Center, and Science Center buildings with respect to class periods from 7:30am
-7:30pm. The one-sample TTEST on SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Statistical re-
sults show that majority of rooms measured fail to meet the 50dB standard on classroom
noise, and 27.77(celcius) temperature for human occupancy while passing the standard illumi-
nation level of 322.917 lux. However, results on survey conducted in these rooms show that
majority of students are indifferent to the lighting levels and temperature of their classrooms,
while confirming that they have been disturbed by noise from various internal and external
sources. These findings suggest a further study on the correlation of students academic
achievement to the mentioned environmental factors.

INNOVATIVE DESIGN
PRODUCTION OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM USING POST-CONSUMER POLY
(ETHYLENE TEREHPHTHALATE) (PET) BOTTLES THROUGH MICROWAVE-ASSISTED
GLYCOLYSIS
Arnold Ian D. Palen II, Quinn D. Jara, Judemae B. Langomes
Email: quinnjara@gmail.com
Edwin Richard R. Ortiz

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics are commonly used as water and soft drinking
bottles. Substantial solid waste generation of PET coupled with non-degradative properties in-
to the environment calls for sustainable recycling. The study aims in utilizing waste PET bottles
through microwave-assisted chemical recycling wherein depolymerized PET will be used as an
alternative raw material for the production of flexible polyurethane foam thereby reduce its
accumulation. Waste post-consumer PET bottles were collected, removed of caps and labels,
and size-reduced. The prepared PET flakes had undergone optimization experiments wherein
the molar ratios of PET to glycerin (1:4. 1:6, and 1:8), irradiation power (Medium and Medium
High) and reaction times (10, 12 and 15 minutes) was investigated to determine optimum pa-
rameters with respect to the highest glycolyzed product (Fraction A) yield. The crude glyco-
lyzed product from the glycolysis reaction underwent extraction and further purification in or-
der to obtain water-insoluble solids (Fraction A) and water soluble solids (Fraction B). Fraction
A was characterized using High Performance Liquid Chromatography to determine the molar
mass distribution. The obtained fraction A was coupled with a chain extender with varying
weight ratios of 1:0.1, 1:0.3 and 1:0.5 (chain extender:Fraction A) to produce the polyol. The
polyol was used to react with polymeric (methylene diphenyl isocyanate) MDI together with
water as the blowing agent in the foaming process to produce the polyurethane foam. The
foam was allowed to free rise on a mold and left to cure at room temperature. The synthe-
sized foam was characterized using FTIR analysis and compression force deflection test. Re-
sults show that the optimum parameter for the glycolysis of PET is 1:4 PET/Glycerin ratio at
Medium High power setting for 12 minutes.

PRODUCTION OF CASEINATE FILM THROUGH CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING
TREATMENT FROM SCRAP MILK
Sheena Claire Bayeta, Leonard Sagaral, John Paulo Tumala
Email: xhinaccbayeta@gmail.com
Dexby de Guzman
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
In 2011, the plastic wastes generated by the Philippines was 5600 tons contributing 16% to
the total waste generated. Currently, 80% of polymeric materials are produced by petrochem-
ical industry. With an increased use of plastics, there is also an increased waste generation
and burden to the environment. On the other hand, one common waste produced by dairy
industrial plants are waste milk. Many of the adverse consequences of improper milk waste
disposal are due to milks high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) thus imposes a challenge
on the treatment of waste milk. This study addresses the accumulating wastes of scrap pow-
dered milk from dairy industry and plastic film industries by utilizing the scrap milk to produce
biodegradable film. Casein protein is extracted through acidification. It is added by plasticizer
to improve flexibility and 0.2 0.4% citric pectin to promote and alter inter-crosslinking net-
works. The casein solution is casted at ~40C and at ambient conditions. FTIR results proved
that the casein extracted from scrap milk is indeed the protein. The spectra of casein is almost
a match on the spectra of poly(ethylene:propylene:diene) and LDPE. This shows the compara-
tive match of quality of the protein film produced in terms of its mechanical properties such
as tensile and EAB to the commercially produced film. Results from the water sorption tests
showed a decreasing %W as citric pectin concentration increases which proves that there is
an increase in cross-linking density. The film thickness varied from 0.13mm 0.25 mm. De-
pending on the efficiency of the casein extraction and protein quality, citric pectin is a useful
addition for protein-based film production.

