Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API

January 2014
Supports TWS API Release 9.69

2014 Interactive Brokers LLC. All rights reserved.

Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun Logo and Java are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Excel,
Windows and Visual Basic (VB) are trademarks or registered trademarks of the
Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or in other countries. TWS Javahelp
version 013, March 25, 2008.

Any symbols displayed within these pages are for illustrative purposes only, and are not
intended to portray any recommendation.
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................... 7

How to Use this Book .........................................................................................8

Organization ................................................................................................8
Part 1: Introduction to this Guide ............................................................8
Part 2: Introducing the DDE for Excel API .................................................8
Part 3: Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API ..........................................8
Part 4: Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet ........................8
Part 5: Where to Go from Here................................................................9
Footnotes and References ..............................................................................9
Icons ........................................................................................................ 10
Document Conventions................................................................................ 11

2 TWS and the DDE for Excel API ................................................ 13

Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?............................................................. 14

What Can You Do with TWS? ........................................................................ 16
A Quick Look at TWS ................................................................................... 16
The TWS Quote Monitor ....................................................................... 16
The Order Ticket ................................................................................. 16
Real-Time Account Monitoring ............................................................... 17
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?................................................................. 18
TWS and the API ........................................................................................ 18
Available API Technologies ........................................................................... 19
An Example ............................................................................................... 19
Another Example ........................................................................................ 19
Why Use the DDE for Excel API? ................................................................... 21

3 Preparing to Use the DDE for

Excel API........................................................................................ 23

Chapter 3 - Download the API Software .............................................................. 24

Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API......................................................... 28
Log Into TWS ............................................................................................. 28
About Logging In................................................................................. 28

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API i

 Contents

Enable the API Connection through TWS ........................................................ 30

Chapter 5 - Using the Sample DDE for Excel API Application .................................. 31

4 Getting to Know the

DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet ...................................................... 33

Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages ............................................................. 34

The Pages.................................................................................................. 35
Common Action Buttons .............................................................................. 37
Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page............................................................................. 38
Define a Ticker ........................................................................................... 39
Request Market Data................................................................................... 40
Create a Group Combination Strategy............................................................ 40
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page ..................................................................... 41
Add Your Tickers to the Basic Orders Page ..................................................... 42
Create an Order ......................................................................................... 42
Order Types ....................................................................................... 43
Order Status Fields ..................................................................................... 44
Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page .................................................. 45
An Example ............................................................................................... 46
Extended Order Attributes............................................................................ 46
Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page ............................................................ 48
Set Up a Conditional Order........................................................................... 49
Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page ............................................................. 51
Add Your Tickers to the Advanced Orders Page ............................................... 52
Create a Trailing Stop Limit Order ................................................................. 52
Create a Bracket Order ................................................................................ 54
The Transmit and Parent Order ID Extended Order Attributes .................... 54
Creating the Bracket Order ................................................................... 54
Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page ................................................................... 57
How Do I Subscribe? ................................................................................... 58
Clearing Open Orders .................................................................................. 58
Named Ranges for Results ........................................................................... 58
View the VB Code ................................................................................ 58
What Happens If an Open Order Executes? .................................................... 59
Chapter 13 - The Executions Page...................................................................... 60
How Do I Subscribe to Executions? ............................................................... 61

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API ii

 Contents

Clearing Executions..................................................................................... 61
Named Ranges for Results ........................................................................... 61
View the VB Code ................................................................................ 61
The Executions Reporting Page ..................................................................... 63
Chapter 14 - The Account Page.......................................................................... 64
How Do I Subscribe to Account Updates? ....................................................... 65
Clearing Account Values .............................................................................. 65
Named Ranges for Results ........................................................................... 65
View the VB Code ................................................................................ 65
Chapter 15 - The Portfolio Page ......................................................................... 67
Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page ................................................................ 68
How Do I Request Historical Data? ................................................................ 69
Historical Data Parameters ........................................................................... 69
Canceling Historical Data Requests................................................................ 72
Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page ............................................................... 73
How Do I Subscribe to a Market Scanner? ...................................................... 74
Elements of a Market Data Scan ................................................................... 74
Available Market Scanners ........................................................................... 76
Viewing Market Scanner Results ................................................................... 80
Deleting Market Scanner Results................................................................... 80
Canceling a Scanner Subscription.................................................................. 80
Chapter 18 - The Contract Details and Bond Contract Details Pages ........................ 81
Contract Details Page .................................................................................. 81
Expired Options .................................................................................. 82
Bond Contract Details Page .......................................................................... 82
Using Contract Details on Other Pages ........................................................... 83
Chapter 19 - The Market Depth Page .................................................................. 84
Canceling a Market Depth Request ................................................................ 84
Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page ......................................................................... 85
Setting Up Orders for an Advisor .................................................................. 86
Allocate All Shares to a Single Account .......................................................... 87
Account Groups: There really IS a method .................................................. 88
The Allocation Profile Unmasked ................................................................... 89
Advisor Fields............................................................................................. 90
Chapter 21 - The Old Style Executions and Account-Portfolio Pages ........................ 92
Old Style Executions ................................................................................... 92

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API iii
 Contents

Old Style Account-Portfolio........................................................................... 92

In Summary ............................................................................................ 92

5 Where to Go from Here............................................................. 93

Chapter 22 - Additional Resources ..................................................................... 94

Help with Visual Basic for Applications Programming........................................ 94
Help with the TWS API ................................................................................ 94
The API Reference Guide ..................................................................... 94
The API Beta and API Production Release Notes....................................... 95
The API Highlights ............................................................................... 95
The TWS API Tour ............................................................................... 95
The TWS API Webinars......................................................................... 95
API Customer Forums .......................................................................... 96
IB Customer Service ............................................................................ 96
IB Features Poll................................................................................... 96

A Appendix A - Extended Order Attributes................................... 97

B Appendix B - Account Page Values ......................................... 101

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API iv

Introduction
1
You might be looking at this book for any number of reasons, including:

You love IBs TWS, and are interested in seeing how using its API can enhance your
trading.
You use another online trading application that doesnt provide the functionality of TWS,
and you want to find out more about TWS and its API capabilities.

Or maybe you have a reason of your own. However you traveled this happy path, you now
hold in your hands a unique and potentially priceless tome of information. Well, maybe thats
a tiny bit of an exaggeration. The information in this book will, however, show you how to use
the trading functionality of IBs Trader Workstation and its API. Keep reading to find out how
easy it can be to augment and enhance your trading via the TWS API.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 7

 Introduction
How to Use this Book

How to Use this Book

Before you get started, you should read this section to learn how this book is organized, and
see which graphical conventions are used throughout.

This book is designed as a reference book, not a lesson-by-lesson textbook, so feel free to skip
around and read what interests you at the time. That being said, youll see that the Pages
chapters in section III are ordered as the pages appear on the Excel spreadsheet, but thats
just to make it easier for you (and us!) to follow.

To get the most of out of this guide, you should have at least basic PC skills as well as some
basic familiarity with Microsoft Excel.

Throughout this book, we use the acronym TWS in place of Trader

Workstation. So when you see TWS anywhere, youll know were
talking about Trader Workstation.

Organization
Weve divided this book into five major sections, each of which comprises a number of smaller
subsections, and each of those have even smaller groupings of paragraphs and figureswell,
you get the picture. Heres how weve broken things down:

Part 1: Introduction to this Guide

This section serves as a brief introduction to the rest of the guide.

Part 2: Introducing the DDE for Excel API

The chapters in this section help you answer those important questions you need to ask before
you can proceed - questions like: What can TWS do for me? and Why would I use an API?
and If I WERE to use an API, what does the Excel platform have to offer me? and even
What other API choices do I have?

If you already know you want to learn about the TWS API, just skip on ahead.

Part 3: Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API

Section II walks you through the different things youll need to do before your API application
can effectively communicate with TWS. Well help you configure TWS, download the API
software, get the API sample spreadsheet up and running, and hopefully become more
comfortable saving and opening files.

Part 4: Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet

If trading really is your cup of tea, youll want to know all about this section. Well examine
each page of your new API spreadsheet, and discuss the cool things you can do with all of the
action buttons that we have thoughtfully included to help improve your efficiency.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 8

 Introduction
How to Use this Book

Part 5: Where to Go from Here

After filling your head with boatfuls of API knowledge, we wouldnt dream of sending you off
empty-handed! Part V tells you where to look to keep abreast of new API releases (which of
course means new features you can incorporate into your trading), how to navigate the
Interactive Brokers website to find support and information, where to find some helpful
resources outside the realm of IB support, (such as Visual Basic and other programming help),
and how to find answers to Excel-specific questions.

Footnotes and References

1
Any symbols displayed are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to portray a
recommendation.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 9

 Introduction
How to Use this Book

Icons
When you see this guy, you know that there is
something that relates specifically to TWS: a new
feature to watch for, or maybe something youre
familiar with in TWS and are looking for in the API.
TWS-Related

The Excel tips are specific to Microsoft Excel, and we

dont include too many of those, but when you see it
you should check it out - it may save you some time.

Excel Tip

This shows you where there is a particularly useful or

important point being made.

Important!

You may want to take a peek, but it isnt the end of the
world if you dont.

Take a Peek!

This icon denotes references outside of this book that

we think may help you with the current topic, including
links to the internet or IB site, or a book title.

Go Outside!

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 10

 Introduction
How to Use this Book

Document Conventions
Heres a list of document conventions used in the text throughout this book.

Convention Description Examples

Bold Indicates: On the Tickers page,

select a row by clicking the
menus row number in the far left
screens column

windows Press Ctrl+C to copy

dialogs
buttons
tabs
keys you press
names of classes
and methods
Italics Indicates: To access the users guide,
under the Software
commands in a menu, select Trader
menu Workstation, then click
Users Guide.
objects on the
screen, such as
text fields, check
boxes, and
drop-down lists

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 11

 Introduction
How to Use this Book

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 12

TWS and the DDE for Excel API
2
The best place to start is by getting an idea of what Trader Workstation (TWS), is all about. In
this section, first we'll describe TWS and some of its major features. Then we'll explain how
the API can be used to enhance and customize your trading environment. Finally, we'll give
you a summary of some of the things the DDE for Excel API, (versus our other API platforms),
can do for you!

Here's what you'll find in this section:

Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 13

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

Interactive Brokers' Trader Workstation, or TWS, is an online trading platform that lets you
trade and manage orders for all types of financial products (including stocks, bonds, options,
futures and Forex) on markets all over the world - all from your choice of two workspaces:

The Advanced Order Management workspace, which is a single spreadsheet-like screen.

Mosaic, a single, comprehensive and intuitive workspace which provides easy access to
Trader Workstations trading, order management and portfolio functionality.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 14

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

To get a little bit of a feel for TWS, go to the IB website and try TWS
demo application. Its functionality is slightly limited and it only supports a
small number of symbols, but you'll definitely get the idea. Once you
have an approved, funded account you'll also be able to use PaperTrader,
our simulated trading tool, with paper-money funding in the amount of
$1,000,000, which you can replenish at any time through TWS Account
Management.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 15

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

What Can You Do with TWS?

So, what can you do with TWS? For starters, you can:

Send and manage orders for all sorts of products (all from the same screen!);
Monitor the market through Level II, NYSE Deep Book and IB's Market Depth;
Keep a close eye on all aspects of your account and executions;
Use Technical, Fundamental and Price/Risk analytics tools to spot trends and analyze
market movement;
Completely customize your trading environment through your choice of modules,
features, tools, fonts and colors, and user-designed workspaces.

Basically, almost anything you can think of TWS can do - or will be able to do soon. We are
continually adding new features, and use the latest technology to make things faster, easier
and more efficient. As a matter of fact, it was this faith in technology's ability to improve a
trader's success in the markets (held by IB's founder and CEO Thomas Peterffy) that launched
this successful endeavor in the first place. Since the introduction of TWS in 1995, IB has
nurtured this relationship between technology and trading almost to the point of obsession!

A Quick Look at TWS

This section gives you a brief overview of the most important parts of TWS.

The TWS Quote Monitor

First is the basic TWS Quote Monitor. It's laid out like a spreadsheet with rows and columns.
To add tickers to a page, you just click in the Underlying column, type in an underlying symbol
and press Enter, and walk through the steps to select a product type and define the contract.
Voila! You now have a live market data line on your trading window. It might be for a stock,
option, futures or bond contract. You can add as many of these as you want, and you can
create another window, or trading page, and put some more on that page. You can have any
and all product types on a single page, maybe sorted by exchange, or you can have a page for
stocks, a page for options, etc. Once you get some market data lines on a trading page, you're
ready to send an order.

The Order Ticket

What? An order ticket? Sure, we have an order ticket if that's what you really want. But we
thought you might find it easier to simply click on the bid or ask price and have us create a
complete order line instantly, right in front of your eyes! Look it over, and if it's what you want
click a button to transmit the order. You can easily change any of the order parameters right
on the order line. Then just click the green Transmit guy to transmit your order! It's fast and
it's easy, and you can even customize this minimal two-click procedure (by creating hotkeys
and setting order defaults for example) so that you're creating and transmitting orders with
just ONE click of the mouse.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 16

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 1 - What is Trader Workstation?

Real-Time Account Monitoring

TWS also provides a host of real-time account and execution reporting tools. You can go to the
Account Window at any time to see your account balance, total available funds, net liquidation
and equity with loan value and more. You can also monitor this data directly from your trading
window using the Trader Dashboard, a monitoring tool you can configure to display the last
price for any contracts and account-related information directly on your trading window.

So - TWS is an all-inclusive, awesome powerful trading tool. You may be wondering, "Where
does an API fit in with this?" Read on to discover the answer to that question.

For more information on TWS, see the TWS Users' Guide on our
web site.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 17

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

OK! Now that you have a little bit more of a feel for TWS and what it can do, you can move on
to the amazing API. If you actually read that last chapter, you might be thinking to yourself
"Why would I want to use an API when TWS seems to do everything." Or you might be
thinking "Hm, I wonder if TWS can fill in the blank?" OK, if you're asking the first question,
we'll explain why you might find the API useful, and if you're asking the second, it's actually
the API that can fill in that blank.

TWS has the capability to do tons of different things, but it does them in a certain way, and
displays results in a certain way, and it's pretty likely that our development team, as fantastic
as they are, hasn't yet exhausted the number of features and way of implementing these
features that all of you collectively can come up with. So it's very likely that you, with your
unique way of thinking, will be or have been inspired by the power of TWS to say something
like "Holy moly, I can't believe I can really do all of this with TWS! Now if I could only just fill
in the blank, my life would be complete!"

That's where the API comes in. Now, you can fill in the blank! It's going to take a little work
to get there, but once you see how cool it is to be able to access functionality from one
application from another, completely unrelated one, you'll be hooked.

