Drip irrigation is used on farms both large and small, in vineyards, home gardens, nurseries,

urban balconies and rooftops all over the world. When DripWorks began selling drip
irrigation products back in 1992, people were spraying their valuable water into the wind, or
flood irrigating with uneven results. DripWorks has been an innovative leader as demand for
and popularity of drip irrigation has boomed.

What are the benefits of Drip Irrigation?

Water: Drip irrigation is the most efficient method of watering today.

• Places a precise amount of water where you need it

• Prevents overwatering
• Results in less weeding
• Conserves water Drip Irrigation Uses
• Saves money 30-50% Less Water

Time: Installing a drip system will not only save you water, but time.

• Eliminates hours of hand watering

• Can be fully automated with a timer
• Reduces weeding time Drip Irrigation Saves
You Time
Versatility: Drip irrigation systems can be used just about anywhere.

• Gardens, vineyards, greenhouses, row crops

• Existing landscapes
• Hillsides or flat terrain
• Long lasting and adaptable Drip Irrigation is
Versatile

2
 Ancient Drip Irrigation
The origins of irrigation can be traced back to the ancient
Egyptians, who in the 6th millenium BCE developed the
technique known as “flood irrigation” by creating a
network of canals to channel water from the Nile to their
gardens. There is also evidence of irrigation systems
arising in China during the same period and subsequently
in the Andes of Peru during the 4th millenium BCE and
parts of ancient India in the 3rd millenium BCE.

Reference to the use of buried porous clay pots that wept

water into the surrounding soil goes back thousands of
years in Egypt and China, and is considered the first form
of drip or trickle irrigation (aka micro-irrigation).

Modern Drip Irrigation

The roots of modern day drip irrigation (pardon the pun)
can be traced to 1860, when systems of clay pipes were
developed in Germany for combination drainage/irriga-
tion systems, used soon after in Afghanistan in 1866. In
the 1920’s this idea was expanded upon (again in Germa-
ny) utilizing a system of perforated clay pipes. The use of
plastics after WWII led to the invention of plastic pipes
with long flow paths by Australian Hannis Thill and a de-
cade later to the development of the first plastic emitter
by Simcha Blass of Israel.

Though many point to one person or another as the “Father of Drip Irrigation”, it is clear that the road to
present day drip irrigation method was built by more than one individual. As Dr. Daniel Hillel, recipient of the
2012 World Food Prize for his role in conceiving and implementing improved methods of food production
with “micro-irrigation”, said: “No one person invented drip irrigation.”

Present Day Drip Irrigation

Today there is a huge variety of drip irrigation methods from which to choose: individual emitters and drip-
pers, misters, micro-sprayers, mini-sprinklers, emitter tubings, and drip tapes. In addition, there is an entire
realm of filters, pressure regulators, water timers, fertilizer injectors, tools, and accessories available to help
install and maintain a drip irrigation system.

With drought in many parts of the country a serious issue, drip irrigation has become even more relevant. If
you’re looking for a way to take action and reduce your water consumption, there is no quicker way to see
results than installing a drip irrigation system. Drip irrigation will save you water time and money.

3
Before Getting Started
Like all industries, drip irrigation has terms which can be confusing, especially to the beginner. Here are a
few common terms you may find in this guide, our catalog, and on our website.

Glossary of Terms
Flow: 1) The amount of water available for the drip system expressed in gallons per hour (GPH) or gallons
per minute (GPM). Flow is a determining factor in how many plants (or how large an area) can be
watered at one time.
2) The total amount of water moving through the system as it exits emission devices.

Pressure: Measured in pounds per square inch, or PSI, pressure is the force pushing the flow of water. Your
pressure can be determined by using a pressure gauge.

Constant Pressure: In a drip irrigation system, the condition that occurs when the spigot or
valve is left open, leaving any downstream devices-timers, filters, regulators, tubing, fittings, and
emitters-under constant pressure.

Dynamic Pressure: The fluctuating pressure that occurs within a drip irrigation system when valves are
opened and closed and emitters turned on and off.

Water Source: Where the water originates. This can be a municipal system, a well, a pond, spring, or stream.

Point of Connection: Also known as a POC, your point of connection will be a spigot, hydrant, gate valve, or
other connection that brings the water into your watering area.

Filter: A device used to remove particles from the water that might otherwise clog your emitters. Many
water sources, especially municipal systems, are relatively free of debris. However, we still recommend
filtration to ensure consistent, trouble-free operation of your system.

Zoning: The division of a drip irrigation system into areas that require similar watering rates or that would
exceed the available flow of the system if watered together.

Mainline: Polyethylene tubing used to carry water from your POC to and throughout your drip system.

Branch Line: Polyethylene tubing that attaches to the mainline to bring water to an individual plant or to a
zone. Branch tubing is generally ¼” or ½” tubing.

Pressure Compensating: (PC) emitters distribute water equally throughout the whole system regardless of
row length (within limits) and elevation changes. PC products come as drippers, sprayers, or sprinklers.

For expanded definitions and other drip irrigation terms, visit our online glossary.

4
Getting Started
If you’re new to drip irrigation and wondering how to get started, we highly recommend one of our
complete kits. Most kits are available in Economy, Standard, and Deluxe versions (unless otherwise stated)
and each kit is designed for a specific purpose. Everything required is included for you to quickly install a
drip system .
Drip Tape Row
Drip Row Crop Tape Kit Crop Kit

These kits use drip tape, an extremely efficient product that works
best for long rows on terrain that is relatively flat. All of these
low-flow Drip Tape Kits use longer-lasting, 15 mil tape with emitters
spaced every 8” and will cover from 200’-4000’ . If you have row crops

these kits are definitely what you need.

Header Add-On Kits are available in 1/2” and 3/4” versions to make
dividing your system into separate watering zones quick and easy.