THERMAL SENSOR DETECTING BEDSORE FOR BED RIDDEN PATIENTS
Juvel Joshua Romero, Raymond Caete, Alexander Vuelban II , Marvyn Gomez
Email: pluto143rom@gmail.com
Johnson Chan
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Bedsores in elderly individuals can cause significant morbidity and mortality and are a major
economic burden to the health care system. Prevention should be the ultimate objective of
bedsore care, and it requires an understanding of the factors leading to bedsores and the
means of reducing both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Early recognition requires a low
threshold of suspicion. Bedsores are areas of necrosis caused by compression between bony
prominences and external surfaces. The damage may be relatively minor, or it may lead to
massive destruction of deeper tissues. One of the factors that causes bedsore is due to exces-
sive temperature. The purpose of the study is to determine excessive skin temperature
(beyond 38 degrees Celsius) of people that are at risk of bedsores, people with a medical con-
dition that limits their ability to change positions, patients who are immobilized, individuals
with long-term spinal cord injuries, elderlies and people who are coma. The design of the re-
search also includes notification/message to the caregivers. The device prototype can notify
patient's skin temperature reaching beyond 38 degrees Celsius. A breathable skin patch is
connected to the microcontroller and is connected to the GSM module. Testing the effective-
ness and accuracy of the sensors, heat packs are simulated to emulate the skin of a person.
The manipulated variable is the temperature of the heat pack and the independent variable is
the time delay of the message received. Temperature results are then compared and it
showed an average percentage error of 1.6208%. The percentage error or a difference of less
than 10% of the result shows that the device prototype is working as designed.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 0.5 TON LiBr ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
Rommyl Rey C. Busangilan, Bon Jovi N. Macahilos, Joshua Eulo A. Salcedo,
Chris Zirbert N. Socorin
Email: gen_shepherd1995@yahoo.com
Nestor G. Ipanag
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Refrigeration today has greatly advanced through modern technology in which it has been
widely used for many applications such as food preservation, medicine storage, and other
types of objects that needs cold treatment. As of the present day, refrigeration systems has
contributed significantly to the depletion of ozone layer. Most of these refrigeration systems
uses refrigerants such as hydrofluorocarbons which has been scientifically proven to be harm-
ful in the environment and can minimize the usage of electric. One alternative method of re-
frigeration system that minimizes the harmful effects in the environment is absorption refrig-
eration. Absorption refrigerators utilizes a heat source to provide energy in dealing with the
cooling process of the system, in which water under low pressure is evaporated from the coils
that are being chilled. One type of absorption cooling system, is the simple salt and water sys-
tem or more likely known as lithium bromide absorption system. Most lithium bromide ab-
sorption cooling systems are utilized on large plants for their cooling systems. The researchers
aimed to design and fabricate a lithium bromide absorption refrigerating system with 0.5 tons
of refrigerating capacity. Such refrigerating capacity is considered small scale for such type of
absorption machine, although it is possible to design such type of chillers. The objective of
this study is to achieve an evaporator temperature at 15 degree Celsius for the purpose of us-
ing it as a temporary storage and preservation of medicine in case if the availability of electric-
ity in a selected area is limited.

DESIGN OF A SOLAR-ASSISTED ABSORPTION TYPE DOMESTIC AIR CONDITION-
ING SYSTEM
Jay Nelson T. Corbita, Ram Paolo A. Daan, Nick Angelo T. Ipanag,
Emmanuel John L. Uy
Email: cjaynelson@yahoo.com
Nestor G. Ipanag
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
At present, commercial air conditioning units utilize the vapor compression cycle (VCC) in its
operation. This type of refrigeration cycle utilizes a compressor which consumes high amount
of power due to the high specific volume of the vapor to be compressed. That is why, this
study aims to design an air-conditioning system which utilizes the absorption cycle. Unlike
VCC, the absorption cycle uses a pump which consumes lesser amount of power compared to
compressors and a generator which consumes heat to drive off vapor absorbed in a solution.
Because of this, absorption cycle consumes lesser amount of power compared to the typically
used vapor compression cycle. Furthermore, the heat requirements of the absorption system
can be produced through different sources. Some of which are waste heat from boilers and
electric heaters. The general objective of this study is to design an absorption type domestic
air conditioning system which uses a solar-assisted heater as the heat source in the generator
and can obtain low temperatures within the range of standard air conditioning operations.
The designed absorber is a falling-film type heat exchanger in which the LiBr solution coming
from the generator releases heat to the cooling water passing through the tubes. To deter-
mine the performance of the designed air conditioning system, the temperatures at the outlet
of each component were measured using a temperature sensor and the operating pressures
were obtained through a vacuum gauge. The temperature and pressure readings were then
used to calculate the heat transfer rates and the COP of the system. On the other hand, the
performance of the designed system was compared to standard air conditioning operation pa-
rameters. The wet and dry bulb temperatures at the air conditioned space were measured. A
one-sample, one-tailed z-test about a population mean with a level of significance equal to
0.05 was used to determine if there is a significant difference between the standard operating
conditions and the operating conditions of the designed system in terms of temperature and
relative humidity.