TWS and the API

In addition to allowing you pretty much free reign to create new things and piece together
existing things in new ways, the API is also a great way to automate your tasks. You use the
API to harness the power behind TWS - in different ways.

Here's an analogy that might help you understand the relationship between TWS and the API.
Start by imagining TWS as a book (since TWS is constantly being enhanced, our analogy
imagines a static snapshot of TWS at a specific point in time). It's the reference book you were
looking for, filled with interesting and useful information, a book with a beginning, middle and
end, which follows a certain train of logic. You could skip certain chapters, read Chapter 10
first and Chapter 2 last, but it's still a book. Now imagine, in comparison, that the API is the
word processing program in which the book was created with the text of the book right there.
This allows you access to everything in the book, and most importantly, it lets you continually
change and update material, and automate any tasks that you'd have to perform manually
using just a book, like finding an index reference or going to a specific page from the table of
contents.

The API works in conjunction with TWS and with the processing functions that run behind
TWS, including IB's SmartRouting, high-speed order transmission and execution, support for
over 40 orders types, etc. TWS accesses this functionality in a certain way, and you can design
your API to take advantage of it in other ways.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 18

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

Available API Technologies

IB provides a suite of custom APIs in multiple programming languages, all to the same end.
These include Java, C++, Active X for Visual Basic and .NET, ActiveX for Excel, DDE for Excel
(Visual Basic for Applications, of VBA), CSharp and POSIX. This book focuses specifically on
just one, the Java version. Why would you use Java over the other API technologies? The main
reason might be that you are a Java expert. If you don't know Java or any other programming
language, you should take a look at the Excel/DDE API, which has a much smaller learning
curve. But if you know Java, this platform offers more flexibility than the DDE for Excel, is
supported on Windows, MAC, and Unix/Linux (the DDE is only supported in Windows), and
provides very high performance.

For more information about our APIs, see the Trading Technology >
API Solutions page on our web site.

An Example
It's always easier to understand something when you have a real life example to contemplate.
Following is a simple situation in which the API could be used to create a custom result.

TWS provides an optional field that shows you your position-specific P&L for the day, as either
a percentage or an absolute value. Suppose you want to modify your position based on your
P&L value? At this writing, the only way to do this would be to watch the market data line to
see if the P&L changed, and then manually create and transmit an order if you happened to
catch the value at the right point. Now, enter the API! You can instruct the API to
automatically trigger an order with specific parameters (such as limit price and quantity) when
the P&L hits a certain point. That's power! (See Chapter 20 for details on how to actually
implement this feature).

Another Example
Another nice benefit of the API is that it gives you the ability to use the data in TWS in
different ways. TWS provides an extensive Account Information window that's chock-full of
everything you'll ever want to know about your account status. The thing is, it's only displayed
in a TWS window, like the one below.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 19

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

But, what if you wanted to do something else with this information, like have it reflected in
some kind of spreadsheet where you log information for all accounts that you own, including
your checking account, Interactive Brokers' account, 401K, ROIs, etc? Again - enter the API!

You can instruct the API to get any specific account or execution information and put it
wherever it belongs in a spreadsheet. The information is linked to TWS, so it's easy to keep
the information updated by simply linking to a running version of TWS. With a little
experimenting and some help from the TWS Users' Guide, you'll be slinging data like a
short-order API chef in no time!

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 20

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

Why Use the DDE for Excel API?

IB's API is supported in multiple programming languages including: Java, C++, and Active X,
and VBA for Excel. This book focuses specifically on just one, the Excel version. Why would
you use Excel with the API?

Here are some of the strongest arguments in support of using the DDE for Excel API, at least
to start:

Its interface is familiar and inspires confidence!

Since this API uses Microsoft Excel as its development environment, most users already
have at least a basic familiarity with its functionality. You may not know exactly how to
write Visual Basic for Applications code, but you can see values in a cell, and with a little
coaching will be able to view the sample code behind the stuff we give you and learn
from that.
It comes with a fantastic sample program that can and should be used as a starting
point for anything else you want to do.
The Excel sample application provides a series of worksheet pages populated with
sample data, each geared toward helping you implement some specific action, like
getting market data, sending orders or viewing execution reports.
The learning curve is small and the time to development is fast. You're not going to
need a programming course before you get started here. If you have some basic PC
skills and a good idea of what you want to do, you could create and implement an API
interface in a matter of days. In general, the time it will take you to implement your
new API is minimal compared to our other API technologies.

In order to use the API, you need to have TWS running, and must include
your login name on each function page of the Excel spreadsheet.

There are a few other things you must do before the DDE for Excel API will run. The next
chapter gets you geared up and ready to go.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 21

 TWS and the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 2 - Why Would I Use an API?

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 22

Preparing to Use the DDE for
3
Excel API

Although the API provides great flexibility in implementing your automated trading ideas, all of
its functionality runs through the Trader Workstation. This means that you must have a TWS
account with IB, and that you must have your TWS running in order for the API to work. This
section takes you through the minor prep work you need to complete, step by step.

Here's what you'll find in this section:

Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API
Chapter 5 - Using the Sample DDE for Excel API Application

The TWS DDE for Excel API runs ONLY on the Windows platform. It
does not run on Mac or Unix platforms.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 23

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

If you don't have an account with IB, you can run a lot of the following tasks using the Demo
TWS system. It will have some limitations, but you'll get a feel for things. If you have an
account, we recommend opening a PaperTrader version, which simulates the TWS trading
environment, and gives you $100,000 in phantom cash to trade with.

Next, you need to download the API software from the IB website.

Step 1: Download the API software.

This step takes you out to the IB website at

https://individuals.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=1325. The menus are along the
top of the homepage. Hold your mouse pointer over the Trading Technology menu, then click
API Solutions.

On the API Solutions page, click the more info button next to IB API.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 24

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

On the next page that appears, click the API Software button.

Click the I Agree button on the license agreement page to open the API software download
page.

This displays the IB API page which shows a table with buttons that initiate the API software
download process for Windows, MAC or Unix platforms. When available, there will also be a
Windows Beta version of the software. Find the OS you need, then click the button to
download the API installation program.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 25

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

For this book, we assume that you are using Windows. If you're
using a different operating system (Mac, Unix), be sure to adjust
the instructions accordingly!

In the Windows column, click the IB API for Windows button. This opens a File Download
box, where you can decide whether to save the installation file, or open it. We recommend you
choose Save and then select a place where you can easily find it, like your desktop (you
choose the path in the Save in field at the top of the Save As box that opens up). Once you've
selected a good place to put it, click the Save button. It takes seconds to download the
executable file. Note that the API installation file is named for the API version; for example,
TWS API Install 9.69.01.msi.

We'll usually be stressing just the opposite, but at this point, you
need to make sure TWS is not running. If it is, you won't be able to
install the API software.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 26

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 3 - Download the API Software

Step 2: Install the API software.

Next, go to the place where you saved the file (for example, your desktop or some other
location on your computer), and double-click the API software installation file icon. This starts
the installation wizard, a simple process that displays a series of dialogs with questions that
you must answer.

Once you have completed the installation wizard, the sample application installs, and you're
ready to open the Excel sample spreadsheet, connect to TWS, and get started using the DDE
for Excel API!

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 27

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API

Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API

Enabling TWS to support the API is probably the simplest step you'll encounter in this book.
It's probably more difficult to remember to log into TWS before you run the API!

Log Into TWS

OK, first let's get TWS started. Log into your account, or even better, log into your
PaperTrader account. If you don't yet have a paper trading account, go to the IB website and
look at the PaperTrader page under the software menu. The PaperTrader account gives you
access to everything you can get through your regular account, but you use phantom money
to trade, instead of your hard-earned real money.

About Logging In

Logging into TWS is easy. You can run the TWS from your Internet browser (which is the
recommended method), or download the software to your PC and launch it directly from your
desktop as a standalone application.

The browser-based version:

Allows you to access your account and execute trades from any Java-enabled internet
browser.
Is always running the latest release.
Allows you to save your settings from your primary machine to a server so that your
TWS will look exactly the same regardless of what Internet machine you use to log in.

The standalone version uses less memory and may run faster, but requires you to
download each release to take advantage of new features. To download to your
PC, see the Installation Instructions on the website.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 28

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API

To log into TWS:

1 From the Login menu on our website, select Trader Workstation Latest from the
drop-down list. You can also log into the previous version of TWS and the current TWS
Beta version.

2 In the Login box, enter your username and password, and click Login.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 29

 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 4 - Enable TWS to Support the API

Login Box Options:

The color palette allows you to choose a new color skin for TWS. If you select a palette
and want to change it once you have logged in, use the Display> Style page in Global
Configuration.
Settings Directory - By default, TWS files are saved in C:\Jts. If you would like to
change the location of your settings files, use the Browse button to specify a new
directory.
Use/store settings on server - This option allows you to save your settings, including
market data, pages etc., on our server instead of on your local machine. If checked,
your workstation will have the same data and look regardless of your login location. If
unchecked, settings are only saved on the computer you are currently using.
Use SSL - Your identity and trading information are always protected. Checking the Use
SSL option gives added privacy and integrity to your order information as it travels over
the Internet. Minor performance impacts may be experienced depending on the
capabilities of your PC.
Click Show all fields to select a different language for TWS and to have the system
migrate settings that you may have saved under a different user name.
Mouse-driven login - Click the Keyboard icon in the title bar to enter your username and
password using the mouse instead of your computer keyboard. Use the mouse to click
the appropriate keys on the clickable keyboard display.

Enable the API Connection through TWS

To run the API through TWS, you must always have your system running and it must be
configured to use any of the API components.

To enable API connection through TWS

1 On the Edit menu in TWS, select Global Configuration. Then select API in the left pane,
then click Settings.

2 In the right pane, click the check box for Enable DDE Clients. You must have this setting
enabled to connect to the API through TWS.

3 You also need to ensure that you have Microsoft Excel installed on your computer. If you
don't have it, go to the Microsoft website to order it. If you're using Word or have MS
Office installed, you probably already have it..

Youre all set and you can now connect the Excel sample spreadsheet to TWS and start
learning about all the great features supported by the DDE for Excel API!

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 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 5 - Using the Sample DDE for Excel API Application

Chapter 5 - Using the Sample DDE for Excel API

Application
OK, you've got all the pieces in place. By the end of this chapter, you'll actually be inside the
sample API application, all ready to start receiving market data, create and transmit orders,
and do lots of other cool stuff. The sample application is actually a complete application on its
own, and provides everything you need to get started and more. As a matter of fact, your best
bet is to use this file as the starting point in creating your own DDE for Excel API. We'll show
you how to do that after we get you inside.

This next section shows you where to go to open the sample application and hook up the
pages to TWS. Be patient with this prep work. Before you know it, you'll be in Chapter 6,
where you'll finally get to use the spreadsheet pages in the DDE for Excel API application.

Step 1: Open the application and enable macros.

At this point, you should have TWS up and running. Now use your Windows explorer to find
the Excel file. If you didn't change the Save location, you'll most likely find your application,
which is called TwsDde.xls, under My Computer in C:\TWS API
X.XX\samples\Excel\TwsDde.xls, where X.XX is the API version number. Double-click this file
icon, and when you see a message about macros, be sure you click the button that says
Enable Macros. If you don't enable the macros, the sample application will be useless to you!

Step 2: Connect each page to TWS.

The first page you'll see is the Tickers page. At the top, you'll see a dark blue section header
that says Toolbar. This gives you all the action buttons you'll need to use the features on the
page. But for now, you need to focus on the next section, or the blue header that says "Which
Trader Workstation." This section has an editable field titled "User Name." This important field
is the place that will connect you to TWS when you enter the username of the workstation
you're running. If you enter the wrong username, or forget to enter anything, you won't get
connected and nothing will work!

So, enter your login Username (not your password, just your username). Since you'll have to
enter this username on most of the other pages too, we recommend taking a few minutes to
copy the name from this field, use the tabs at the bottom of the worksheet to move from page
to page, and paste your username in each occurrence of the User Name field.

Step 4: Save the Excel spreadsheet with another name.

We mentioned earlier that this sample spreadsheet provides the perfect starting point for
developing your own DDE for Excel API. Since you have so much in here to work with, we
think it makes sense to save this sample spreadsheet with a new name so that it becomes
your own file.

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 Preparing to Use the DDE for Excel API
Chapter 5 - Using the Sample DDE for Excel API Application

If you were to keep the existing name in the current folder, the
next time you downloaded a new version everything you'd done
would be deleted and replaced with latest software. Giving it a new
name allows you to keep all of your changes intact.

You've done it! You've enabled TWS, downloaded and installed the software, and opened the
Excel sample application. Let's move on to Chapter 6, and start having some fun!

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 32

Getting to Know the
4
DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet

By now you should have the "working" version of the Excel sample spreadsheet up and
running. Now comes the fun part - becoming familiar with all the cool features. The sample
pages give you lots of functionality without making you figure out how to implement it. More
importantly, you can look at the underlying Visual Basic code to see how it was done, and use
some of it to get starting implementing new creative features of your own!

Here's what you'll find in this section:

Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page
Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page
Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page
Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page
Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page
Chapter 13 - The Executions Page
Chapter 14 - The Account Page
Chapter 15 - The Portfolio Page
Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page
Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page
Chapter 18 - The Contract Details and Bond Contract Details Pages
Chapter 19 - The Market Depth Page
Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page
Chapter 21 - The Old Style Executions and Account-Portfolio Pages

The TWS DDE for Excel API runs ONLY on the Windows platform. It does not run on
Mac or Unix platforms.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

When you first open the sample spreadsheet, you'll find that our development team has
included data on many of the pages to help you better understand how they work. You can use
or delete the data as you want, and add your own. Here's what you see when you first open
the spreadsheet:

You can see examples on the Tickers page of how to create tickers for stocks, options, futures,
future options, indexes, currency and combination lines. In the next chapter, "The Tickers
Page," we'll show you how to set up your own ticker lines and request market data.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

The Pages
When you open the spreadsheet, you'll see a row of tabs along the bottom of the worksheet.
Each of these tabs opens a page, and each page is dedicated to a specific function or subset of
functions. Many of the titles are self-explanatory, but we've summarized them all in the
following table.

DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet Pages

Page Description
Tickers Set up ticker lines and create links to
real-time market data.
Basic Orders Send, manage, edit and cancel basic
orders.
Extended Order Includes all optional order attributes,
Attributes such as a good til date time in force,
hidden and discretionary orders, volatility
orders and others. Apply them to specific
orders as a template or use as a default
by all orders.
Conditional Orders Similar to the orders page, but also
includes a section for conditional
statements which allows you to create
orders that are dependent on something
else, such as the execution of another
order or a change in price.
Advanced Orders Send, manage, edit and cancel advanced
orders. These are orders that require the
use of extended order attributes.
Open Orders Subscribe to all open orders, whether you
created them via the API or TWS.
Executions Displays all of your order executions.
Executions Reporting Specify execution report criteria and
display only those execution reports that
meet your criteria.
Account Displays all account information in
real-time, including equity with loan
value, available funds, and your current
portfolio value.
Portfolio Displays positions for all asset types
using an array query (or, a subscription!).
Historical Data Displays historical data for an instrument.
Market Scanner Scans the desired markets to find
instruments that meet your criteria and
displays the results on a separate page in
descending order. The data continuously
updates in real time.
Contract Details This is sort of a research page where you
can request information on a specific
instrument, like the Contract ID, the
support order types on specific markets,
the minimum ticks and the trading class.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet Pages

Page Description
Bond Contract Details Similar to the contract details page, but
focuses specifically on bond details, like
the CUSIP, maturity, interest rate and
bond ratings.
Market Depth Displays a list of alternative bids and
offers away from the inside quote, to help
you better gauge market liquidity.
Advisors Send, manage, edit and cancel Financial
Advisor orders.
Old Style Executions This is the old Executions page, which is
no longer used. It has have been left
intact to allow those with code connecting
to these pages to revise it and work off
the newer pages without losing
functionality. We dont recommend using
this page to start new projects!
Old Style This is the old Account-Portfolio page,
Account-Portfolio which is no longer used. It has have been
left intact to allow those with code
connecting to these pages to revise it and
work off the newer pages without losing
functionality. We dont recommend using
this page to start new projects!

Each page includes a row of action buttons at the top. Clicking

these buttons tells Excel to run a "macro," which is basically a piece
of Visual Basic code designed to make something specific happen in
your spreadsheet, like populating your ticker line with live market
data. In Section IV, "Creating Your Own API Application", we'll
show you how to create and use this code to completely customize your
application!

The functionality on these pages is linked to TWS. That's why you need to be sure that TWS is
running and that you have entered your username on any page with a Which Trader
Workstation? field at the top left.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 6 - Introducing the Excel Pages

Common Action Buttons

Although each page is geared toward accomplishing a different set of tasks, they all contain
some common elements, including some of the same action buttons. The table below
describes these common buttons.

Button Description
Combo Legs Allows you to identify individual legs to be sent as a
combination order.
Set Refresh Rate The Refresh Rate value is in milliseconds, and
determines how often the DDE link to TWS is
refreshed. The default refresh rate is 1000 (updates
every 1 second), and the allowed range is 100 to
2000, inclusive.
Note that the TWS market data updates every 300
milliseconds. This means the default "every 1 second"
rate will only show 30% of the ticks. A Refresh Rate of
250 will get every tick to the spreadsheet
Set Processing Set the TWS/DDE server message processing rate
Rate (also in milliseconds) to affect the speed at which DDE
will handle requests between the spreadsheet and
TWS. The allowed range is 100ms to 2000ms,
inclusive.
Show Bulletins Click this button to subscribe to IB News bulletins.
Once you have selected the data source subscription
(your username) you will see a red bulletin area at the
top of your page.
Set Log Level This specifies the level of log entry detail used when
processing API requests. Valid values include:
1 = SYSTEM
2 = ERROR
3 = WARNING
4 = INFORMATION
5 = DETAIL
Show Errors Jumps to the Error Code field and shows the Last Error.
Clear All Links Removes all links to TWS. Use this button to prepare
your spreadsheet for saving to disk.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page

Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page

The Tickers page happens to be the first page you see when you open the Excel sample
application. Again, remember that you MUST have TWS running, and you must enter your
TWS user name in the Which Trader Workstation? area before you'll be able to get data.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page

Define a Ticker
OK, the Tickers page is designed for two main tasks: first, to define tickers, and second, to get
market data for those tickers. To get started, we'll enter a ticker for a stock, and then request
market data. You can see that the TWS API development team has included a bunch of sample
rows to show you where to enter your information. We'll create a new blank row. When you
select any of these rows you need to select from the row number in the far left column.
Otherwise, you'll only be selecting a single field and many of the programmed actions won't
work. So, let's select any row by clicking the mouse on one of the row numbers, then use your
right-click button and select Insert. Voila, you have a new blank row!

OK, let's do it!

1 First, put your mouse in the Symbol field and enter an underlying symbol, for example
IBM1.

2 Tab over to the next column, Type, and enter Stk.

3 Since you want market data for a stock symbol, you don't need the next four columns
(Expiry, Strike, P/C and Multiplier) so tab past them and get to the Exchange field. This
field defines where the market data comes from. For example, enter NYSE.

The next field, Primary Exchange, is optional, and is used to help to identify the
product, especially in cases where the same symbol may be used on different
exchanges with different currencies, and you have used Smart as the exchange.

4 Now tab to the currency field and enter the currency in which the product trades (for
example, USD for US dollars). This field also helps define the correct symbol.

OK, now you need towait a sec. You're done! You've successfully entered a ticker line for a
stock product. Now, want to get some market data running against this ticker? OK, but before
you do this, you should know that you can also define tickers using the Ticker box, which pops
up when you click the Create Ticker button. Tab through these fields just as you did on the
page row, and click OK to put the ticker row on your screen.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 7 - The Tickers Page

Request Market Data

Now, on to the market data. This is even easier than creating the ticker. First, make sure that
you have TWS running, and make sure you have entered the appropriate user name in the
Which Trader Workstation? User Name field.

OK, are you ready? Let's begin.

1 Click on the row number in the farthest left column to select the entire row.

2 Now, move your mouse up to the top of the page and click the button that says
Request Market Data.

That's it. You should now be seeing a row of market data running across all of the black fields
that are applicable to the type of product you entered on the line. So in this case, you won't
see any data in the Implied vol or Delta fields, or any of the other fields that are used for other
asset types.

Want to do it again? Let's get data for all of the sample tickers included. If you click in the first
row and then click the Request Market Data button, each line will be filled in, and you will
be moved to the next line automatically. Keep clicking the button and soon you'll have data for
the whole page. That's all there is to it!

Create a Group Combination Strategy

Now, there's one other function this page allows. You can mark any of these ticker lines as
belonging to a group combination strategy.

Simply select a ticker line and then click the Combo Legs button that sits right in front of the
Request Market Data button. You'll get a little dialog box that helps you define the
characteristics of the leg, such as the ratio of this leg to the rest, the side (buy or sell), the
exchange, and whether the order will open or close a position.

After you have defined the parameters, click the Add button to see the leg in the Combination
Legs box. Then click OK to close the box, and the Combo Leg field on that ticker row will now
be populated to identify the ticker as part of a combination order.

We've now covered all of the Tickers page functionality. If you want to review the definitions
of the remaining common buttons, review the table earlier in this chapter. Otherwise, let's
proceed to creating orders from the Basic Orders page!

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page

Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page

In TWS, you view market data and send orders from the same page, but in the DDE for Excel
API you have a separate page for Basic Orders and Advanced Orders. The difference between
these order pages is that advanced orders require you to use extended order attributes. But
since we haven't talked about extended order attributes yet, you're not ready for advanced
orders. For now, click the Basic Orders tab on the bottom of the spreadsheet, and take a look.

You see a bunch of lines that look very similar to the ticker lines you entered on the Tickers
page. In fact, they are just like those entries. The difference is that with these ticker entries
you'll be submitting orders instead of viewing market data. Like most pages in the sample
spreadsheet, many of the rows are already populated to help you understand how the rows
and fields work. You might however, prefer to have these rows populated with the same
tickers you entered on the Tickers page, so that you can monitor prices and submit orders on
the same symbol from two different pages.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your
username in the User Name field!

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page

Add Your Tickers to the Basic Orders Page

To add your tickers from the Tickers page to the Basic Orders page, simply copy and paste
your ticker lines from one page to another.

1 On the Tickers page, select a row by clicking the row number in the far left column, then
right click and choose Copy. The selected row starts blinking away likes it's on a
marquee. For example, copy the IBM ticker line.

2 Now, come back to the Basic Orders page, select a blank row by clicking in the number
field of a blank row, right click and choose Paste.

Depending on which version of Excel you are using, you can also choose Insert Copied Cells to
paste the copied ticker row a blank row; this command automatically moves the other rows
down to make room for the new row.

You've just created a new potential order row. You can also enter a new ticker symbol
manually just as you did on the Tickers page.

Create an Order
Now you'll create an order for the IBM1 stock ticker, which you entered by copying and pasting
its ticker row onto the Basic Orders page.

1 First, click your mouse in the Action field (the first of the black fields) on the IBM1 ticker
line, and enter Buy or Sell.

2 Tab through the fields, and enter the order Quantity (let's use 100 for this example),
the Order Type (we'll use Limit - you can see a list of valid order types in a bulleted list
on the next page.

3 Since it's a limit order, you need to enter a limit price. Take a look at the IBM1 market
data and come up with a reasonable limit price. Note the Aux Price field. This is only
used for certain order types, such as relative orders, that need two prices. You don't
need to use it for a basic limit order.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page

Order Types

The order types currently supported through the DDE for Excel API are:

Limit (LMT)
Market (MKT)
Limit if Touched (LIT)
Market if Touched (MIT)
Market on Close (MOC)
Limit on Close (LOC)
Pegged to Market (PEGMKT)
Relative (REL)
Stop (STP)
Stop Limit (STPLMT)
Trailing Stop (TRAIL)
Trailing Stop Limit (TRAILLIMIT)
Volume-Weighted Average Price (VWAP)
Volatility orders (VOL)

We recommend you take a look at the Order Info section on the

Trading menu at
http://individuals.interactivebrokers.com/en/p.php?f=orderTypes&
o&ib_entity=lic.

Now you've entered all of the basic order information. If you transmitted your order right now,
it would be valid and a Day time in force would be used. However, you have much more
flexibility than that, if you care to explore it, with Extended Order Attributes. We'll go into
them in detail in Chapter 9 (and in Chapter 11 when we talk about those mysterious advanced
orders), since they have their own tab, but the DDE for Excel API makes these attributes
available on the Basic Orders page so that you can customize them order by order. Scroll past
the Order Status section and take a quick look at the attributes in the second black section.
Here's where you enter a good-till-cancelled time in force, or mark orders as part of an OCA
(one cancels all) group. You can skip ahead if you want to read about these now, or scroll back
and look at the beige Order Status section of the Basic Orders page.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 8 - The Basic Orders Page

Order Status Fields

The Order Status fields let you know what's happening with your order. If you want to see this
in action, change the limit order type to a market order, delete the limit price and send the
order. How do you do that? You may have already figured out that you simply select the order
line, make your changes and click the Place/Modify Order button. It may move too quickly
for you to see, but if you're lucky you'll see the Status field display Submitted then change to
Filled, and you'll note the Filled field go from 0 to 100. If you'd submitted a larger order that
didn't get completely filled, you'd have values in both the Filled and the Remaining fields. We
also show you the average price of the filled portion of the order, and the price of the last fill.

You can also modify and resubmit the order BEFORE it executes by selecting the order line,
making any changes (say you want to increase the quantity, or change the order type) and
then clicking the Place/Modify Order button again.

Once your order is filled, you can find more details on the Executions page, which we'll discuss
in Chapter 13. Now let's take a look at those totally cool Extended Order Attributes!

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page

Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page

These attributes are completely optional, but you'll find yourself perusing and using at least
some of them as you become more comfortable with the IB way of trading. Some of these
attributes are only applicable to Institutional traders and others only to advisors, and these
are well marked. If you click the Extended Order Attributes tab, you'll notice that this page
looks quite different from all of the other pages. It doesn't look like the normal data page,
instead it's a list with the attribute and some notes sandwiching the active Value field, where
you enter your input to control the attributes.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

The Extended Order Attributes page is a template. This means that any values you enter in the
fields on this page will apply to all orders you transmit UNLESS you specify a different attribute
value on that order line. Remember the last chapter, where you took a look at the second
black section of fields labeled Extended Order Attributes? That section of the Basic Orders
page lets you set attributes at the order level, versus the Extended Order Attributes page,
which applies attributes at a global level, affecting all orders.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page

There is one small catch to all of this template business, and that is the time in force. The time
in force field dictates which attributes will be applied to your order. If you leave the TIF value
blank on your order line all of the values that currently reside in the Extended Order Attributes
template will be applied to your order. If however you ENTER a time in force value, the EOAs
(you know, Extended Order Attributes) on the EOA page will no longer be used for that order,
which leaves every other EOA field blank. So, if you're thinking to yourself, "Self, I think I'll
enter a different time in force for this order, but use all of the other attributes from the EOA
page." well, let's just say you'd be kidding yourself!

An Example
Still don't understand? Let's look at something basic that will resonate with many traders, the
time in force value of DAY. A day order is familiar to us all, it's simply an order that will be
cancelled at the close of the day's market if it hasn't executed. If you notice on this Extended
Order Attributes page, the very first value at the top of the page is DAY, in the time in force
row. Now, if you create and transmit an order and don't enter any value in the Time in Force
field that appears on your order line, then your order by default is a DAY order, since it uses
whatever value is in this Extended Order Attributes template.

Now go back to that order on the Basic Orders page, but before you transmit it, scroll over to
the right and enter GTC (good till cancelled) in the Time in Force field. Now, for JUST THAT
ORDER, you have changed the time in force to good-till-cancelled, and the order will continue
to work, day after day, until it either executes or gets cancelled. On the other hand, if you
were to have entered GTC as the time in force on the Extended Order Attributes page, all of
your orders from that day forward would have the GTC time in force, 'till death do they part.
Remember that the template applies for all of the fields on this page, not just the time in
force.

Extended Order Attributes

As you can see in Appendix A, the API supports many optional order attributes.

We recommend you check the API Release Notes and API

Reference Guide at
http://individuals.interactivebrokers.com/en/p.php?f=programInt
erface&p=a&ib_entity=lic to keep abreast of new attributes as
they're added.

You can see that the attributes are labeled if they are specific to institutional or advisor
accounts. You enter the value you want to use in the white Value column, and that value will
be used for all orders unless you specify an order-level value (on the Basic Orders page) that
is different.

Now you've seen the Basic Orders page, where you create your basic orders, and the lovely
Extended Orders Attributes page, where you apply such characteristics as a new time in force,
a display size to create an iceberg order, a discretionary amount to give more leeway to your
limit orders, and even a checkbox to hide your entire order. You can do a lot of cool things
with these two pages, but the one thing you can't do is set up conditional orders, which are
described in the next chapter.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 9 - The Extended Order Attributes Page

We've provided a second orders page, the Advanced Orders page, where you can place orders
that require use of extended order attributes, but you won't learn about that page until
Chapter 11!