Garden Bed
Irrigation Kit
Garden Bed Kit
As the name implies, this kit is perfect for framed or unframed
garden beds. These kits use Soaker Dripline, 1/4” tubing with
factory-installed emitters spaced at 12”. Soaker Dripline is one of the
most versatile drip irrigation products you’ll ever use. This product is
very flexible, and can be configured to accomodate a wide range of
situations. Often used to water short rows in a bed, it can also be
circled around a potted plant or spiraled around a small tree or
shrub. Being a non-pressure compensating product, it can operate
down to 2 PSI, making it ideal for low pressure and gravity fed
watering situations.

Deck Garden Kit Deck Garden

Irrigation Kit

The deck garden kit includes both 1/4” Soaker Dripline with emitters
spaced every 12” and 1/2 GPH Pot Drippers. This combination of
products can be used to water both large and small planter boxes
and containers on a porch or deck. Whether your deck area has just a
few flower pots or an entire kitchen garden these kits include
everything you need to water 45 to 280 containers of varying sizes.

5
 Rose & Shrub
Rose & Shrub Kit Irrigation Kit

The Rose & Shrub Kit utilizes PC (Pressure-Compensating)

Shrubblers to insure even watering at all points within your drip
irrigation system. Mounted on convenient stakes, these emitters
are easy to install and virtually maintenance free. At 30 PSI they
output 8 GPH via 8 “fingers” of water that are emitted in a 12”
diameter pattern. As with all our kits, everything you need to
water your roses or shrubs is included.

Individual Plant Kit

Whether you’re looking to water a group of containers or

individual landscape plantings, this kit will meet your needs.
Using a variety of 1 GPH, 2 GPH, and 4 GPH Take-Apart-Emitters
(aka “Flag Emitters”), the Individual Plant Kit will water from 60 to
240 plants, depending on which version you choose. If you have
lots of individual plantings scattered about, this is the kit for you.

Greenhouse Misting Kit

Designed to cover two 4’ x 10’ tables, the Greenhouse Misting Kit is

ideal for seed propagation, foliar watering, and cooling. Each of the
ten misters includes an anti-drip device to prevent dripping after
the water is turned off. Like our other kits, this one has everything
to get your greenhouse going. Though only one version of this kit
is currently available, it is easily expandable from 10 to 40 misters.

6
DIY (Drip Irrigation Your Way)
Maybe you’re the hands on type or you have some experience with drip irrigation but need
more guidance than a brief product description and a few specs. If so, this next section is for
you.

Step 1: Gather Information

1. Every drip irrigation system has a water source; municipal, well, pond, creek, stream, or ir-
rigation ditch. If your answer is anything other than municipal, emitter clogging particulates
may be a factor. Though we recommend a screen filter for any system, if your water source
has high levels of algae or other organic matter, a disc filter may be required.

2. What is your point of connection (POC)? In most backyard gardens it will likely be some
type of hose thread faucet, tap, or spigot. But if it’s a hydrant, ball valve, or gate valve it may
be a pipe thread connection. You’ll need to know.

3. What area(s) do you want to water? A sketch of the garden should include distances from
POC’s to your watering areas. (it doesn’t have to be fancy). This will help determine the
amount of mainline and number of branch lines you need.

4. What is your flow rate. Knowing your flow rate is critical to sizing your system (knowing
the pressure at your POC is also extremely helpful) . Determining Your
Flow Rate

Seconds to fill a 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
*1 Gallon Container
GPH 720 600 514 450 400 360 327 300 277 257

* If filling a 5 gallon container multiply the GPH x 5

5. What will you be watering? Different plants have different watering requirements. Know-
ing what you are watering will be a determining factor in choosing what emitters will best
suit your needs.

To determine the flow in gallons per minute (GPM) and per hour (GPH):
Place a 1 or 5-gallon container beneath the water source outlet, open the valve completely,
and time the number of seconds it takes to fill the container.
(60 seconds per minute/ number of seconds to fill) x (number of gallons) = GPM

Or, use our online Flow Calculator.

7
Soil Types

Clay

Loam
Sand

Soil type is another factor that will determine what type of emitters you need. There are
three main soil types, Clay, Loam, and Sand, each with a different absorption rate.

Clay absorbs water slowly, causing it to spread on the surface and form a roughly inverted
cone shape below ground. For that reason, watering slowly with a 0.5 GPH
emitter is best to achieve efficient penetration in clayey soils.

Loam absorbs water at an even rate, usually forming a cone-shaped

pattern as it spreads below ground. A 0.5-1 GPH emitter is usually sufficient for loamy soils.

Sand absorbs water quickly in an almost straight down pattern. In most cases a 1-2 GPH
emitter will provide the right amount of water to insure root coverage in sandy soils.

8
Step 2: Select Your Products
Use the following information to determine the type of drip system that is most appropri-
ate for your garden. When selecting products for your system there are a few things to take
into consideration, such as soil types and plant watering needs. For questions on a particular
plant’s needs, consult a local nursery or contact a horticulturalist.
Basic Drip Emitters are lower cost and their flow will vary slightly depending on
pressure. At low pressures basic emitters will flow more consistently than
Pressure Compensating emitters. These emitters are used to water
individual plants.

Pressure Compensating (PC) Emitters deliver a precise amount of water. They

flow consistently from one emitter to the next regardless of changes in pressure
or elevation. These emitters are self-flushing which makes them less likely to
clog. Use these emitters to water individual plants.

¼” Soaker Dripline is a non-pressure compensating product that consists of ¼” poly

tubing with built-in emitters spaced every 6, 9, or 12 inches. Its recommended use is in
shorter garden beds and containers. Use for square foot gardening or in densely planted
areas. This product is highly effective in lower pressure systems.

½” Inline Emitter Tubing consists of ½” poly tubing with built-in PC emitters. It is offered in a
variety of spacing options and can be used in long rows, on uneven ground, and on hillsides.
Use in densely planted areas or circle around root zones to water trees.

Drip Tape is best for long, straight row crops. It is the most economical way to water your
plants and is easy to install and maintain.