EMERGENCY 3W IN-PIPE RAINWATER POWERED TURBINE
Louiegee Z. Gingco, Sean R. Baconga, Tommy B. Gaston, Tom Daniel Echem
Email: glouigee@gmail.com
Lito Ignacio P. Villar

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
The study aims to design a device, capable of charging power banks, cellular phones, flash-
light batteries, etc., in times of heavy rains, where there is power outage and the need for
communication is critical. To utilize the rainwater and convert it into potable water, there is
also a water filter dispenser connected to the device to serve as an add-on to the project, but
is not the scope of the study. The device is composed of an in-pipe turbine and a storage
tank. The in-pipe turbine is composed of a plane sheet metal, flywheel, bearings, large gear
and small gear, belt, and 1" PVC. The plane sheet metal is utilized as blades of the turbine,
while the 1" PVC is utilized as the hollow shaft of the turbine. The plane sheet metal is cut in-
to a half-moon shape. Eight pieces of half-moon shaped plane sheet metal are connected via
bolts and knots circulating a 1" PVC. The flywheel is installed at the left end of the shaft while
at the right end, the large gear is installed. The small gear is installed on the motor con-
necting the large gear via belt. The storage tank is composed of 5 pieces of 6" PVC's, 4 pieces
of 6" PVC Elbows, a 6" PVC Tee, and a valve. The 5 pieces of 6" PVC's are arranged and shaped
into rectangle via 6" PVC Elbows and a 6" PVC Tee. The center bottom of the storage tank is
installed a valve. The in-pipe turbine is installed inside the 4" PVC connecting the bearings,
while the motor is installed on the left side surface of the 4" PVC. The 4" PVC is connected to
the storage tank via 64 PVC Reducer. The storage tank is connected to the water filter dis-
penser via hose. The laboratory experiment was done through five trials. In the fifth trial, the
device generated a 2.467 W in a fluid velocity of 1.899 m/s. The results suggest that the de-
vice can power up devices such as power banks, cellular phones, flashlight batteries, etc., in
times of heavy rains or storms.

AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE TIRE-DERIVED GEOCELL PERFORMANCE
REINFORCED IN A MODEL EMBANKMENT
Nur-ain E. Albani, Raymart R. Englis, Camille Anne D. Escobido,
Kerstin Jane B. Guba, Judith D. Montemayor
Email: nurain.albani@gmail.com
Gerardo P. Apor
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Geocell technology is an emerging geotechnical application that is proven to provide essential
soil confinement which is useful in slope stability applications. However, this technology is ev-
ident and used in limited countries yet. In the Philippines, Scrap Tire wastes are growing along
with urbanization and progress. Policies involving tire disposal is similar to plastics which
dumped straight to landfills and allowed to decompose naturally for 50-80 years. This paper
studies the design, influence and advantages of the Tire-derived Geocell performance rein-
forced over weak homogenous clay soil sample through model embankment tests. The physi-
cal and mechanical properties of the model embankment infill is controlled. Incremental load-
ing was applied on the crest and deformation of the embankment in the walls of the Tire-
derived Geocells using dial gage indicators were observed successively. The influence on the
behavior of Geocell reinforcement in the model embankment is relative to material ultimate
tensile strength and the soil infill properties cohesive strength, angle of friction, placement
moisture content and density, and grain size distribution. Tire physical properties are compa-
rable to polyethylene used as a raw material for Geocell technology and is supported in this
research through tensile tests and Tire-derived Geocell used in a model embankment. A sig-
nificant difference can be observed in the experimental results illustrating comparative load-
deformation curves of unreinforced and reinforced soil. From the series of model embank-
ment tests, Tire-derived Geocell reinforcement was found to be efficient as a soil Cellular Con-
finement Systems (CCS).