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page

Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page

A conditional order is one that relies on something else happening, either a price changing or
another order executing, before this order is submitted. Let's take a look at this useful and
outstanding order.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

In a nutshell, a conditional order is one that waits around, all set to go, for something
precipitous to happen that will trigger its coming to life. For example, you might want to
submit a sell order for 100 shares of XYZ, but you only want to do it if you're first able to buy
100 shares of LMNOP at some specific price. With the conditional order all set waiting in the
wings, you don't need to sit around watching and waiting to see if the first order executes. All
you need to do is set up a trigger condition and let it go.

Take a look at the paired set of sample orders that are included on the Conditional Orders
page in the sample spreadsheet.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page

The key field in a conditional order is field Y11, the Statement trigger field. Until some
condition is met, the value in this field is always FALSE. This means nothing will happen. When
your condition is met, this value becomes TRUE and that triggers your conditional order.

In the above illustration, note the value "FALSE" which appears in cell Y11, the trigger
Statement field. When you put your curser in this cell, the cell's condition trigger displays on
the formula line. In this case the condition says "=(M10=T10)," which in English means "the
value in this field will be TRUE when the value in cell M10 is equal to the value in cell T10."
Let's look closer and see what M10 and T10 really are. You see that cell M10 is the Quantity
field for the first order, and has a value of 10. Cell T10 is the Filled field for that order and
currently has no value. Since the filled field shows the filled order quantity, this means that
the second order will only trigger when the full quantity of the first order has executed.

To see this order in action, highlight the order on row 10 and click the Place/Modify Order
button. Since it's a market order it should execute quickly, so watch closely!

Set Up a Conditional Order

Now you'll set up a conditional order from scratch. Instead of submitting an order based on
another order's execution, let's set one up that is based on a price change. If you want this to
execute you'll have to do a little bit of research to find a price that is valid now, but let's walk
through a hypothetical example where we have the API submit an order if a price drops by a
certain amount. Let's say you want a conditional order that says "If the bid price for IBM1
drops below $81.00, submit a buy limit order for 500 shares with a limit price of $80.90."

For this order, you'll need to monitor the value on another page, specifically the Bid Price on
the Tickers page since you want to know when the bid price drops below 81.00.

1 To get this value, go to the Tickers page and put your cursor in the Bid Price field on the
line that's displaying IBM1 market data (if you don't have it, add it!) Now look up in the
formula line (it's right under the toolbar at the top of the page, and has the equal sign
to identify it) and see that it says "=username|tik!id4?bid" but with your username
instead of the word "username." Copy this value using the Copy command or Ctrl+C,
then scoot right back to the Conditional Orders page.

2 Now, let's set this up. Start in a blank line, and enter the underlying and other
parameters in the Contract Description fields (IBM1, STK, Smart and USD).

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Chapter 10: The Conditional Orders Page

3 Scroll over and find the Condition Statements area just to the right of the Order Status
section. Put your cursor in the Statement field, then paste the value you copied from
the Tickers page into the Formula bar. To see what you've made so far, move your
cursor into some other field and look at the value in the Statement field - it shows you
the current bid price for IBM1! OK, now go back to the Formula bar for that statement
and add this to the end: <81.00. This simply says "if the bid price is less than 81.00."

You might be wondering why you didn't just use the formula "O 12
> 81.00" or something like that, since you can pinpoint the column
and row in which the participating bid price resides. The reason is
that you're using two different pages, both of which have an "O 12"
field. The Conditional Orders page would use the O 12 value from
its own page, and that would not help you one bit. So in this case, to avoid
confusion you have to use the actual field code.

4 Again, move your cursor to some other field, and now you'll see that the value in the
Statement field is "FALSE," which is just what you want! If the IBM1 bid price drops
below 81.00, this will become TRUE, and when the Statement value is true - it triggers
the conditional order!

5 Next, you need to tell the API what you want it to do if the bid price drops below 81.00.
So, in the ADD/MOD field, enter ADD (since you're not modifying an order), then BUY
in the Action field, 500 in the Quantity field, LMT in the Order Type field and 80.90 in
the Lmt Price field.

OK, you've done it. Will this execute for you? Who knows? But if your conditions are ever met,
your new order will be submitted, that you can count on! You can do lots of interesting things
with the Conditional Orders feature. We recommend you log into your PaperTrader account
and experiment.

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

The Advanced Orders page is exactly like the Basic Orders page. We created the this page to
make it easy for to you set up and place orders that require the use of extended order
attributes. Order types such as bracket, trailing stop limit, volatility and scale orders all
require values to be entered on the extended order attributes page before you place the order.
You remember extended order attributes from Chapter 9, don't you? Well don't worry, you'll
be using them again in this chapter.

You might notice that there are some rows with a little red symbol on the
upper right corner of the cell. If you roll your mouse over the red symbol,
additional details about each type of advanced order appear in a little
popup. Of course, you're always encouraged to look at our TWS Users'
Guide or the DDE for Excel section of the API Reference Guide if you're
interested in learning more.

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

Add Your Tickers to the Advanced Orders Page

To add your tickers from the Tickers page to the Orders page, simply copy and paste your
ticker lines from one page to another. You might remember this process from Chapter 8, but
in case you've forgotten, here it is again:

1 On the Tickers page, select a row by clicking the row number in the far left column, then
right click and choose Copy. The selected row starts blinking away likes it's on a
marquee. For example, copy the IBM ticker line.

2 Now, come back to the Advanced Orders page, select a blank row by clicking in the
number field of a blank row, right click and choose Paste.

Depending on which version of Excel you are using, you can also choose Insert Copied
Cells to paste the copied ticker row a blank row; this command automatically moves
the other rows down to make room for the new row.

You've just created a new potential order row. You can also enter a new ticker symbol
manually just as you did on the Tickers page.

Create a Trailing Stop Limit Order

To demonstrate how to use extended order attributes in setting up advanced order types, we'll
show you how to create a trailing stop limit order.

A trailing stop limit order lets you create a trailing stop order that works in conjunction with a
dynamically-updating limit order. When the stop order triggers, a limit order is submitted at
the last calculated price (instead of a market order which would be submitted with a regular
trailing stop order).

The Trailing Stop Limit order uses four components:

stop price
trailing amount
limit price
limit offset.

In TWS, you enter the stop price, trailing amount and either the limit price or the limit offset;
TWS calculates the limit offset or limit price for you, depending on which value you enter. In
the DDE for Excel API spreadsheet, you enter the trailing amount, stop price and limit price.
There is no field or extended order attribute for the limit offset value. You must include the
limit offset in the stop price (the Trail Stop Price extended order attribute).

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

To create a trailing stop limit order:

1 First, enter the ticker information in the Contract Description section of the Advanced
Orders page. (In our sample spreadsheet, we've included a sample ticker, DRYS1, and
we've even entered the order information in the Order Description fields for you! Feel
free to use this order row to learn how to place a trailing stop limit order, or enter your
own order row.)

2 Click your mouse in the Action field on the DRYS1 ticker line.

Notice that some of the Order Description fields have been filled in for you (Action is
SELL, Quantity is 100, and Order Type is TRAILLIMIT.

3 Now you need to enter a limit price in the Lmt Price field. Take a look at the DRYS1
market data and come up with a reasonable limit price. For this example, we've
assumed a market price of $71.751, so enter a limit price of 71.50.

4 Enter the trailing amount in the Aux Price field. For this example, enter 0.10.

5 Now go to the Extended Order Attributes page and enter a value for the Trail Stop Price
attribute. This is the Stop Price for the trailing stop limit order. Type this value in the
Trail Stop Price Value field. For this example, assume a percent offset of 0.02.

The Trail Stop Price value must include the limit offset.

For a sell order:

Trail Stop Price = Limit Price - Trailing Amount - Limit Offset

For a buy order:

Trail Stop Price = Limit Price + Trailing Amount + Limit Offset

So for this example, which is a sell order, the trail stop price would be 71.38 (or 71.50
- 0.10 - 0.02, using the above sell order equation). Enter 71.38 in the Value field for
the Trail Stop Price attribute (Line 52 on the Extended Order Attributes page).

6 Go back to the Advanced Orders page and highlight the order row, then click the Apply
Extended Template button. The Trail Stop Price (the stop price for the order) that you
entered on the Extended Order Attributes page is applied to your order.

7 With the row still highlighted, click the Place/Modify Order button. Watch the Status
field update with the current order status.

8 Don't forget to delete the Trail Stop Price value on the Extended Order Attributes page
after you've placed your order. If you don't delete this value, every order you place will
have this value associated with it, which you probably don't want!

Now let's place another type of advanced order, a Bracket order.

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

Create a Bracket Order

Bracket orders are designed to limit your loss and lock in a profit by "bracketing" an order with
two opposite-side orders. A BUY order is bracketed by a high-side sell limit order and a
low-side sell stop (or stop-limit) order. A SELL order is bracketed by a high-side buy stop (or
stop-limit) order and a low side buy limit order.

The Transmit and Parent Order ID Extended Order Attributes

Bracket orders in the DDE for Excel sample spreadsheet require the use of the extended order
attributes Transmit and Parent Order Id.

Transmit is a true/false value (what programmers call a "boolean" value; false is represented
by the number 0 and true is represented by the number 1). If Transmit is set to true, you type
1 in the Value field for the attribute on the Extended Order Attributes page, and every order
you place in the sample spreadsheet will be transmitted as soon as you click the
Place/Modify Order button. It it is set to false, you type 0 in in the Value field for the
attribute , and every order you place in the spreadsheet will be "on hold" and will not be
transmitted to TWS. For your convenience, we've set the Transmit value set to true (1 is
already entered in the Value field on the Extended Order Attributes page).

In the DDE for Excel API sample spreadsheet, the first order in the bracket must be identified
as the parent, or primary, order in the bracket. The remaining two orders in the bracket must
then be associated with that parent order before you can transmit the bracket order. You do
this by using the Parent Order Id extended attribute. For now, don't worry about how to do
this; we'll show you in the detailed steps below.

Creating the Bracket Order

In the following example, we will guide you through the process of creating a BUY order.

To create a bracket order

1 Click the Advanced Orders tab at the bottom of the spreadsheet.

In our sample spreadsheet, we've included a sample BUY-LIMIT bracket order for
shares of Motorola1, and we've even entered the order information in the Order
Description fields for all three orders in the bracket for you! Of course, you are always
free to enter your own order rows. For these steps, we assume that you are using our
sample rows to learn how to place a bracket order.

2 Enter the contract descriptions and order descriptions for all three orders on three
contiguous rows. Just as in any other order, enter BUY or SELL in the Action field, the
number of shares in the Quanty field, and the order type in the Order Type field.

In our sample, we've entered the following order rows for you:

The first order is a BUY LMT order for 100 shares of MOT1.
The second order is a SELL STP order for 100 shares of MOT1.
The third order is a SELL LMT order for 100 shares of MOT1.
3 Click the Tickers tab and check the current market price for MOT stock by requesting
market data. Our sample spreadsheet includes the MOT ticker for you already.

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

4 Click the Advanced Orders tab again, then type the limit price for the BUY LMT order
row, the stop price for the SELL STP order row, and the limit price for the SELL LMT
order row.

For this example, let's assume that the current market price for MOT1 is $9.50:

In the Lmt Price field for the first order (the buy limit order), type 9.00.
In the Aux Price field for the second order (the sell stop order), type 8.50.
In the Lmt Price field for the third order (the sell limit order), type 10.00.
5 Click the Extended Order Attributes tab. Change the value for Transmit to 0 (you can
find this attribute on row 13).

This ensures that your orders are not transmitted until you have completed the
order setup.
6 Click the Advanced Orders tab, highlight the first order in the bracket order, then click
the Place/Modify Order button.

Remember, you've turned off Transmit (set it to false), so the order is not immediately
executed. However, the system does generate an Order ID, which you can see in the Id
field in the Order Status section of the page.

7 Now it's time to use that Parent Order Id extended attribute.

a First, copy the Order ID for the first order, omitting the "id" prefix (click the Id
field for the first order, select only the numbers of the Id in the Excel Formula Bar,
then press Ctl+c to copy).

b Click the Extended Order Attributes tab and paste the Order ID into the Value
field for Parent Order Id, which is on row 14 (click in the Value field for row 14,
then press Ctl+V to paste the Order Id that you copied in the previous step).

This value will be applied to all subsequent orders until you remove it from the
Extended Order Attributes page. And now you've identified the parent or primary
order of the bracket!

8 Click the Advanced Orders tab, highlight the second order, then click the
Place/Modify Order button.

Don't worry, the order is not executed yet because that Transmit extended order
attribute is still set to False. But this second order is now associated with the parent, or
primary, order in the bracket by means of the Parent Order Id extended order attribute.

9 You're almost ready to place the entire bracket order. Click the Extended Order
Attributes tab again and change the value for Transmit back to 1 (row 13). The next
order you place WILL be instantly transmitted.

10 Click the Advanced Orders tab again, highlight the third order in the bracket order,
then click the Place/Modify Order button.

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Chapter 11 - The Advanced Orders Page

The entire bracket order is finally transmitted and you'll notice that all three orders now
have a status displayed in the Order Status field. Also take a look at the Parent Id field,
which is the right-most column in the Order Status section of the page. Notice that the
second and third order have the same Parent Id, and that Parent Id is the same as the
Id of the first order! This is proof that the second and third orders in the bracket order
have been correctly associated with the first order.

11 When you are done placing your bracket order, go to the Extended Order Attributes
page and delete the Parent Order Id value you entered. If you do not, this value will be
applied to all subsequent orders that you place in the spreadsheet.

There are other advanced order samples on the Advanced Orders page, including sample VOL
orders, scale and relative orders. All of these order types require the use of extended order
attributes. You can read more about how to set up these orders in the API Reference Guide,
which is available from
http://individuals.interactivebrokers.com/en/p.php?f=programInterface&p=a&ib_entity=lic
on our web site.

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Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page

Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page

The Open Orders page shows you all transmitted orders, including those that have been
accepted by the IB system, and those that are working at an exchange.. Once you have
subscribed, the page is updated each time you submit a new order, either through the API or
in TWS.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

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Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page

How Do I Subscribe?
Another way to say this would be "View your open orders." You don't subscribe in the
everyday sense of signing up, paying a fee and receiving something. You simply click a button,
and the VBA macros working behind the scenes quickly do all the complicated stuff, so that
you can see all of your open orders. In addition, these macros ensure that this data updates in
real-time, so that if an order executes you'll know it.

To do this, imply click the Subscribe to Open Orders button on the toolbar. All of your
orders will display in the Excel worksheet as soon as they are accepted. If you don't currently
have any working orders, the API will kindly tell you that you have "None at this time."

Even when you log out of TWS or close down your Excel spreadsheet, your subscription
remains active until you elect to cancel it by clicking the Cancel Open Orders Subscription
button. If you entered new orders via TWS while the API was shut down, as soon as you log
back in any new open orders are displayed.