Sprayers, sprinklers, and misters are used to distribute water over larger areas and work best
for groundcovers and densely planted beds.
Orbit
Pop Up Bubbler Shrubbler Spectrum
(Non-PC) Sprayer

Ein Dor Mini-Jet

Micro-Jet C-Frame
Downspray MP Rotator
K-Rain Rotator

9
Step 3: Design a Drip System
Now that you have made a sketch of your garden and have chosen the products that fit your
needs, another key factor in designing your drip system is your available flow. Flow will
determine the number of plants or areas which can be watered at any given time.

Example: Let’s assume an available flow rate of 240 gallons per hour (GPH). This means you
can use up to 240 emitters with a 1 GPH output or 480 emitters that output .5 GPH.

In addition to flow, it is helpful to know your water pressure—the force behind the flow. If
your water pressure exceeds what your drip system needs or can handle, a pressure regulator
will be required. A pressure regulator reduces incoming water pressure. See page 7 for
instructions on how to determine your flow.

Design Based on the

Economy Garden Bed Kit (KGB1)

1/4” Soaker Dripline

1/4” Blank Tubing

Figure 8 End
1/4” Soaker Dripline
1/4” Hold Downs 1/2” Mainline tubing

1/4” Transfer Barb 1/4” Goof Plug 1/4” Blank Tubing

FLO
W
1/4” Soaker Dripline

Filter

PSI Regulator
1/2” Tee 1/2” Hold Downs
1/2” Hose Start

Turning Your Garden Sketch into Reality

After looking over the initial sketch (page 7) and considering the available drip irrigation
products (page 5), 1/4” Soaker Dripline seems most suitable for a small garden of this type.
The Garden Bed Economy Kit (KGB1) includes a 100’ roll of Soaker Dripline with emitters
spaced every 12”. This versatile product is ideal for the mixture of short rows, containers, and
small shrubs we find in this situation and the kit includes everything required to quickly get
your garden up and running.

10
 Typical backyard garden hose threaded start
To automate this
system add a
Screen Filter timer between
Removes sediment and other particles the spigot and
large enough to clog emitters. the filter.

PSI Regulator
Reduces incoming water pressure which is
sometimes too high for drip irrigation systems.

Female Hose Start

FL
OW

Attaches the mainline to the last hose

threaded connection in the sequence.

Mainline Tubing
Carries the water throughout the drip
irrigation system to attached emitters,
emitter tubing, drip tape, sprayers,
sprinklers, and other watering products.

Installation Tips
• Before rolling out the mainline, warm the roll of tubing in the sun or inside the house to
make it more pliable

• When installing your drip lines, consider mulching over them. This will increase the tubing’s
lifespan and help protect it from environmental hazards.

• Once the mainline and supply lines are installed, it is recommended that you flush your
lines with clean water for a minute or two (you can collect and reuse it!) before installing
emitters or bringing the system up to pressure. This will remove any debris in the lines.

• Add a backflow prevention device. Local codes often require a backflow prevention device
to protect your personal and municipal water supply from contamination.

•Automate your system with a battery (DC) or electric (AC) timer. How to Use
Easy Loc
Fittings
11
Determining the number of watering zones
The number of zones required is determined by available flow and/or the watering needs
of different planting groups that require their own watering zone. For instance, if your
1/2” mainline tubing, which carries about 240 GPH, is feeding emitters with a total flow of
325 GPH, the system should be divided into 2 watering zones.
1/2” Easy Loc x 1/2” FPT
Header Packages
Headers quickly divide your system
into zones by creating submains.
1/2” Easy Loc x 1/2” MPT
Available in 1/2” or 3/4” - Tubing not included

The Galcon Alternator Valve 1/2”Easy Loc Elbow

The alternator valve makes it fast and 1/2” Figure 8 End
easy to divide your flow into two zones.

Galcon Alternator
Spigot
Valve
Filter
FLOW
Regulator

Female Hose Start

Zone 1 Zone 2

End Cap Mainline End Cap

Valves
Drip Tape System
Divided into 2 Zones

Drip Tape

Drip Tape
End Plug

12
 Emitter Tubing (DET) Connections
240 GPH

1/2” x 1/2” x 1/2” Easy Loc (ELT) DripWorks

Pros: Cons: ec d

R
o m mend e

!
• Highest Flow Rate • Higher Cost
• Most Stable • Multiple Points of Connection
• Most Versatile

160 GPH

1/2” Easy Loc x .400” Barb (EL38B )

Pros: Cons:
.400” Barbed Fittings • Higher Flow Rate (than EL14B) • Less Stable (than ELT) Easy Loc
require 3/4” or larger End Cap
• Single Point of Connection • Less Versatile (than ELT)
mainline tubing
• Shut off single line (ELV400B) • Requires a .400” Punch
1/2“ Easy Loc x .400” Barb w/Valve (ELV400B)

160 GPH

80 GPH

1/2” Easy Loc x 1/4” Barb (EL14B)

Pros: Cons:
• Lower Cost • Low Flow Rate
• Single Point of Connection • Less Stable (than ELT)

1/2” emitter tubing is available with a variety of spacings, roll lengths and the 9” and
12” spacing offer 1/2 GPH or 1 GPH options.
13
 1/2” Emitter Tubing
Around a Tree

1/2” Mainline 1/2” Emitter Tubing

Hold Down Stakes

1/2” Tee

1/2” End Fitting

1/2” Emitter Tubing in a
Framed and Raised Bed
1/2” Easy Loc
End Cap

1/2” Emitter Tubing

1/4” x Easy Loc
Start Fitting
1/2” Easy Loc
End Cap

1/2” elbow fitting (ELL)

1/2” support clamp (S12SC)

1/2” inline valve (ELV12)

*Components are dependent on available flow
and pressure. Check individual specifications.
of Flow
c tion
1/2” supply line (12100) Dire

1/2” tee fitting (ELT)