ODOR BASED ELECTRONIC DIAPER MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE ELDERLY
AND PARALYZED
Nesreen Joaquin, Rhemo Anthony Poblete, April Van Alelu M. Georfo
Email: 201130712@my.xu.edu.ph
Johnson Carl Chan

Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Utilizing of adult diapers as the common and most convenient way of allowing an elderly or a
paralyzed patient to excrete or urinate without needing to go to the toilet seat.This does not
benefit the caregiver aiding the patient alone, but also benefits the patients from the hassle of
going to the restroom. However, the changing of dirty diapers can hassle the patient and care-
taker. An elderly patient can be easily irritated when disturbed, a paralyzed patient may cause
double workload on the caretaker since the patient lacks the ability to move himself alone,
and the caretaker may find it difficult to determine the status of the patients diaper. Thus,
there is still limitations on the advantages of wearing these adult diapers. The project aims to
give a solution to this situation by using an MQ135 gas sensor interfaced to the Arduino mi-
crocontroller and GSM shield. An MQ135 is known for detecting substances such as ammonia,
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and benzene. Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide are known to
be the most prominent odoriferous compound present in the human stool and accountable
for its characteristic odor. Hence, enabling the MQ135 gas sensor in detecting the human
waste produced in the patients diaper. The MQ135 gas sensor will be detecting the presence
of stool and urine inside the patients adult diaper, when the sensor is triggered due to the
sensitivity of the ammonia interfaced on the Arduino microcontroller, a notification/text mes-
sage will be sent to the caretaker indicating the need for changing the patients diaper.

Performance Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Conventional RC Beam
and EPS Concrete-Filled U-Shaped
Ferrocement Composite Beam
Aljun Caminero, Adonnes Manlunas, King Prejan,
Abdul Rhaman Tampi, Art Valmoria
Email: adonnes.manlunas@yahoo.com
Jose Lorenzo D. Bucton and Joel Camilo M. Haos

Faculty advisers
ABSTRACT
The Research focuses on the fundamental structural member in a building structure called
beam. Due to ever increasing population growth, the demand of cement, steel, gravel and
lumber for the production of conventional reinforced concrete rises which significantly con-
tributes to carbon emissions that leads to the degradation of the environment. Expanded pol-
ystyrene (EPS) which serves as packaging materialis also a common pollution material which
is widespread in the world.In this study, an alternative reinforced concrete beam which con-
sists of ferrocement formand EPS concrete core is proposed. A ferrocement U-form rein-
forced with six (6) layers of woven wire mesh is prefabricated to substitute the need of wood-
en forms for cost and time efficiency. EPS beads are introduced in reinforced concrete as
lightweight aggregates to minimize the dead loads applied to the building system which leads
to cost and structural efficiency. The main objective of this study is to conduct a theoretical
and experimental analysis on the shear and flexural capacity of the ferrocement U-form filled
with EPS concrete beam. Six (6) long beams with a length of two (2) meters were fabricated
for flexural test and also six (6) short beams with a length of five hundred (500) millimeters
for shear test were fabricated. The breadth and depth of the beam are 200 millimeters and
300 millimeters respectively. All beams are subjected under four-point load test through
manual hydraulic jack. The study concludes that in terms of flexural capacity, the proposed
beam showed the same strength with the conventional reinforced concrete beam but weaker
in terms of shear capacity.

RIV ERGONOMIC DESIGNED UNLOADING AGENT
April Me-an P. Ibaez, Samantha M. Racho, June Clarisse C. Villapaz


Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
Improper manual means of material handling such as repetitive lifting, bending and unneces-
sary movements are primary causes for the development of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)
among delivery workers. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than one million
(1,000,000) workers suffer back injuries each year and account for one (1) of every five (5)
workplace injuries or illnesses. Common MSDs such as fractures, back pain and minor injuries
causes a decrease in the work efficiency distribution, therefore increasing the cost for work-
ers compensation. Workforce health and safety is paramount and the data clearly shows that
repetitive lifting, lowering, and moving costs businesses millions of pesos each year. With this
existing problem, the RIVED Unloading Agent is developed with the hope of eliminating the
high risk being imposed to delivery workers and thus contributing to reduce the cost for com-
pensation incurred by companies. The device is made foldable and durable to ensure quality.
Also, its manoeuvrability and capacity allows the device to easily pick and unload heavy ob-
jects such as a beverage case.

AN ERGONOMIC INNOVATION OF THE CURRENT GROCERY CART
Axel Jereco O. Cabral, Emilie R. Ruiz, Melrose C. Talimio


Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the project is to redesign and innovate the shopping cart in order to improve
the shopping experience of customers during grocery shopping. The study has identified the
main problems encountered by shopping cart users: 1) The existing design of the shopping
cart does not have proper compartments to segregate the products which is unsanitary; 2)
The shopping cart is difficult to steer and maneuver which causes collision with other grocery
shoppers; 3) The current capacity of the cart is limited which makes the shopper bring more
than one cart; 4) The cart requires the user to bend and reach for products one by one from
the cart to the cashier counter which is time and energy inefficient. In order to address the
inconveniency of the shopping cart, several tools were used to come up with the improved
design of the cart like manual material handling analysis particularly the Rapid Upper Limb
Assessment (RULA) to determine the factors that violate the principles of Ergonomics; and
benchmarking to determine the target specifications of the ErgoCart. The study also includes
the organizational, marketing, financial, and production plan of the company in order to fully
understand the flow of the business; to ensure that all components of the business will func-
tion according to their purpose; and to identify what strategies to take for the success of the
business.