Clearing Open Orders

To clear the spreadsheet of all displayed open orders, first cancel the subscription, and then
click the Clear Open Orders button.

Named Ranges for Results

The results are displayed in a "named range" so that they can easily be manipulated through a
page-specific Worksheet_Calculate macro, which our API developers have written and
included. A named range is a Microsoft Excel feature that lets you assign a meaningful name
to a single cell or a range of cells. In the DDE for Excel API VB code, we use named ranges on
every page to represent ranges of cells on that page. For example, on the Open Orders page,
we assigned the named range "openSubOrders" to all of the cells in the Order Description
section of the Open Order results to easily reference those cells in the code.

In Microsoft Excel 2007, you access the named range feature on

the Formulas tab (for example, the Name Manager displays all
names defined for the current worksheet). In previous versions of
Microsoft Excel, you define name ranges from the Insert menu.

Using named ranges, you can tell the API to put the open orders somewhere else, like on a
different spreadsheet or in a different set of rows and columns.

View the VB Code

To view or use the code in this macro:

1 Use the Excel Tools menu, mouse over the Macro subcommand and then choose
Macros.

If you are using Excel 2007, select the View tab at the top of the screen, then click the
Macros button.

2 Scroll down the code window to find the Worksheet_Calculate macro specific to the page
functionality you're interested in. For example, Sheet10 macros apply to the Open

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Chapter 12 - The Open Orders Page

Orders page, which you can infer by the Sheet10 macro names, including
subscribeToOpenOrders and cancelOpenOrderSubscription.

3 To see the named ranges used on this page, open the code for Sheet 10 and look at the
code for the macros used on this page.

In Excel 2007, you can view all of the named ranges used in the entire API spreadsheet
by clicking the Formulas tab at the top of the window, then clicking Name Manager. In
previous versions of Excel, you can view and define named ranges by selecting Name
from the Insert menu, then selecting Define. There is also a Name Manager for Excel
utility available from Microsoft for versions of Excel prior to Excel 2007.

What Happens If an Open Order Executes?

Once an order executes, it remains on the Open Orders page for 30 seconds, with the Status
value changed to FILLED. Then the filled order is cleared away, and you can see it on the
Executions page (once you subscribe to real-time executions, of course!).

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Chapter 13 - The Executions Page

Chapter 13 - The Executions Page

The Executions page is pretty straightforward - it displays the current day's executions.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

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Chapter 13 - The Executions Page

How Do I Subscribe to Executions?

Another way to say this would be "View your executions." You don't actually "subscribe" to
anything in the usual sense of signing up, paying a fee and receiving something. You simply
click the Subscribe to Executions button, and the VBA macros working in the background
quickly do all the complicated stuff and magically populate the screen with your current day's
executions. Your "subscription" remains active until you elect to cancel it by clicking the
Cancel Executions Subscription button. And, any orders that execute while TWS is shut
down or the API is logged off will display as soon as you log back and go to the Executions
page.

OK, to do all this stuff, simply click the Subscribe to Executions button on the toolbar. All of
the day's executions will display in the Excel worksheet. If you currently do not have any
execution reports, the API will kindly tell you that you have "None at this time."

Clearing Executions
To clear the spreadsheet of all displayed executions, first cancel the subscription, and then
click the Clear Executions button.

Named Ranges for Results

The results are displayed in a "named range" so that they can easily be manipulated through a
page-specific Worksheet_Calculate macro, which our API developers have written and
included. A named range is a Microsoft Excel feature that lets you assign a meaningful name
to a single cell or a range of cells. In the DDE for Excel API VB code, we use named ranges on
every page to represent ranges of cells on that page. For example, on the Executions page, we
assigned the named range "execSubDetails" to all of the cells in the Execution Description
portion of the Executions page results to easily reference those cells in the code.

In Microsoft Excel 2007, you access the named range feature on the
Formulas tab (for example, the Name Manager displays all names defined
for the current worksheet). In previous versions of Microsoft Excel, you
define name ranges from the Insert menu.

Using named ranges, you can tell the API to put this execution data somewhere else, like on a
different spreadsheet or in a different set of rows and columns.

View the VB Code

To view or use the code in this macro:

1 In the Excel Tools menu, mouse over the Macro subcommand and then choose Macros.

If you are using Excel 2007, select the View tab at the top of the screen, then click the
Macros button.

2 Scroll down the code window to find the Worksheet_Calculate macro specific to the page
functionality you're interested in. For example, Sheet11 macros apply to the Executions
page, which you can infer by the Sheet11 macro names, including
subscribeToExecutions and clearExecutions.

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Chapter 13 - The Executions Page

3 To see the named ranges used on this page, open the code for Sheet 11 and look at the
code for the macros used on this page.

In Excel 2007, you can view all of the named ranges used in the entire API spreadsheet
by clicking the Formulas tab, then clicking Name Manager. In previous versions of
Excel, you can view and define named ranges by selecting Name from the Insert menu,
then selecting Define. There is also a Name Manager for Excel utility available from
Microsoft for versions of Excel prior to Excel 2007.

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Chapter 13 - The Executions Page

The Executions Reporting Page

In addition to viewing all executions, you can filter your returns using the Executions
Reporting page. This page is linked to the Executions page (which means you don't need to
enter your username anywhere) and can be used as long as you have subscribed to the
executions function on the Executions page.

You can select one of the following report types on the Executions Reporting page:

Order ID - finds all executions resulting from orders with a specified PermID.
Order Ref - finds all executions resulting from orders with a given order reference; for
example executions from a specific basket order.
VOL order - finds all executions resulting from specific volatility order, including any
hedge delta executions.
Strategy - in the Key field, enter a value to define the Type you selected. For example,
if you selected Order ID as the type, enter a specific order ID in the Key field.

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Chapter 14 - The Account Page

Chapter 14 - The Account Page

The Account page shows you everything you will ever need to know about the status of your
account. Once you've entered your TWS Username, simply click the Subscribe to Account
Updates button and the Account Values section will be filled with up-to-the-minute values,
from your Equity with Loan Value through your margin and P&L values. (see Appendix B for
details on all of the values shown on the Account page). These values are updated every 3
minutes.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

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Chapter 14 - The Account Page

How Do I Subscribe to Account Updates?

As with the Open Orders and Executions pages, it might have made more sense to describe
this as "View your account information" rather than "Subscribe to Account Updates." You don't
actually "subscribe" to anything in the usual sense of signing up, paying a fee and receiving
something. You simply click a button, and the VBA macros working in the background quickly
do all the complicated stuff and magically populate the screen with your up-to-date account
information. Your "subscription" remains active until you elect to cancel it by clicking the
Cancel Account Subscription button.

Note the little field between the buttons and the field titled Last Update Time. This time tells
you when the API last updated the values on the spreadsheet through TWS. These values are
checked and updated automatically every three minutes.

To make this work, simply click the Subscribe to Account Updates button on the toolbar.
Your latest account information instantly populates the page.

Clearing Account Values

To clear the spreadsheet of all the account values, first cancel the subscription, and then click
the Clear Account Data button.

Named Ranges for Results

The results are displayed in a "named range" so that they can easily be manipulated through a
page-specific Worksheet_Calculate macro, (for the Account and Portfolio pages, the macros
are for Sheet.14 and Sheet.15 respectively) which our API developers have written and
included. A named range is a Microsoft Excel feature that lets you assign a meaningful name
to a single cell or a range of cells. In the DDE for Excel API VB code, we use named ranges on
every page to represent ranges of cells on that page. For example, on the Account page, we
assigned the named range "acctsDataRange1" to all of the cells in the Symbol column to easily
reference those cells in the code.

In Microsoft Excel 2007, you access the named range feature on the
Formulas tab (for example, the Name Manager displays all names defined
for the current worksheet). In previous versions of Microsoft Excel, you
define name ranges from the Insert menu.

Using named ranges, you can tell the API to put this execution data somewhere else, like on a
different spreadsheet or in a different set of rows and columns.

View the VB Code

To view or use the code in this macro:

1 In the Excel Tools menu, mouse over the Macro subcommand and then choose Macros.

If you are using Excel 2007, select the View tab at the top of the screen, then click the
Macros button.

2 Scroll down the code window to find the Worksheet_Calculate macro specific to the page
functionality you're interested in. For example, Sheet14 macros apply to the Account

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Chapter 14 - The Account Page

page, which you can infer by the Sheet14 macro names, such as subscribeToAccts and
requestManagedAccts

3 To see the named ranges used on this page, open the code for Sheet 11 and look at the
code for the macros used on this page.

If you are using Excel 2007, select the View tab at the top of the screen, then click
Macros button.

In Excel 2007, you can view all of the named ranges used in the entire API spreadsheet
by clicking the Formulas tab, then clicking Name Manager. In previous versions of
Excel, you can view and define named ranges by selecting Name from the Insert menu,
then selecting Define. There is also a Name Manager for Excel utility available from
Microsoft for versions of Excel prior to Excel 2007.

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Chapter 15 - The Portfolio Page

Chapter 15 - The Portfolio Page

The Portfolio page displays all of your current positions.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

To view your portfolio, simply click the Subscribe to Portfolio Updates button to populate
the page with the current positions you hold in your portfolio. This page works the same as the
Account page, and also goes out to TWS and updates the values every three minutes, which
you can see in the Last Update Time field in the Which Trader Workstation? area.

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Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page

Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page

Use the Historical Data tab to request historical data for an instrument based on data you
enter in a query. This information equates to charting a contract in TWS, except that the
information you see is all in rows on a spreadsheet, rather than in a pretty colored line or bar
chart! As a matter of fact, each row value in the spreadsheet is considered a "bar" just a like a
bar in your chart. You can request historical data as far back as a year, and also for expired
futures contracts.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

Excel shows the results on a separate page, which it creates specifically for these results.
When you define the parameters, you'll include a name for your historical data returns in the
Page Name field.

Note that since the query returns a named range of cells, you can write VBA macros to
perform computations on it, and you can chart and sort the data in Excel.

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Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page

How Do I Request Historical Data?

Requesting historical data is as easy as pushing a button! Well, first you need to make sure
you're hooked up to TWS through your user name, and then you have to figure out which
symbol you want to request data for. After you've done all THAT, well THEN it's just as easy as
pushing a button!

The Historical Data page in the sample application comes pre-populated with all types of
instruments as examples for you to follow when creating a ticker and then requesting
historical data. To create a ticker line, it's the same simple process you used to add tickers on
the Tickers page. You can either click the Create Ticker button and enter the description in
the Ticker dialog box, or you can click your mouse in an empty Symbol field on the worksheet
page and tab through the fields necessary to define your ticker.

Historical Data Parameters

Now that you have the ticker on the page, you need to define the parameters the application
will use to find your data. The following table describes the fields that appear in the Query
Specification section of the Historical Data page.

Parameter Description
End Use the format yyyymmdd
Data/Time {space}hh:mm:ss{space}tmz where the time zone is
allowed (optionally) after a space at the end.
Duration This is the time span the request will cover, and is
specified using the format integer {space} unit, where
valid units are:
S (seconds)
D (days)
W (weeks)
M (months)
Y (years) This unit is currently limited to one.

If no unit is specified, seconds are used.

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Chapter 16 - The Historical Data Page

Parameter Description
Bar Size Specifies the size of the bars that will be returned. The
following bar sizes may be used, and are specified using
the parametric value:

Bar Size String Integer Value

1 second 1
5 seconds 2
15 seconds 3
30 seconds 4
1 minutes 5
2 minutes 6
3 minutes 16
5 minutes 7
15 minutes 8
30 minutes 9
1 hour 10
1 day 11
1 week 12
1 month 13
3 months 14
1 year 15

On the query return page, each "bar" is represented by

a line in the spreadsheet. If you specify a duration of
300 seconds, and a bar size of "1" (one second) your
return will include 300 lines, and the value in each line is
equal to one second, or is a one-second bar. Note that
you can use either the Integer value of the Bar Size
String or the Integer Value to define the bar sizes.
What to Determines the nature of the data extracted. Valid
Show values include:
Trades
Midpoint
Bid
Ask
Bid_Ask
All but the Bid_Ask data contain the start time, open,
high, low, close, volume, trade count and weighted
average price during the time slice queried. For the
Bid/Ask query, the open and close values are the
time-weighted average bid and the time-weighted
average offer, respectively. These bars are identical to
the TWS charts' candlestick bars.

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Parameter Description
RTH Only Regular Trading Hours only. Valid values include:
0 - all data available during the time span
requested is returned, including time intervals
when the market in question was outside of
regular trading hours.
1 - only data within the regular trading hours for
the product requested is returned, even if the time
span falls partially or completely outside.
Date Format Valid values include:
Style
1 - dates that apply to bars are returned in the
format yyyymmdd{space}{space}hh:mm:dd (the
same format used when reporting executions).
2 - the dates are returned as an integer
specifying the number of seconds since 1/1/1970
GMT.
Page Name The name you enter will be used to name the new
system-created page into which Excel puts the historical
data.
Expired Valid values include True and False. If true, the query
will run on an expired contract, although it is limited to
the last year of the contracts life, and is currently only
valid for expired futures contracts.

OK, so you've created a ticker and then entered all the query information you'll need. Your
spreadsheet page looks something like this:

Now just click the Request Historical Data button and after a few moments, the API will
create a new page that looks something like this:

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Notice that the date and time, the opening price, the high and low prices and, the closing
price, all for that bar. You also see the trading volume, the number of trades that occurred
(trade count) per bar, and the weighted average price.

Canceling Historical Data Requests

To cancel historical data requests which TWS cannot process, click the Cancel Historical
Data button at the top of the Historical Data page. If you want to delete one of these pages,
just right-click in the page title on the bottom tab, and select Delete.

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Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page

Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page

The market scanners use the criteria you enter along with the scan code definition to return X
number of the top matching contracts, all in a nice, new scanner page. For example, you
might want to know the top 30 most active stocks currently trading on the NYSE. You can view
these results on the above mentioned nice new scanner page, which by the way YOU named,
and can even activate a feature that will make this page pop to the front of your application
any time there are additions, deletions or any other changes to the list. Let's see how to do all
this!

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

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Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page

How Do I Subscribe to a Market Scanner?

Look at the list of "Scan Codes" in the Scan Code field. This field, along with the rest of the
subscription details, tells the API which data to return to you. We have included a bunch of
them for you, but more could be added that you might want to see.

Just select a scan line, modify any of the filter elements if you want (they're described in the
first of two tables below) and click the Start Scanner Subscription. Once it successfully
subscribes to the scan, the value to the left of the name in the Ctrl column changes from
PROCESSING to SUBSCRIBED.

You can find out what scan codes are available via the Java sample
application. To do this, you must have a JDK (Java Development
Kit) installed on your PC, which you can get from www.java.com.
Use your Windows Explorer to navigate to the Jts/Java directory,
under the API software directory. Open the Java file and you'll see
a file called run.bat. Double-click this file and you'll be able to see
the complete list of supported scan parameters.