14
 Drip Tape Connections
80 GPH

Tape Loc x 1/4” Barb (LSB)

Pros: Cons: Drip Tape
• Lowest Cost • No Shutoff End Plug

• Lower Flow (than LSB400)

80 GPH

Tape Loc x 1/4” Barb w/ Valve (LSBSO)

Pros: Cons:
• Shutoff Valve • Higher Cost (than LSB)
• Lower Flow (than LSB400)

160 GPH

Tape Loc x .400” Barb (LSB400)

Pros: Cons: Drip Tape
• Higher Flow (than LSB) • Higher Cost End Cap
• Requires Special Punch
.400” Barbed Fittings
require 3/4” or larger
• No Shutoff
mainline tubing

A Tape Loc x .400 w/Valve and Tape Loc x .420 Barb w/Grommet (for PVC).
More Tape Loc Fittings are available online.
15
1/4” & 1/8” Connections
Flow depends on
emitter spacing
(1/4” Soaker Dripline Shown)
1/4” Transfer Barb (14TB)
1/4” End Plug
Pros: Cons: or Emitter
• Inexpensive • Limited Flow

30 GPH
(1/4” Blank Tubing Shown)
1/4” Long Transfer Barb (14LTB)
Pros: Cons:
• Inexpensive • Limited Flow
• Easier to Grip (than 14TB)

15 GPH
(1/8” Blank Tubing Shown)
1/8” Transfer Barb (18TB) Emitter
(No 1/8” End
Pros: Cons: Plug Available)
• Very Inexpensive • Requires 1/8” punch
• Very Low Flow
• Limited Applications

Other 1/4” Fittings

1/4” Tee (14T) 1/4” Elbow (1490) 1/4” Cross (14X)

More tubing and fitting options are available online.

16
1/4” Soaker Dripline in a
Raised and Framed Bed
1/4” end fitting (14GP2)

1/4” soaker dripline

1/4” transfer barb (14TB-10)

1/2” end fitting (CF8)

1/2” elbow fitting (ELL)

1/2” support clamp (S12SC)

1/2” inline valve (ELV12)

*Components are dependent on available flow
and pressure. Check individual specifications.
w
nof Flo
1/2” supply line (12100) irectio
D

1/2” tee fitting (ELT)

1/4” Soaker Dripline

in a Container

1/4” Soaker Dripline

1/4” End Plug 1/4” Elbow

1/4” Tubing

1/4” Transfer Barb Mainline

17
1/4” Soaker Dripline around
a Small Tree or Bush

1/4” Soaker Dripline 1/4” End Plug

1/2” Mainline
1/4” Transfer Barb

1/4” Soaker Dripline

in a Planter Box

1/4” Elbow 1/4” Soaker Dripline 1/4” End Plug

1/4” Transfer Barb Mainline

18
 Basic Emitters
(Non-pressure-compensating)
Take-Apart Emitters have a locking cap that can be removed for cleaning.
The 1/4” barb inlet can be inserted into a hole punched into mainline
tubing or attached to the end of 1/4” micro tubing. The beveled barb end
is the inlet and the flag end is the outlet. 1/4” micro tubing can also be
attached to the outlet of the emitter to reach plants that are farther away.
Available in 1 GPH, 2 GPH, and 4 GPH models.

1/4” Tubing

1/2” Mainline Tubing

1/4” Bug Plug

The Mini-Quart Dripper is a special low flow dripper that works great
for smaller containers and xeriscape plantings. It is the lowest flow non
pressure-compensating emitter we offer. This emitter has a threaded base
which can be inserted directly into mainline tubing or into the end of 1/8”
or 1/4” micro tubing.
1/4” Tubing

1/2” Mainline Tubing 1/4” Transfer Barb

Shrubblers® emit streams of water that can be adjusted from 0-24” di-
ameter (we recommend 15”). This large spray pattern covers the root
zone and helps to water in fertilizers and nutrients. They are adaptable to
different sizes of plants and changing water needs. Shrubblers® can be
individually shut off with a simple twist of the cap.
Also available mounted on a 5” stake.

Open Closed

19
If you have a very dirty water supply (pond or irrigation ditch) where a fine screen
filter clogs quickly, this may be the answer. Use a coarse screen filter (30-50 mesh)
for large particles and the Non-Stop Emitter will pass particles that would plug
almost any drip emitter. A minimum of 15 PSI is required for these emitters to work
properly. Use at the end of 1/4” tubing or installed directly into the mainline. Will
emit 1 GPH at 20 PSI.

1/4” Tubing

1/2” Mainline Tubing

1/4” Transfer Barb

Use these Mini-Inline Drippers when you want to make your own inline emit-
ter tubing out of 1/4” micro tubing. Great for unevenly spaced plants, or where
multiple emitters are needed for larger plants. It’s also easy to add these drip
emitters into existing 1/4” lines at any time.

1/4” End Plug 1/4” Tubing

1/2” Mainline Tubing 1/4” Transfer Barb

Pot Drippers are basic drip emitters with a 2” hold down stake and a 1/4”
threaded inlet. The attached 2” stake pins them securely in place with-
out the need for wire hold down stake. Pot Drippers are great for small
to medium size containers.
1/4” Tubing

1/4” Transfer Barb 1/2” Mainline Tubing

20
 Pressure-Compensating Emitters
These Woodpeckers are heavy duty pressure compensating emitters.
They have been the product of choice for many years in the rugged
vineyards of Northern California. They have a 1/4” inlet and outlet and
their EPDM rubber diaphragm is the largest available and least likely to
plug. Pressure range is 10-50 PSI.

1/4” Tubing 1/4” Transfer Barb

3 Ways To Install
a Woodpecker or
Woodpecker Jr

1/2”Mainline Tubing *1/4” Bug Plug

*Optional
Woodpecker Jr. emitters are designed specifically for even watering
and are perfect for commercial applications. They have a non-draining
check valve that opens and closes at 7 PSI. Every emitter in the system
starts and stops at the same time giving off the same amount of water
to prevent under or over watering at the beginning and ends of the
lines (or in low areas of the system). They have a 1/4” inlet and outlet
and a pressure range of 10 - 50 PSI.