ERGONOMIC LOAD CARRIER
Hana Belle Baldoman, Roy Jhun M. Dagondon, Dorothy Gail F. Roa


Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to manufacture and sell Ergonomic Load Carrier in line with an
effective business model to be use by the HDR Manufacturing Company in which it includes
the canvassing and buying for startup of a manufacturing enterprise such as land, building,
equipment and raw materials. To be followed by the hiring of qualified employees and estab-
lishing strong marketing strategies such as direct selling, forming of partnerships with con-
structions firm and other companies concerning intensive labor industry. Manual labour may
risk the workers occupational health and safety. So, the researchers planned recommend a
product that will minimize the musculoskeletal disorders for people who does manual la-
bours, specifically, people who push/lift heavy loads on a daily basis in their respective work-
ing hours.

EFFECT OF VARYING LIGHT SOURCE AND GROWTH MEDIUM ON THE
CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS IN AIRLIFT PHOTOBIOREACTOR
Ma. Nor Austein E. Cainoy, Marietta C. Limo, Stephannie Roxane E. Surahan
Email: Surahansteph@gmail.com
Christylene S. Balagtas
Faculty adviser
ABSTRACT
Global energy crisis and increased greenhouse gas emissions have driven the search for alter-
native and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. With the emphasis shifting to-
wards the development of advanced biofuels, microalgae, a fast-growing unicellular or simple
multicellular microorganisms, have received considerable interest as a suitable feedstock for
biodiesel production due to their advantages related to higher growth rates, higher photosyn-
thetic efficiency and higher biomass production, compared to other terrestrial energy crops.
This study generally focuses on the investigation of the algal biomass productivity of Chlorella
vulgaris microalgae, with the main goal of mass production in continuous cultivation, with re-
plenishment of the growth medium. The cultivation of C. vulgaris was carried out in continu-
ous illumination under natural daylight and 20-W fluorescent lamps in airlift photobioreactor,
for a maximum period of 15 days. 30% v/v of Stale Human Urine (SHU) and enriched with
3000 mg/L Urea was used as nutrient sources for the continuous algal cultivation with contin-
uous aeration. In the process of experimentation, directly using a concentration of 30% v/v of
SHU as growth medium does not exhibit any sign of algal growth. Thus, the concentration of
SHU is acclimatized by employing lower concentrations starting at 5%, followed by 10% and
lastly 15% v/v of SHU in the algal cultivation. The growth of C. vulgaris is demonstrated by es-
tablishing the growth curve showing the different growth phases of microalgae. The stale hu-
man urine used in the study initially contains 666 mg/L (34) Nitrogen, 5.89 mg/L (0.05)
Phosphorus and 20.2 mg/L (0.1) Potassium. The amount of toxic compounds such as salt and
ammonia/ammonium present in stale human urine are found to be 2466 mg/L (42.20 mmol/
L) and 585 mg N /L (25) respectively and are significantly lower than the typical inhibitory
level of toxic compounds.

ZING!: AN INTEGRATED MOBILE SHOPPING ASSISSTANCE AND POINT-OF SALE
SYSTEM
Shaira Ibaez, Angel Eunice Lanzaderas, Hannah Marie Macarayo


Faculty Adviser
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to provide a business model for Zing! Company, provider of an integrated in-
store shopping assistance and Point-of-Sale System. The system aims to address problems of
in-store grocery shopping by integrating shopping related features such product location,
product search, product availability, and other product information.
The company will develop a system template, inclusive of thee mobile application and
the point-of-sale system which will be sold to retail and wholesale grocery establishments in
Cagayan de Oro. With the integrated system, check-out and inventory is made easier and
more efficient with the mobile assistants virtual cart synced into the Point of Sale (POS) sys-
tem of the establishment upon check-out. The POS system is capable of real-time inventory
updates and stock levels which can be monitored by both the management and seen by cus-
tomers through the availability feature of the mobile application. It seeks to improve efficien-
cy on t=both the customer and the establishment, as well as reduce costs in the long run for
the establishment.
The implementation of this system will provide for a more efficient grocery operations
benefitting both the customers and the investing establishments. Other developments and
features could also be explored for future expansion of the business to avoid market satura-
tion, given the adaptability of technology nowadays.

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The Final Year Project Journal 2016 is a publication of the College of Engineering, Xavier University Ateneo

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