Elements of a Market Data Scan

The following table describes the elements that make up a scanner subscription, in other
words, the available fields into which you can enter the descriptive information that will get
you what you want to see!

Watch out for the Activate Page field! It seems like a nice feature that
gets your attention any time the results change. But what it will do is pop
this scanner page to the front of the application regardless of what else is
going on, such as you entering data on another worksheet or creating
some complex and ingenious VBA code to perform some amazing feat. This
feature doesn't care, it interrupts at will! If you find it interrupts too much, just
change the value in this field to FALSE.

The following table lists the elements that make up a market data scan.

Element Name Description

Page name This is the name that will be given to the new
page that is created with the scanner data.
Activate Page? If set to true, the new scanner page will pop to
the front of the worksheet pages every time a
result returns. This could be as often as every
minute.
Scan Code Identifies the type of scan. See the Take a Peek!
Note above for some instruction on how you can
find the scan codes!
Instrument Identifies the instrument type used in the scan.
To see what instruments are available, you can
look at the TWS Market Scanner instruments.

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Element Name Description

Location code Identifies the market used (i.e. US Stocks) for the
scan. To see what locations are supported, you
can look at the TWS Market Scanner
location codes.
Stock type filter Allows you to specify just stocks, just etfs, or
both.
Number of rows Define the number of rows of data you want
returned.
Price Above Filters out returns with prices below the named
price. Can be left empty.
Price Below Filters out returns with prices above the named
price. Can be left empty.
Average volume Filters out returns with an average volume below
above the named price. Can be left empty.
Average Option Filters out returns with an average option volume
Volume Above below the named price. Can be left empty.
Market Cap Above Filters out returns with a market capitalization
value below the named price. Can be left empty.
Market Cap Below Filters out returns with a market capitalization
value above the named price. Can be left empty.
Moody Rating Filters out returns with a Moody rating below the
Above named price. Can be left empty.
Moody Rating Filters out returns with a Moody rating above the
Below named price. Can be left empty.
S&P Rating Above Filters out returns with an S&P rating below the
named price. Can be left empty.
S&P Rating Below Filters out returns with an S&P rating above the
named price. Can be left empty.
Maturity Date Filters out returns with a maturity date below the
Above named price. Can be left empty.
Maturity Date Filters out returns with a maturity date above the
Below named price. Can be left empty.
Coupon Rate Filters out returns with a coupon rate below the
Above named price. Can be left empty.
Coupon Rate Filters out returns with a coupon rate above the
Below named price. Can be left empty.
Exclude Filters out convertible bonds. Can be left empty.
Convertible
Scanner Settings For example "Annual/True" used on the Top
Pairs Option Implied Vol% Gainers would instruct the
scan to return annualized volatilities.

Delimit setting pairs by slashes.

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Available Market Scanners

The following table shows a list (current as of July 2008) of the available scanners.

Market Scanner (Scan

Code) Description
Low Opt Volume P/C Ratio Put option volumes are divided by call
(LOW_OPT_VOL_PUT_CALL_ option volumes and the top underlying
RATIO)* symbols with the lowest ratios are
displayed.

High Option Imp Vol Over Shows the top underlying contracts
Historical (stocks or indices) with the largest
(HIGH_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_OVE divergence between implied and
R_HIST)* historical volatilities.
Low Option Imp Vol Over Shows the top underlying contracts
Historical (stocks or indices) with the smallest
(LOW_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_OVE divergence between implied and
R_HIST)* historical volatilities.
Highest Option Imp Vol Shows the top underlying contracts
(HIGH_OPT_IMP_VOLAT)* (stocks or indices) with the highest
vega-weighted implied volatility of
near-the-money options with an
expiration date in the next two months.

Top Option Imp Vol % Shows the top underlying contracts

Gainers (stocks or indices) with the largest
(TOP_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_GAIN percent gain between current implied
)* volatility and yesterday's closing value
of the 15 minute average of implied
volatility.
Top Option Imp Vol % Losers Shows the top underlying contracts
(TOP_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_LOSE (stocks or indices) with the largest
)* percent loss between current implied
volatility and yesterday's closing value
of the 15 minute average of implied
volatility.
High Opt Volume P/C Ratio Put option volumes are divided by call
(HIGH_OPT_VOLUME_PUT_C option volumes and the top underlying
ALL_ symbols with the highest ratios are
RATIO) displayed.

Low Opt Volume P/C Ratio Put option volumes are divided by call
(LOW_OPT_VOLUME_PUT_CA option volumes and the top underlying
LL_ symbols with the lowest ratios are
RATIO) displayed.

Most Active by Opt Volume Displays the most active contracts

(OPT_VOLUME_MOST_ACTIV sorted descending by options volume.
E)
Hot by Option Volume Shows the top underlying contracts for
(HOT_BY_OPT_VOLUME) highest options volume over a 10-day
average.

High Option Open Interest Returns the top 50 contracts with the
P/C Ratio highest put/call ratio of outstanding
(HIGH_OPT_OPEN_INTEREST option contracts.
_PUT_CALL_RATIO)

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Market Scanner (Scan

Code) Description
Low Option Open Interest P/C Returns the top 50 contracts with the
Ratio lowest put/call ratio of outstanding
(LOW_OPT_OPEN_INTEREST option contracts.
_PUT_
CALL_RATIO)
Top % Gainers Contracts whose last trade price shows
(TOP_PERC_GAIN) the highest percent increase from the
previous night's closing price.
Most Active Contracts with the highest trading
(MOST_ACTIVE) volume today, based on units used by
TWS (lots for US stocks; contract for
derivatives and non-US stocks).
The sample spreadsheet includes two
Most Active scans: Most Active List,
which displays the most active contracts
in the NASDAQ, NYSE and AMEX
markets, and Most Active US, which
displays the most active stocks in the
United States.

Top % Losers Contracts whose last trade price shows

(TOP_PERC_LOSE) the lowest percent increase from the
previous night's closing price.

Hot Contracts by Volume Contracts where:

(HOT_BY_VOLUME) today's Volume/avgDailyVolume is
highest.
avgDailyVolume is a 30-day exponential
moving average of the contract's daily
volume.

Top % Futures Gainers Futures whose last trade price shows

(TOP_PERC_GAIN) the highest percent increase from the
previous night's closing price.

Hot Contracts by Price Contracts where:

(HOT_BY_PRICE) (lastTradePrice-prevClose)/avgDailyCha
nge is highest in absolute value (positive
or negative).
The avgDailyChange is defined as an
exponential moving average of the
contract's (dailyClose-dailyOpen)

Top Trade Count The top trade count during the day.
(TOP_TRADE_COUNT)
Top Trade Rate Contracts with the highest number of
(TOP_TRADE_RATE) trades in the past 60 seconds
(regardless of the sizes of those trades).

Top Price Range The largest difference between today's

(TOP_PRICE_RANGE) high and low, or yesterday's close if
outside of today's range.

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Market Scanner (Scan

Code) Description
Hot by Price Range The largest price range (from Top Price
(HOT_BY_PRICE_RANGE) Range calculation) over the volatility.
Top Volume Rate The top volume rate per minute.
(TOP_VOLUME_RATE)
Lowest Option Imp Vol Shows the top underlying contracts
(LOW_OPT_IMP_VOLAT) (stocks or indices) with the lowest
vega-weighted implied volatility of
near-the-money options with an
expiration date in the next two months.

Most Active by Opt Open Returns the top 50 underlying contracts

Interest with the (highest number of outstanding
(OPT_OPEN_INTEREST_MOS call contracts) + (highest number of
T_ outstanding put contracts)
ACTIVE)
Not Open Contracts that have not traded today.
(NOT_OPEN)
Halted Contracts for which trading has been
(HALTED) halted.
Top % Gainers Since Open Shows contracts with the highest
(TOP_OPEN_PERC_GAIN) percent price INCREASE between the
last trade and opening prices.

Top % Losers Since Open Shows contracts with the highest

(TOP_OPEN_PERC_LOSE) percent price DECREASE between the
last trade and opening prices.

Top Close-to-Open % Gainers Shows contracts with the highest

(HIGH_OPEN_GAP) percent price INCREASE between the
previous close and today's opening
prices.
Top Close-to-Open % Losers Shows contracts with the highest
(LOW_OPEN_GAP) percent price DECREASE between the
previous close and today's opening
prices.
Lowest Option Imp Vol Shows the top underlying contracts
(LOW_OPT_IMP_VOLAT)* (stocks or indices) with the lowest
vega-weighted implied volatility of
near-the-money options with an
expiration date in the next two months.

Top Option Imp Vol % Shows the top underlying contracts

Gainers (stocks or indices) with the largest
(TOP_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_GAIN percent gain between current implied
)* volatility and yesterday's closing value
of the 15 minute average of implied
volatility.
Top Option Imp Vol % Losers Shows the top underlying contracts
(TOP_OPT_IMP_VOLAT_LOSE (stocks or indices) with the largest
)* percent loss between current implied
volatility and yesterday's closing value
of the 15 minute average of implied
volatility.

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Market Scanner (Scan

Code) Description
13-Week High The highest price for the past 13 weeks.
(HIGH_VS_13W_HL)
13-Week Low The lowest price for the past 13 weeks.
(LOW_VS_13W_HL)
26-Week High The highest price for the past 26 weeks.
(HIGH_VS_26W_HL)
26-Week Low The lowest price for the past 26 weeks.
(LOW_VS_26W_HL)
52-Week High The highest price for the past 52 weeks.
(HIGH_VS_52W_HL)
52-Week Low The lowest price for the past 52 weeks.
(LOW_VS_52W_HL)
EFP - High Synth Bid Rev Highlights the highest synthetic EFP
Yield interest rates available. These rates are
(HIGH_SYNTH_BID_REV_NAT computed by taking the price differential
_ between the SSF and the underlying
YIELD) stock and netting dividends to calculate
an annualized synthetic implied interest
rate over the period of the SSF. The High
rates may present an investment
opportunity.
EFP - Low Synth Bid Rev Highlights the lowest synthetic EFP
Yield interest rates available. These rates are
(LOW_SYNTH_BID_REV_NAT computed by taking the price differential
_ between the SSF and the underlying
YIELD) stock and netting dividends to calculate
an annualized synthetic implied interest
rate over the period of the SSF. The Low
rates may present a borrowing
opportunity.

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Chapter 17 - The Market Scanner Page

Viewing Market Scanner Results

Like the Historical Data subscription, the Market Scanner creates a new page and gives it the
name you specified in the Page Name field. Your result will look something like this:

Deleting Market Scanner Results

If you want to delete this page at any time, just right click on the tabbed title and select
Delete.

Canceling a Scanner Subscription

If a scan doesn't seem to be processing, you can cancel it by clicking the Cancel Scanner
Subscription button. It might also be helpful for you to see why it hasn't processed - perhaps
you have an invalid value somewhere along the way. To find out if this is the case, click the
Show Errors button and look at the last error code.

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Chapter 18 - The Contract Details and Bond Contract Details Pages

Chapter 18 - The Contract Details and Bond Contract

Details Pages
The Contract Details and Bond Contract Details pages may be two of the least complicated,
yet most useful, of all the pages. Basically, use these two pages to get important
contract-related information that you might need to help you enter valid parameters on other
pages. What? Well for example, you might want to find out what order types are supported for
specific instrument on a certain exchange. Use the Contract Details page! Or you might need
the ConID or some coupon information for a bond to allow you to properly request a ticker.
Use the Bond Contract Details page! The main reason these are separated is that the contract
information for bonds is so different from that on other instruments, we'd have need a billion
columns on one worksheet to cover them all.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your username in the
User Name field!

Contract Details Page

Follow the examples in the sample application to see how to enter the Summary Description.
This basically identifies the contract for which you're trying to find more information. For
bonds, you will need to know the CUSIP. To see how easy this is, let's use the Contract Details
page and select a contract. Now, simply click the Request Contract Details button, and the

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Chapter 18 - The Contract Details and Bond Contract Details Pages

application effortlessly displays all the details you might need. You'll have to move down the
list and highlight each instrument separately, and click the button each time.

Expired Options

Under the Options heading, notice that since this application was written, some of the options
have expired. If you try to get details on these expired options, all you'll get are zeros. Now,
click the Show Errors button, and look at the last error message. It tells you that "No
security definition has been found for the request." In other words, this doesn't exist anymore!
If you just change the date to a valid expiry and request the details again, the API will be able
to help you out.

Bond Contract Details Page

The Bond Contract Details page is very similar to the Contract Details page, aside from the
column headings. And it works the same, too. Along with your TWS user name, you are also
required to enter the contract summary description, so the application knows what contract
you're trying to find out about. Follow the examples in the sample application to see how to
enter the Summary Description. This basically identifies the contract for which you're trying to
find more information. For bonds, you will need to know the CUSIP. Then you select the
contract line and click the Request Bond Contract Details button and voila! If the data you
entered is valid, the results appear as expected. If the data you entered was invalid, the

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results won't display. In this case, use the Show Errors button to find out what went wrong,
and see if you can rectify your error.

Using Contract Details on Other Pages

To use any of the data from the Contract Details or Bond Contract Details pages on other
pages, copy and paste the contents of a cell.

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Chapter 19 - The Market Depth Page

Chapter 19 - The Market Depth Page

Market Depth shows you the alternative bids and offers away from the inside quote, which
gives you a broader picture of what's happening and can help you to better gauge market
liquidity.

To view market depth, enter a ticker in the Contract Summary Description fields, then click
the Request Market Depth button. Market depth is displayed in the dark-shaded section of
the page.

As always, make sure TWS is running, and don't forget to enter your
username in the User Name field!

Canceling a Market Depth Request

If you want to cancel your market depth request, highlight the ticker row and click the Cancel
Market Depth button.

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Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

Much of the content included in the DDE for Excel sample spreadsheet is applicable to both
individual traders and advisors, but there are some specific areas of interest for those of you
who handle multiple clients. This section focuses on the features that are only available to
multi-client account advisors. We've included a special page, the Advisors page, where
advisors can create orders for their multiple clients.

Note that at this time, although you can allocate portions of an order to multiple accounts via
the DDE API, you must first configure account groups, account profiles, methods and
percentages manually through TWS. You can check the TWS Users' Guide on the IB website
for instructions on how to do this.

You might notice that there are some rows with a little red symbol
on the upper right corner of some cells. If you roll your mouse over
the red symbol, additional details about each type of FA order
appear in a little popup. Of course, you're always encouraged to
look at our TWS Users' Guide or the DDE for Excel section of the
API Reference Guide if you're interested in learning more.