The low-flow, pressure compensating Sideout Dripper has an internal

diaphragm and check valve which allow for consistent flow rates at higher
pressures. The check valve ensures that all emitters on the line open up at
the same time (when the pressure reaches 10 PSI) and close at the same
time (3 PSI). Their pressure compensating range is 20 - 50 PSI and their
flow rate is 1/4 gallon per hour (GPH). They have a 1/4” barbed inlet that
allows them to be inserted directly into the mainline tubing or at the end
of 1/4” micro tubing and a 1/8” barbed outlet so 1/4” or 1/8” micro tubing
can be attached to reach plants that are farther away from the mainline.

1/4” Tubing

No 1/8”
Plug Available

1/2” Mainline Tubing

*1/4” Bug Plug

*Optional
21
 Vibra-Clean emitters have a low profile to help protect against damage
from weed-whackers and foot traffic, making them ideal for commercial
landscape plantings. The screened inlet resists clogging and the tapered
base allows for easy insertion and the DOVTOOL saves time, effort, and
your fingers!

1/2” Mainline Tubing

The Pressure Compensating Shrubbler has a gentle flow action with uniform
coverage for all emitters on the same supply tubing line. Although these are
pressure compensating, there is some variation due to pressure. They have a
fixed flow rate, a colored cap for easy identification, and can be taken apart for
easy cleaning. Pressure range is 10 to 50 PSI. Also available on a 5” stake.
1/4” Tubing
1/4” Transfer Barb

PC Shrubbler

1/2” Mainline Tubing

The Pinch Drip emitter lays flat on the mainline tubing so that it’s not
easily damaged. They are designed for easy “finger or thumb installation”.
The emitters have a 1/4” barbed inlet and a 1/4” nipple outlet and can be
used in containers, on patios and in landscapes. They are UV stabilized for
longevity and have a self-flushing turbulent flow emitter.
Pressure range is 10 to 50 PSI

1/4” Tubing 1/4” Transfer Barb

Pinch
Emitter

1/2” Mainline Tubing 1/4” Bug Plug

CETA PC Emitters are pressure compensating emitters that come apart for
easy cleaning. They are available in 3 different flows and they have 1/4”
barbs on the inlet and outlet. All of these emitters operate in a pressure
range of 10 to 50 PSI. Also available on 4” stake.
1/4” Tubing 1/4” Transfer Barb

CETA PC
Emitters
1/2” Mainline Tubing 1/4” Bug Plug
22
PC Emitters on Stakes

PC Shrubbler
The Pressure Compensating Shrubbler has a gentle flow action with
uniform coverage for all emitters on the same supply tubing line.
Although these are pressure compensating, there is some variation
depending on your starting pressure.

PC Shrubbler Cobra Stake Emitter

The Cobra Stake Drip Emitter is a landscape
spike dripper that delivers precise amounts of
water directly to the root zone of the plant. It
also commonly used for watering small to
medium size containers, balled root stock, and
landscape applications.

Cobra Stake
Drip Emitter

CETA Inline Emitter

These are the only in-line emitters available that are pressure
compensating. They are exactly the same as the CETA PC emitters
above, but are on 4” stakes. The in-line emitters are all 1 GPH and they
can be taken apart for easy cleaning. They have 1/4” barbs on the inlet
and outlets. Up to 15 of these in-line emitters can be run on a single
line of 1/4” tubing. All of these emitters operate in a pressure range of
10 to 50 PSI.

CETA PC Inline
Emitters
23
Support Stakes for Sprinklers, Sprayers, & Misters
Supernet Stake Press-Fit Support Stakes
This 13” blue stake is designed These complete press-fit support
to elevate and support a assemblies are used to elevate
Supernet Sprinkler Assembly press-fit spinklers (Ein Dor, Wing, or
Tornado Misters) above your
plantings. They include a plastic stake
or metal rod, press-fit bridge, 1/4”
tubing, and a transfer barb.

Plastic Stake Assembly Shown

With a length of Rigid Riser or 1/4” tubing the stakes below will accomodate Mini-Jets, Micro Jets, and
Vari-Rotors as well as the base versions of the Spectrum Sprayer, Bubbler, and Shrubblers.
They will also support Mini-Misters, Tornado Misters, and Cool Breeze Misters

Straight Stake Clip Stake

The main body of this stake has This plastic stake has a clip to
a groove which will hold either hold either Rigid Risers or 1/4”
our 1/4” polyethylene tubing or tubing. The clip has an outside
Rigid Risers (will not work with diameter of .285 “, slightly over
our 1/4” vinyl tubing). This design 1/4” (.250”). If needed, a single
makes the stake less visible and course of tape around the 1/4”
thus more attractive in flower and tubing will create a snug fit.
show gardens.

Elbow Stake Angle Stake

This 7” stake has a control valve to Use a short length of Rigid Riser
easily adjust the flow and distance or 1/4” tubing (up to 2”) to con-
of spray from a Mini Jet sprayer or nect a mister or sprayer to the
any other sprayer. The threaded top of these stakes. Attach to the
top accepts a short length of 1/4” mainline with 1/4” tubing and a
tubing or Rigid Riser between the 1/4” transfer barb.
stake and the sprayer. Barb on the
side accepts 1/4” tubing from the
mainline.