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Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

Setting Up Orders for an Advisor

Let's take a look at how to set up an order for an advisor using a single account, an account
group, and an allocation profile. But first let's draw a hypothetical picture of who you are, with
a descriptive scenario and some nuggets of information on which we'll base our share
allocation examples:

You are account number DF16045, and you manage 3 subaccounts named DU16046,
DU16047, DU16048.
In TWS, you have created an Account Group called LowRisk, added all the subaccounts
to this group, and selected AvailableEquity as that group's default allocation method.
This method dictates that the total number of shares in an executed order will be split
between the accounts in the group based on the ratio of their available equity. If
account DU16046 has available equity in the amount of $25,000, DU16047 has $50,000
and DU16048 has $100,000, the ratio is 1:2:4, and an order for 700 shares would see
DU16046 with 100 shares, DU16047 with 200 shares and DU16048DU10705 with a
whopping 400 shares of the order!
In TWS, you have also created an Allocation Profile that you call HighRisk, set the
allocation specifics to Percentages, and allocated 65% to DU16046 and 35% to
DU16048. When you use this Allocation Profile, the total executed order quantity will be
split 65/35.

That's all you need to know for now. Let's put our focus back on the Excel spreadsheet and
allocate some shares!!

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Allocate All Shares to a Single Account

Set up an order to buy 300 shares of YHOO1 at the market price, and allocate all the shares in
the order to a single account, say DU16047. OK, it sounds simple, but how do actually do it?

1 First open the Advisors page, and make sure you're linked up to your TWS account
(your TWS user name is entered in the User Name field).

2 Enter the order description information as shown in the following figure:

3 Now, you need to use the Extended Order Attributes page.

As we discussed earlier, you can enter these attributes on a per order basis using the
area on the order line, or you can leave all that alone and use the Extended Order
Attributes page. The catch is, some of these need to have a value of "0" to indicate that
you don't want to use them, and it's easier to leave these filled out on the page than to
go through and enter them manually for every order. Start by using the Extended
Order Attributes page and end by viewing these same attributes on the order line itself.

a Open the Extended Order Attributes page. In this case, where you're giving the
entire order to one account, you only need to use one of the attributes,
specifically the Account attribute. It's labeled "Institutional Only" but don't let that
scare you, it's for you too!

b Enter the account number in the Value field, and while you're in there take a look
and see the other fields that contain values.

Remember, you only entered a value for the Account attribute; the other values are
there by default.

4 Now let's go back to the Advisors page and scroll to the right to where you can see the
Extended Order Attributes section, which is dark gray by default. Note that at this point,
there are no values in any of these fields.

5 Select the YHOO order by highlighting the order line, and then click the Apply
Extended button. If you scroll to the right now, you'll see that some of these fields
have values, including the Account field, which displays the account number you
entered. The template populated all of the others that require a value, and now you're
ready to transmit the order. It will probably fill quickly since it's a market order.

6 To see that all of the shares in your order went to the account we specified, open the
Executions page, enter your username and click the Subscribe to Executions button.
Among other things, in the Execution Description area you'll see the Account number,
Side (BOT) and Quantity of 300. Cool, huh?

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Account Groups: There really IS a method

Now you'll use the account group we created, and although we originally set this up to allocate
shares using the Available Equity method, for this order we want all of the accounts in this
group to get an equal share of the booty. Here's how easy it is to do that!

1 Submit an order for 700 shares of YHOO1 and see how they get allocated equally
between the three accounts in our group.

2 Start by opening the Extended Order Attributes page. First you need to delete the
Account number specified in our last order from the Account field. Now, let's find the FA
Group and FA Method fields.

Remember that the Extended Order Attributes page holds all values until you change
them. In addition, if you don't manually enter any extended order attributes on your
order line (starting with the Time in Force), the values on this page are automatically
applied to your order EVEN IF you don't click the Apply Extended button!

3 Enter the FA Group name, which in this example is "LowRisk." Be careful to enter the
name precisely. If you enter "Low Risk" or "lowrisk," the API won't recognize what
you're telling it, and it will give you an error and fail to submit the order.

4 Next, enter the method. Since you want to distribute the shares evenly, enter
EqualQuantity as the method, again being precise with your syntax.

5 Go back to the Advisors page to set up a buy market order for 700 shares of YHOO1.
Hold on - don't click that Apply Extended button. To illustrate how the Extended Order
Attributes page works, simply transmit the order.

6 Once it fills, go back to the Executions page and take a look - you'll see a total of 700
shares of YHOO1 hypothetically BOT and distributed evenly amongst the three accounts
in your group! But you're not done. Next, you'll test-drive the final allocation tool - the
Allocation Profile.

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Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

The Allocation Profile Unmasked

Remember during you earlier work that you created an Allocation Profile called HighRisk, set
those allocation specifics to Percentages, and set the allocation percentages to 65% for
account DU16046 and 35% for account DU16048. Now you'll create an order using this profile.

1 Start by deleting the values in the FA Group and FA Method fields on the Extended
Order Attributes page.

2 In the Value field for the FA Profile attribute, enter the exact name of our profile,
HighRisk.

There's a field above the FA Profile field called FA Percentage.

Although this might sound like a field we'd need for this
Percentages profile, this is actually an Account Group Method field
used to enter a percent value when the Account Group Method you
select is PercentChange. Good thinking, though!

3 Go back to the Advisors page and create a market order for 1000 shares of YHOO1.

4 Once the order fills, you can take another peek at our executions, and see that 650
shares were allocated to DU16046 and 350 went to DU16048. And in case you didn't
feel like actually executing all of these allocation examples, here's what your execution
reports look like:

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

Advisor Fields
That's all folks! Except for reference, we've put together a table that tells you a bit about each
of the advisor-oriented fields.

Advisor Field Description Valid Values

Account Used to allocate all shares of A valid account number.
an order to a single account. Note that an account alias
Use on the Advisors page and WILL NOT be recognized.
Extended Order Attributes To see a list of your
page. managed accounts, click
the Request Managed
Accounts button on the
Account page.
FA Group An advisor-defined account If you enter a value in
group comprising a set of this field, you also need a
subaccounts to which value in the FA Method
executed shares will be field.
allocated based on an
associated method.
Use on the Advisors page and
Extended Order Attributes
page.
FA Method* Defines the allocation method EqualQuantity
for the subaccount within an NetLiq
account FA group.
AvailableEquity
Use on the Advisors page and
Extended Order Attributes PctChange
page.
FA Percentage If the FA Method is This method can only be
PctChange, enter the used to modify an
percentage in this field. existing position.
Use on the Advisors page and
Extended Order Attributes
page.
FA Profile* A profile allocates order Enter the name of the FA
shares to specific accounts by Profile. The allocation
percentage, ratio, or an specifics have already
absolute number. been defined via TWS.
Use on the Advisors page and
Extended Order Attributes
page.
Acct Code Found only on the Account A valid account number.
page, used to define that Note that an account alias
account to which you want to WILL NOT be recognized.
subscribe. To see a list of your
managed accounts, click
the Request Managed
Accounts button.
Request Located on the Account page, N/A
Managed used to view a list of valid
Accounts account numbers.
button

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 20 - The Advisors Page

Advisor Field Description Valid Values

FA Managed After you click the Request N/A
Accounts Managed Account button, the
received cell. account values are displayed
in this cell.

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 Getting to Know the DDE for Excel API Spreadsheet
Chapter 21 - The Old Style Executions and Account-Portfolio Pages

Chapter 21 - The Old Style Executions and

Account-Portfolio Pages
The development team left two vestiges of the old-style screens: the Old Style Executions and
the Old Style Account-Portfolio screens. They present the same data as the newer Executions,
Account and Portfolio pages, but require you to click a button for each line of data. In addition,
the latest and more efficient versions of both also break out the Account and Portfolio features
to two pages, and include a new Executions Reporting page. These pages were left intact in
deference to users who already have code linked to them. If by chance you happen to be one
of these users, you should probably think about ending your dependence on these pages, and
start using the "new fangled" pages instead.

Old Style Executions

The Old Style Executions page displays the current day's executions. As always, the most
important thing to remember is to enter your username to identify the trader workstation to
which you're linking up. Then click the Request Executions button. Each time you click you
get one execution report. If you scroll to the right you'll see the Execution Filter Criteria box.
You can elect to only see specific reports by entering a value in any of these filter fields. For
example, if you enter NYSE in the Exchange field, you'll only get results for executions on the
NYSE.

Old Style Account-Portfolio

The Old Style Account-Portfolio page displays everything about the status of your account and
portfolio. Once you've entered your TWS username, simply click the Req Account Value
button for each line of account information you want to view. The 32 lines in the Account
Values section will all be filled with values, from your Equity with Loan Value through your
margin and P&L values. The Account Portfolio section displays your portfolio for all of your
current positions.

In Summary
Well, you've done it. You've made your way through the DDE for Excel API spreadsheet, and
you're still alive to talk about it! And along the way you've created the beginnings of your own
Application Programming Interface. Hopefully you've also lain to rest some of the fears you
had about tackling this type of project. It's not so intimidating when you break it down and
take the time to focus on each piece separately.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 92

Where to Go from Here
5
If you've come this far and actually read the book, you now have a pretty decent grasp on
what the DDE API can do, and how to make it do some of the things you want. Now we'll
suggest some helpful outside resources you can use to help you keep moving forward.

Here's what you'll find in this section:

Chapter 22 - Additional Resources

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 93

 Where to Go from Here
Chapter 22 - Additional Resources

Chapter 22 - Additional Resources

There are many resources out there that will be adequate in getting you where you need to
go. If you have some books or places that you like, feel free to stick with them. The following
are the resources we find most helpful, and perhaps they'll be good to you, too!

Help with Visual Basic for Applications Programming

For VBA help, your primary and first best resource should be the VBA help that comes with the
program. To access this help, just press the F1 key from within the VBA. If you have a specific
word highlighted the help will be specific to that topic; otherwise you'll get the opening page in
the right pane, and a table of Contents, Answer Wizard and Index on the left. It's very well
organized, but the best feature is the context-sensitivity. If you become comfortable with this
tool you'll never be sorry.

For a broader view of VBA, a book might give you more. We recommend any of the following
publications, some more basic than others:

Walkenbach, John. Excel 2003 Power Programming with VBA. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley
Publishing, 2004.
Jacobson, Reed. Microsoft Excel 2002 Visual Basic for Applications Step-by-Step.
Redmond WA: Microsoft Press, 2001.
Bovey, Rob et al. Excel 2002 VBA: Programmers Reference. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley
Publishing, 2003.
Walkenbach, John. Excel VBA Programming for Dummies. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley
Publishing, 2004.

Help with the TWS API

For help specific to the Excel TWS API, the one best place to go, really the ONLY place to go, is
the Interactive Brokers website. Once you get there, you have lots of resources. Just type
www.interactivebrokers.com in your browser's address line. Now that you're there, let me tell
you where you can go.

Hold on - first we need to clarify to you that, as of this writing in November of 2006, the IB
website looks as we're describing. IB has a tendency to revamp the look and organization of
their site every year or two, so have a little patience if it looks slightly different from how it is
described in this book. Here are the best places to find API help:

The API Reference Guide

The API Reference Guide includes sections for each API technology, including the DDE for
Excel. The upper level topics which are shown directly below the main book are applicable
across the board to all or multiple platforms.

To access the API Reference Guide from the IB web site, select Application Programming from
the Software menu, then, then click the Proprietary API tab, then click Reference Guide.
Click the Online API Reference Guide button to open the online guide, which contains a
section devoted entirely to the DDE for Excel API.

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 Where to Go from Here
Chapter 22 - Additional Resources

The API Beta and API Production Release Notes

The beta notes are in a single page file, and include descriptions of any new additions to the
API (all platforms) that haven't yet been pushed to production. The API Release Notes opens
an index page that includes links to all of the past years' release notes pages. The index
provides one-line titles of all the features included in each release.

To access these notesrom the IB web site, select Application Programming from the Software
menu, then click the Proprietary API tab, then click either API Beta Notes or API Release
Notes.

The API Highlights

This publication is very high level and designed to touch upon some key features of the
different API platforms. It's most helpful as an aid in choosing the type of access technology
you'll use to design your API. But if you are not a programmer, you'll probably want to stick
with the DDE for Excel.

To view the API Highlights rom the IB web site, select Application Programming from the
Software menu, then click the Proprietary API tab. Click Getting Started Guide, then select
the API Highlights link in the text.

The TWS API Tour

The API tour presents a broad view of the API, its different access technologies, and a look at
the DDE for Excel API sample spreadsheet. IB provides a page with different teaching tour that
you can access from our web site. Click Education, select Interactive Tours, then select the
IB Application Program Interface Tour link.

The TWS API Webinars

IB hosts free online webinars through WebEx to help educate their customers and other
traders about the IB offerings. They present the API webinar about once per month, and have
it recorded on the website for anyone to listen to at any time.

To register for the API webinar, from the IB web site click Education, then select
Webinars. On the Live Webinars page, click the Application Program Interface tab,
then click the TWS Application Programming Interface (API) expandable topic. You will
find a brief description of the webinar, the date and time of the next presentation, and a
registration link.
To view the recorded version of the API webinar, from the Live Webinars page click
the Watch Previously Recorded Webinars button. Links to recorded versions of
previously recorded webinars are listed on the page.

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 Where to Go from Here
Chapter 22 - Additional Resources

API Customer Forums

You can trade ideas and send out pleas for help via the IB customer base accessible through
both the IB Bulletin Board and the Traders' Chat. The bulletin board includes a thread for the
API, and thus provides an ongoing transcript of questions and answers in which you might find
the answer to your question. The Traders' Chat is an instant-message type of medium and
doesn't retain any record of conversations.

"To view or participate in the IB Bulletin Board, go to the Education menu and click
Bulletin Boards & Chats. Click the Bulletin Board tab, then click the Launch IB
Discussion Forum button to access all of our bulletin boards, including the TWS API
bulletin board.
To participate in the Traders' Chat, you need to click the Chat icon from the menu bar
on TWS. Note that both of these customer forums are for IB customers only.

IB Customer Service

IB customers can also call or email customer service if you can't find the answer to your
question. However, IB makes it clear that the APIs are designed for use by programmers and
that their support in this area is limited. Still, the customer service crew is very knowledgeable
and will do their best to help resolve your issue. Simply send an email to:

api@interactivebrokers.com

IB Features Poll

The IB Features Poll lets IB customers submit suggestions for future product features, and
vote and comment on existing suggestions.

From the IB web site, click About IB, then select New Features Poll. Suggestions are listed by
category; click a plus sign next to a category to view all feature suggestions for that category.
To submit a suggestion, click the Submit Suggestion link.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 96

Appendix A - Extended Order
A
Attributes

Attribute Valid Values

timeInForce DAY
GTC
OPG
IOC

ocaGroup String
account The account number, used for institutional and advisor accounts.
open/close O, C (for institutions)
origin 0, 1 (for institutions)
orderRef String
transmit 0 (don't transmit)
1 (transmit)

Parent order String (the order ID used for the parent order, use for bracket and auto
Id trailing stop orders)
blockOrder 0 (not a block order)
1 (this is a block order)

sweepToFill 0 (not a sweep-to-fill order)

1 (this is a sweep-to-fill order)

displaySize String (publicly disclosed order size)

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 97

 Appendix A - Extended Order Attributes

Attribute Valid Values

triggerMethod Specifies how simulated Stop, Stop-Limit, and Trailing Stop orders are
triggered.
0 - the default value. The "double bid/ask" method will be used for orders
for OTC stocks and US options. All other orders will use the "last"
method.
1 - use "double bid/ask" method, where stop orders are triggered based
on two consecutive bid or ask prices.
2 - "last" method, where stop orders are triggered based on the last
price.
3 - "double-last" method, where stop orders are triggered based on last
two prices.
4 bid-ask method. For a buy order, a single occurrence of the bid
price must be at or above the trigger price. For a sell order, a single
occurrence of the ask price must be at or below the trigger price.
7 last-or-bid-ask method. For a buy order, a single bid price or the
last price must be at or above the trigger price. For a sell order, a single
ask price or the last price must be at or below the trigger price.
8 mid-point method, where the midpoint must be at or above (for a
buy) or at or below (for a sell) the trigger price, and the spread between
the bid and ask must be less than 0.1% of the midpoint.
Hidden Only valid for orders routed to Island.
0 - False
1 (order not visible when viewing market depth)
Discretionary Used in conjunction with a limit order to give the order a greater price
Amount range over which to execute.
Good After Enter the date and time after which the order will become active. Use the
Time format YYYYMMDD hh:mm:ss
Good 'Till The order continues working until the close of market on the date you
Date enter. Use the format YYYYMMDD. To specify a time of day to close the
order, enter the time using the format HH:MM:SS. Specify the time zone
using a valid three-letter acronym.
FA Group For Advisor accounts only. The name of the Account Group.
FA Method For Advisor accounts only. The share allocation method.
EqualQuantity
NetLiq
AvailableEquity
PctChange
FA Percentage For Advisor accounts only. The share allocation percentage.
FA Profile For Advisor accounts only. The name of the Share Allocation profile.
Short Sale For institutional accounts only; for SSHORT actions.
Slot 1 If you hold the shares
2 Shares will be delivered from elsewhere.
Short Sale If shares are delivered from elsewhere, enter where in a comma-
Location delimited list with no spaces. For institutional accounts only.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 98

 Appendix A - Extended Order Attributes

Attribute Valid Values

OCA Type 1 = Cancel on Fill with Block
2 = Reduce on Fill with Block
3 = Reduce on Fill without Block
Rule 80A Individual = 'I'
Agency = 'A',
AgentOtherMember = 'W'
IndividualPTIA = 'J'
AgencyPTIA = 'U'
AgentOtherMemberPTIA = 'M'
IndividualPT = 'K'
AgencyPT = 'Y'
AgentOtherMemberPT = 'N'
Settling Firm Institutions only
All or None 0 = false
1 = true
Minimum Qty Identifies the order as a minimum quantity order.
Percent Offset The percent offset for relative orders.
Electronic 0 = false
Trade Only 1 = true
Firm Quote 0 = false
Only 1 = true
NBBO Price Maximum SMART order distance from the NBBO.
Cap
Auction For BOX exchange only.
Strategy match = 1
improvement = 2
transparent = 3
Starting Price The starting price. For BOX orders only.
Stock Ref Used for VOL orders to compute the limit price sent to an exchange
Price (whether or not Continuous Update is used), and for price range
monitoring. Also used for price improvement option orders.
Delta The stock delta. For BOX orders only.
Stock Range The lower value for the acceptable underlying stock price range. For price
Lower improvement option orders on BOX and VOL orders with dynamic
management.
Stock Range The upper value for the acceptable underlying stock price range. For price
Upper improvement option orders on BOX and VOL orders with dynamic
management.
Volatility The option price in volatility, as calculated by TWS
' Option Analytics. This value is expressed as a percent and is used to
calculate the limit price sent to the exchange.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 99

 Appendix A - Extended Order Attributes

Attribute Valid Values

Volatility Type 1 = daily
2 = annual
Reference 1 = average
Price Type 2 = BidOrAsk
Hedge Delta Prior to TWS
Order Type Release 859, use "1" to send a market order, "0" for no order. After TWS
859, enter an accepted order type such as: MKT, LMT, REL.
Continuous 0 = false
Update 1 = true
Hedge Delta Enter the Aux Price for Hedge Delta order types that require one.
Aux Price
Trail Stop Used for Trailing Stop Limit orders only. This is the stop trigger price for
Price TRAILLIMIT orders.
Scale Num NO LONGER SUPPORTED
Components
Scale Used for Scale orders only, this value defines the order size of the each
Component order component.
Size
Scale Price Used for Scale orders only, this value is used to calculate the per-unit
Increment price of each component in the order. This cannot be a negative number.
Outside RTH 0 = false
1 = true

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 100
Appendix B - Account Page
B
Values

Field Description Notes

Account Code The account number.
Account Type Identifies the IB account type.
Accrued Cash Reflects the current month's accrued At the beginning of
debit and credit interest to date, updated each month, the past
daily. months accrual is
added to the cash
balance and this field is
zeroed out.
Available For securities:
Funds Equity with Loan Value - Initial margin
For commodities:
Net Liquidation Value - Initial margin
Buying Power Cash Account
:
(Minimum (Equity with Loan Value,
Previous Day Equity with Loan Value)-
Initial Margin)
Standard Margin Account
:
Available Funds*4
Cash Balance For securities:
Settled cash + sales at the time of trade
For commodities:
Settled cash + sales at the time of trade
+ futures PNL
Currency Shows the currency types that are listed
in the Market Value area.
Cushion Shows your current margin cushion.
Day Trades Number of day trades left for pattern day
Remaining trader period.
Day Trades The number of day trades you have left
Remaining for a 4-day pattern day-trader.
T+1, T+2,
T+3, T+4

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 101
 Appendix B - Account Page Values

Field Description Notes

Equity With For Securities:
Loan Value
Cash Account: Settled Cash
Margin Account:
Total cash value + stock value
+ bond value + (non-U.S. &
Canada securities options
value)
For Commodities:
Cash Account: Total cash value
+ commodities option value -
futures maintenance margin
requirement + minimum (0,
futures PNL)
Margin Account: Total cash
value + commodities option
value - futures maintenance
margin requirement
Excess Equity with Loan Value - Maintenance
Liquidity margin
Exchange Rate The exchange rate of the currency to
your base currency.
Full Available For securities:
Funds Equity with Loan Value - Initial margin
For commodities:
Net Liquidation Value - Initial margin
Full Excess Equity with Loan Value - Maintenance
Liquidity margin
Full Init Margin Overnight initial margin requirement in
Req the base currency of the account.
Full Maint Maintenance margin requirement as of
Margin Req next period's margin change in the base
currency of the account.
Future Option Real-time mark-to-market value of
Value futures options.
Futures PNL Real-time change in futures value since
last settlement.
Gross Position Long Stock Value + Short Stock Value +
Value Long Option Value + Short Option Value.
Init Margin Initial margin requirement in the base
Req currency of the account.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 102
 Appendix B - Account Page Values

Field Description Notes

Leverage For Securities:
Gross Position value / Net
Liquidation value
For Commodities:
Net Liquidation value - Initial
margin
Look Ahead For Securities:
Available
Equity with loan value - look
Funds
ahead initial margin.
For Commodities:
Net Liquidation value - look
ahead initial margin.
Look Ahead Equity with loan value - look ahead
Excess maintenance margin.
Liquidity
Look Ahead Initial margin requirement as of next
Init Margin period's margin change in the base
Req currency of the account.
Look Ahead Maintenance margin requirement as of
Maint Margin next period's margin change in the base
Req currency of the account.
Maint Margin Maintenance margin requirement in the
Req base currency of the account.
Net Liquidation For Securities:
Total cash value + stock value
+ securities options value +
bond value
For Commodities:
Total cash value +
commodities options value
Net Liquidation Same as above for individual currencies.
by Currency
Option Market Real-time mark-to-market value of
Value securities options.
PNL The difference between the current
market value of your open positions and
the average cost, or Value - Average
Cost.
Previous Day Marginable Equity with Loan Value as of
Equity with 16:00 ET the previous day, only
Loan Value applicable to securities.

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 103
 Appendix B - Account Page Values

Field Description Notes

Realized PnL Shows your profit on closed positions,
which is the difference between your
entry execution cost and exit execution
cost, or (execution price + commissions
to open the positions) - (execution price
+ commissions to close the position).
Reg T Equity Initial margin requirements calculated
under US Regulation T rules.
Reg T Margin For Securities:
Cash Account: Settled Cash
Margin Account: Total cash
value + stock value + bond
value + (non-U.S. & Canada
securities options value)
For Commodities:
Cash Account: Total cash value
+ commodities option value -
futures maintenance margin
requirement + minimum (0,
futures PNL)
Margin Account: Total cash
value - futures maintenance
margin requirement
SMA Max ((EWL - US initial margin Only applicable for
requirements)*, (Prior Day SMA +/- securities.
change in day's cash +/- US initial margin
requirements** for trades made during
the day.))
*calculated end of day under US Stock
rules, regardless of country of trading.
**at the time of the trade
Stock Market Real-time mark-to-market value of stock
Value
Total Cash Cash recognized at the time of trade +
Balance futures PNL
Total Cash Total cash value of stock, commodities
Value and securities

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 104
Index
A canceling historical data Extended Order Attributes
Account extended order requests 4-72 page 4-45
attribute 4-87 cancelling market depth 4-84 externded order attributes A-97
Account page 4-64 Clear All Links button 4-37
clearing 4-65 clearing account values 4-65 F
account page values B-101 clearing executions 4-61 FA account groups 4-88
account updates 4-65 clearing open orders 4-58 FA methods 4-88
action buttons 4-37 Combo Legs button 4-37, 4-40 FA orders 4-86
adding a ticker 4-42, 4-52 common action buttons 4-37 Features Poll 5-96
adding combo legs 4-40 conditional order, setting up 4-49 Financial Advisors 4-85
additional resources 5-94 Conditional Orders page 4-48 setting up orders for 4-86
Advanced Orders page Contract Details page 4-81 footnotes and references 1-9
adding a ticker 4-52 expired options 4-82
bracket orders 4-54 contract details, using on other H
trailing stop limit order pages 4-83 historical data
example 4-52 creating orders 4-42 bar size setting 4-70
Advisors page 4-85, 4-87 customer forums 5-96 Historical Data page 4-68
allocation profile 4-89 customer service 5-96 requesting historical data 4-69
fields 4-90 historical data parameters 4-69
setting up orders using account D historical data results 4-72
groups 4-88 DDE for Excel API how to use this book 1-8
allocating all shares to a single additional resources 5-94
account 4-87 preparing to use 3-23 I
allocation profile 4-89 reasons for using 2-21 IB bulletin boards 5-96
API supported market IB Customer Service 5-96
reasons for using 2-18 scanners 4-76 icons used in this book 1-10
API beta notes 5-95 supported order types 4-43 installing API software 3-27
API connection to TWS DDE for Excel spreadsheet introduction 1-7
enabling 3-30 starting up 3-31
API Highlights 5-95 defining a ticker 4-39
document conventions 1-11
L
API Reference Guide 5-94
logging in to TWS 3-28
API release notes 5-95 downloading API software 3-24, 3-28
API software
downloading 3-24, 3-28 E M
installing 3-27 macros
elements of a market scan 4-74
API support email 5-96 used on Open Orders page 4-59
enable API connection in TWS 3-30
API webinars 5-95 market data 4-40
execution reports
available market scanners 4-76 Market Depth
Order ID
requesting market depth 4-84
4-63 Market Depth page 4-84
B Order Ref market scan results 4-80
bar size setting 4-63 deleting 4-80
in historical data queries 4-70
Strategy Market Scanner page 4-73
Basic Orders page 4-41
4-63 elements of a scan 4-74
adding a ticker 4-42
VOL order subscribing to market
creating orders 4-42
scanners 4-74
order status fields 4-44 4-63
supported market
Bond Contract Details page 4-82 Executions page 4-60
scanners 4-76
bracket orders 4-54 clearing 4-61
subscribing to executions 4-61
N
C Exeuctions Reporting page 4-63
expired options 4-82 named ranges
canceling a market scanner
extended order attributes 4-46 for account update results 4-65
subscription 4-80

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 105
 Index

for execution results 4-61 setting up the sample spreadsheet 3-31

for open orders results 4-58 Show Bulletins button 4-37
Show Errors button 4-37
O Strategy execution report 4-63
Old Style Account-Portfolio page 4-92 subscribing to account updates 4-65
Old Style Executions page 4-92 subscribing to executions 4-61
Open Orders page 4-57 subscribing to market scanners 4-74
clearing 4-58 subscribing to open orders 4-58
macros on 4-59 subscribing to portfolio updates 4-67
subscribing to open orders 4-58
Order ID execution report 4-63 T
Order ref execution report 4-63 tickers
order status fields 4-44 adding to Basic Orders page 4-42
order types 4-43 Tickers page 4-38
orders, creating 4-42 creating a group combination strategy 4-40
organization of this book 1-8 defining a ticker 4-39
requesting market data 4-40
P tours 5-95
pages in the spreadsheet 4-35 Trader Workstation
Parent Order Id 4-54 overview 2-14
placing orders 4-41 trading window 2-16
Portfolio page 4-67 trailing stop limit orders 4-52
preparing to use the DDE for Excel API 3-23 Transmit 4-54
programming resources 5-94 TWS
logging in 3-28
R real-time account monitoring in 2-17
real-time account monitoring, in TWS 2-17 TWS and the API 2-18
reasons for using an API 2-18 TWS login box options 3-30
reasons for using DDE for Excel API 2-21 TWS Order Ticket 2-16
Request Contract Details button 4-81 TWS overview 2-14, 2-16
requesting historical data 4-69 TWS Quote Monitor 2-16
requesting market data 4-40
requesting market depth 4-84 U
user name
S entering in spreadsheet 3-31
sample spreadsheet using this book 1-8
connecting to TWS 3-31 document conventions 1-11
overview of pages 4-33, 4-35 icons 1-10
setting up 3-31 organization 1-8
Tickers page 4-38
Set Log Level button 4-37 V
Set Processing Rate button 4-37 Visual Basic programming resources 5-94
Set Refresh Rate button 4-37 VOL order execution report 4-63
setting up conditional orders 4-49

Getting Started with the TWS DDE for Excel API 106