24
Using the Manifold Start Valve and Add-on Valve
Brass Adapter FHT x 3/4” FPT Manifold Tee
High Pressure
Hose Extension
Reducing Nipple Manifold Cap
1” MPT x 3/4” MPT
3/4” Baccara Valve

Adapter MPT x MHT

Parts included in the Manifold Start Kit Parts included in the Manifold Add-on Kit

Manifold Start and Manifold Add-on

*High Pressure in a Constant Pressure Setup
Hose Extension
Limit Valve Manifold Tee
Constant Pressure Filter
Manifold Cap

Brass Adapter Reducing Nipple

FHT x 3/4” FPT 3/4” Baccara Valve

Adapter MPT x MHT

For a constant pressure setup, insert
a constant pressure filter and limit Female Hose Start
valve at this point
Manifold Start and 3 Manifold Add-on Valves
*High Pressure in a Constant Pressure Setup
Hose Extension
Limit Valve Manifold Tee Manifold Cap
Constant Pressure Filter

Reducing Nipple
Brass Adapter
FHT x 3/4” FPT

Adapter MPT x MHT

Female Hose Start 3/4” Baccara Valve
*Note: The factory-installed brass adapter on the hose extension is tightly threaded. If
desired, the constant pressure filter and limit valve can be installed before the hose extension.
25
Greenhouse Overhead Misting Setup
1/2” End Cap
trellis wire trellis hanger (STRE) (ELMC)
1/2” Elbow (ELL)
Anti-drip Misting
Assembly

28” Suggested
Clearance

1/2” Tubing (12100)

1/2” Elbow (ELL)

Greenhouse Watering Options

There are several product options to consider when setting
up a greenhouse watering system. Inverted Tornado Misters or
Ein Dor Mini-Sprinklers are a great choice for small to medium size Barbed Insert
greenhouses. Inverted Mini-Wobblers are designed to water larger (MEBARB)
greenhouses. 4-way Foggers and Tornado Misters are ideal for seed
propagation and boosting humidity in any size greenhouse.
Anti-drip
(MEAD)
Seed Propagation Tip
If the distance between the propagation table and the misters
is too great or alignment becomes a problem, the mister can Tornado Mister
be extended by inserting a transfer barb and a length of flexible (MTFBPR)
1/4” vinyl tubing between the overhead supply line and the
misting assembly then hanging a weight from the line. Anti-drip
Misting Assembly
26
 Sprinkler to Drip Conversion
8-Way 1/4” Manifold
(RMAN8)
Hose x 1/2” MPT Adapter
(HFAA9012)
Filter/Regulator Hose Start
(FPR17) (HSO)

Wrap pipe threads

with Teflon tape

Wrap pipe threads

with Teflon tape

8-Way Sprinkler to Drip Conversion Kit (KVC1)

This sprinkler to drip kit converts a single pop-up sprinkler head to drip irrigation. The filter/
pressure regulator unit has a 1/2” FPT inlet that connects to a 1/2” MPT riser and a fully
adjustable manifold to direct the flow through eight separate 1/4” outlets for an almost
endless variety of configurations. Ideal for any combination of containers, spot gardens, herb
beds, or isolated plantings. An internal screen filter protects against clogging downstream
and a master shutoff valve and individual shutoffs at each outlet give complete flow control.
Can expanded to cover double the area.
27
 Sprinkler to Drip Conversion

Filter/Regulator Hose Start Female Hose

(FPR17) (HSO) Start

Wrap pipe threads

with Teflon tape

1/2” Sprinkler to Drip Conversion Kit (KVC2)

This sprinkler to drip kit converts a single pop-up sprinkler head to a drip irrigation mainline.
The filter/pressure regulator unit has a 1/2” FPT inlet that connects to a 1/2” MPT riser that
accepts hose thread fittings which provide a connection point for 1/2” mainline tubing. The
inlcuded 1/4” fittings and 1/4” Soaker Dripline can be configured to fit almost any situation.
Great for containers, garden beds, and isolated plantings.
Can be expanded to cover double the area.

28
 Air Bleed Valves
Drip tape installations on uneven terrain, systems
with radical elevation changes, and long tree
lines over 500’ can develop air locks in the system.
Installing an air bleed valve at the system’s high
points can help to eliminate those air locks and
keep buried lines from back suctioning dirt and
debris that can clog supply lines and emitters.
1” Air Bleed 3/4” Air Bleed 1/2” Air Bleed Minimum activation pressure is 5 PSI
Valve Valve Valve Maximum working pressure is 80 PSI

1/2” Air Bleed Valve

Trapped Air 1/2” Mainline Tubing

1/2” Easy Loc x 1/2” FPT Tee

Low spots hold water,

creating air locks that
may affect the flow

Rebar Support Stake

(Not Included)
3/4” FPT x
MHT
3/4” Air Bleed Valve
Adapter

3/4” Easy Loc x FHT Tee

3/4” Easy Loc x MHT Tee 3/4” Mainline Tubing

29
Fertilizer Injectors
Fertilizer injectors are the most efficient way to feed plants, delivering nutrients in a liquid
form directly to the roots of your plants. Fertilizer injectors are a fast and accurate way to
feed an entire garden, landscape, nursery or greenhouse. Injectors range from the simple
EZ-FLO units to the commercial-grade MixRite pump style fertilizer injectors, with the Mazzei
suction style injectors falling in between.

MixRite
Demo

FLO DEMA
EZ
A Landscape Solutions Company

EZ-FLO injectors are the most economical, flexible

and easy to use injectors ever! Made of
commercial-grade components, these injectors
are ideal for backyard gardeners, commercial
landscapers and small farms. Just fill the tank,
with dry fertilizer or a concentrated liquid
fertilizer, set the adjustment valve, and voila!

FLOW

The MixRite fertilizer injector reliably meters

fertilized solution into your line and is solely
powered by the water moving through it. Select
the model with the desired fertilizer dilution
Mazzei fertilizer injectors are commercial-grade, concentration (mix ratio) for the fertilizer or
Venturi injectors with no moving parts to wear additive that you are injecting into your line.
out or break down. They work by suction, and can
draw liquid fertilizer from virtually any container.
The Mazzei can be plumbed on a bypass for less
restriction (the preferred method), or directly into
a main water line.

30
 Timers/Irrigation Controllers
If you’re not there to turn the water on, or sometimes forget to turn it off and run up your
water bill, a drip irrigation timer can be a great investment. A timer will turn your system on
and off at designated times to give your plants the steady, consistent watering they need
for optimum health and production.
Battery (DC) Timers
Battery Timers are relatively inexpensive and will fit the needs of most home and garden
situations. Hose threaded and easy to install and program, they are typically limited to one
valve. High End Battery Timers are commercial-grade battery timers and more costly, but
can operate multiple pipe threaded DC valves. Inlet
(Female Hose
Thread)

Weather Cover

9001D-E
M Tu W Th F Sa Su

2 Min
5 Min
3 Hr time
9 Hr Delay 6 Hr manual
duration
6 Hr 10 Min 14 Day 12 Hr valve on
days
3 Hr 15 Min 7 Day 1 Day starts rain off
1 Hr 30 Min 4 Day 2 Day
45 Min 3 Day
mode set
DURATION CYCLE

START

Outlet
Battery (DC) Timer Battery (DC) Timer (Male Hose
(Analog) (Digital) Thread) Battery Compartment
(9V Battery not included)

Analog battery timers (see 2 dial model above, right) may lack the bells and whistles of its
digital counterpart, but require no “programming” and are extremely simple to use. Just turn
the duration dial to how long you want to water, turn the cycle dial to how often you want to
water, then hit the start button. From that point on, the timer will come on at the same time
on the days you choose.
Digital battery timers often have multiple start times, rain sensors, and other features as
well as an LCD screen to view all your programming options. If you’re looking to water more
frequently, or using an Alternator Valve to split your system into watering zones, this is the
type of timer for you.

31
Electric (AC) Timers
Electronic Timers (aka Irrigation Controllers) come in a variety of sizes but are usually
designed to operate multiple 24 volt AC valves and require an AC power source.
Electric Timers (aka Irrigation
Controllers) base units can be
Even
Odd
M Tu W Th F Sa Su
program time
days sensor

sold with a set number of stations

cycle manual
starts rain off
valve duration
12345678M

or with modules that allow you to OFF

RUN
TIME/DATE

expand to more with each zone

TEST WEEKLY/CYCLIC
EVEN/ODD

MANUAL START TIME

controlled by its own valve. They

RAIN OFF DURATION
WATER BUDGET

often offer several programs with

individual start times and extras
like rain sensors, pump start relays, AC6

and master valve controls, making

them ideal for larger installations such as farms, greenhouses, Electric Timer available in
nurseries, vineyards, and 4, 6, or 8 Station Models
landscapes. If your situation has different plantings with
differing watering requirements, or is larger than can be 4 Station Electric Timer
divided into 1 or 2 zones, this is the kind of timer you will want. Available in Internal or
External Models

MANUAL
START
PRESS
& HOLD

0
0 M
IRRIGATION LOW PERCENTAGE MASTER
PRG
CYCLE BATTERY SETTING VALVE

Bypass
Rain Sensor System Off RUN Date/Time
AC
Active
NEXT STEP DATA CHANGE CHANGING NO AC
MODE (AC
CONTROLLERS
ONLY)
Manual Start Times
E

Solar Sync Run Times

M Tu W Th F Sa Su E
valve now Seasonal Adjust Pump Water Days
duration sensor
days w. open
starts w. close
manual
rain off
123456

8056 - AC 6S

Electric Greenhouse Timers are a special subset of electric timers

that, in addition to multiple start times and programs, might offer
watering durations down to 1 minute or, for seed propagation
purposes, 1 second increments. If your high tunnel or greenhouse
6 Station Electric has multiple zones, and/or seed propagation tables, check out the
Greenhouse Timer
specifications for this type of timer before you buy.
Other Timers
Solar Timers are a great alternative to a battery or electronic timer. Powered by ambient
light, they require no back-up power source, and are perfect for remote gardens.
Wind-Up Timers are an inexpensive alternative to a battery or electronic timer and
considered “cheap insurance” for those who forget to turn the water off.
32
Filters
Filters remove sediment and debris that can clog an irrigation system. We offer a variety of
filters to meet the unique needs of your system. Select a filter based on the quality of your
water supply and the size of your system. We recommend installing a filter on every irrigation
system and will not warranty a system without an appropriate filter installed.

Screen Filters (Hose Thread)

Screen filters remove sediment and debris that can clog a drip system.
These Home Garden Screen Filters are commonly used for small to
medium size irrigation systems with a relatively clean water supply
(municipal source or a clean well). These filters are not rated for use
under constant pressure and should be placed after automated valves
and timers.

‘Y’ Type Filter ‘T’ Filter Inline Filters

Disc Filters (Pipe Thread)

Arkal Disc filters are designed to remove organic matter (algae)
from your water supply. They are commonly installed when
using surface water (pond, creek, canal, reservior) for irrigation.

Super ‘T’ Filter

Jumbo ‘T’ Filter

‘Y’ Type Filter

33
Constant Pressure Filters
Small Constant Pressure Filters
Amiad Tagline filters are the low cost solution for constant
pressure situations, their reinforced bodies and o-rings allow
them to be installed before timers or valves. They are ideal for
removing sediment and debris in irrigation systems with
multiple zones as they can be placed before a manifold.

Large High Pressure Filters

These standard Amiad filters have a
stainless steel screen with a heavily
reinforced frame. Standard Amiad
filters can handle higher pressures
than the Amiad Tagline Filters.

Multi-Zone Constant Pressure Setup

Constant Pressure Filter Pressure Limit Valve 4 Way Manifold Start Manifold End Cap

FLOW

Direction of
Flow 1” x 3/4” MPT
Reducing Nipple

3/4” Valve
To save space and money, a single filter
and regulator may be installed before a 3/4” MPT x MHT
timer, valve, or manifold under constant Adapter
pressure. These are a specially designed
class of filters and regulators constructed
with more durable O-rings, seals, and Female Hose Start
washers to handle the wear and tear
created by persistent pressure.
Mainline Tubing
Components are dependent on
available flow and pressure.
Check individual specifications.

34
Large Filters
Super “T”Screen Filter
The 2” Amiad Super “T” constant pressure
filters have a double size screen which allows
for longer lengths of time between cleanings.
Great for large irrigation systems or areas with
a lot of sediment in the water.

Super Disc Filter

Arkal designed the Super
Filter for larger irrigation
systems or for areas with a lot
of organic matter (algae) in
the water. The super disc set
is twice the size of a standard
Arkal disc set, giving a much
larger filtering capacity and a
higher flow. Arkal Super filters
are rated up to 140 PSI.

Dual Lite Disc Filter

The 2” Arkal Dual Lite is substantially larger than
any other screen or disc filter that we carry. The
filtering area (147 sq. inches) is almost twice as
large as the Arkal 1 1/2” filter. The plastic clasp
easily opens to gain access to the discs inside.
One major advantage of this filter is that the
outlet can be on the side (standard), or it can be
switched to the top of the filter

35
 Sand Media Filter
Sand Media filters are designed to remove organic debris and
particulates from water. Sand filters have a seamless fiberglass tank
which won’t corrode and are highly recommended for filtering water
from ponds, creeks, or irrigation ditches.
The filter does not include the sand needed for operation.
Internal Operation Settings
FILTER - From pump, through valve downward, through FILTER, up through center pipe to valve
RETURN port for normal filter action
BACKWASH - From pump through valve, down through center pipe and to valve WASTE port for
cleaning filter by reversing flow
RINSE - From pump, through valve downward, up through filter, up through center pipe to valve
WASTE - From pump, through valve, bypassing FILTER, and to valve WASTE port
CLOSED - NO FLOW - DO NOT USE THIS SETTING WITH PUMP OPERATING
RECIRCULATE - From pump, through valve, bypassing FILTER and to RETURN port for circulating
water without going through the FILTER

From Water Supply To Drip Irrigation System

Valve Open Ri
ns
e Filte
r

W
int
Recirculate

erize Waste
Valve Closed

C
s lo
wa sed

Inlet Outlet
Back

Media Filter

Minimum 1” Filter Filter Operation

From Water Supply

Valve Closed e Filte

ns r
Ri
W
int
Recirculate

erize Waste

Valve Open
h

s lo
wa sed

Outlet
Back
Inlet
Media Filter

Minimum 1” Filter Backwash Operation

36
Gravity-Fed Drip Irrigation Systems
Water Storage Tank

Distance = 50’ Elevation = 10’

With gravity-fed systems, the volume of available water and flow rate take a back seat to pressure. All the
water in the world is no good if you can’t get it to flow evenly throughout your system and the only way to
gain pressure in a gravity-fed system is by elevating your water source. For each 2.3’ of elevation,
approximately 1 PSI is gained, meaning the 10’ of elevation in our example yields slightly over 4 PSI
(10/2.3 = 4.34 PSI). Using a low pressure source to supply a drip irrigation system may require using
products outside of the manufacturer’s specifications. This means lower flow rates, smaller zones, and fewer
emitters. For example: A 4 GPH emitter may output 1 GPH or less at lower pressures.
If you are not satisfied with your flow rate, you can increase the pressure of your system by:
1. Elevating the tank
2. Isolating into smaller sections (zones)
3. Adding a pump
4. Connecting to municipal water supply
Many are confused by the difference between distance and elevation, believing that the water’s momentum
will build pressure if there is significant distance between the garden and the water source. This is not true.
In fact, there is more likely to be reduced pressure due to friction loss within the supply line.
However, having too much pressure is also a problem. If you’re drawing from a source positioned on a ridge
200’ above your garden area, the pressure will exceed the limits of your system before it ever reaches the
first plant (200/2.3 = 86.95 PSI). In this case you’ll need to use a regulator to step the pressure down, possibly
more than once, to reach the 20-50 PSI range at the garden, a pressure level acceptable to a drip irrigation
system.
Examples of gravity-fed drip designs are available in our free Gallery of Plans.

37
 Winterizing an Irrigation System
In most parts of the country there is concern about freeze damage to a drip irrigation system
during winter. If this includes you, follow the simple steps below to ensure that your
irrigation system is ready for winter.

Shut off and drain the system:

Shut off the main water supply and remove the faucet assembly (timer, filter, pressure
regulator, etc.) at the start of the system. These components should be drained and brought indoors to pro-
tect them from freezing. Battery timers should have the batteries removed over winter to avoid damage and
corrosion.

Open all manual valves and remove all end fittings to drain the irrigation system. Poly
mainline tubing is not damaged by freezing, but fittings may crack if water is left in them. When draining the
lines, slightly elevate the fittings to make sure they are drained.

Flush valves can be installed at low points in the line to assist with draining the system. Flush valves will
open every time the system shuts off, draining water trapped in the line. Emitters can also be installed at low
points to assist with draining.

Blowing out the lines:

Another common method is to blow out the lines using compressed air. This is a time saving and effective
method. Make sure to remove end fittings before blowing out the lines to avoid damaging the irrigation
system.

Seal off the open lines:

After the lines have drained, make sure to replace all end fittings. Leave end caps loose to allow for draining
throughout the winter. The beginning of the system where the faucet
assembly was removed should be sealed off as well. Use a hose thread plug to seal the female hose start
fitting at the beginning of the system. A plastic bag or other barrier could also be used to cover the opening
of the system. Never leave lines open; debris, insects and other creatures may take shelter in the open lines.

Protect your plants:

To extend the growing season, Agribon Rowcover can be used to cover plants and protect them from frost
damage.

Spring start-up:
When restarting the system for the new growing season, make sure to tighten all end
caps and check for leaks or any damage that may have occurred over winter. New alkaline batteries should
be installed in battery timers and any cracked or damaged system
components replaced.

38