1) The recitation will review concepts like enthalpy, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, and the second law of thermodynamics.
2) Students will work through sample problems calculating entropy changes for systems involving heat transfer between objects at different temperatures.
3) The problems will involve obtaining entropy expressions for ideal gases as functions of temperature, volume, and pressure.
1) The recitation will review concepts like enthalpy, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, and the second law of thermodynamics.
2) Students will work through sample problems calculating entropy changes for systems involving heat transfer between objects at different temperatures.
3) The problems will involve obtaining entropy expressions for ideal gases as functions of temperature, volume, and pressure.
1) The recitation will review concepts like enthalpy, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, and the second law of thermodynamics.
2) Students will work through sample problems calculating entropy changes for systems involving heat transfer between objects at different temperatures.
3) The problems will involve obtaining entropy expressions for ideal gases as functions of temperature, volume, and pressure.
Review: { Enthalpy: Internal energy "minus" the compressive energy:H U + PV { Entropy: Another State Function: For an ideal gas, we have: dqTrev S = CTV dT + nR V dV , which is a state function: Its value is only a function of the initial and nal states. This state function is an extensive property: it depends on the size of the system.For an ideal gas, we have:dU = TdS ; PdV { Helmholtz free energy: Internal Energy "minus" the thermal en- ergy. How much compression work is done on any body at constant temperature:F U ; TS { Gibbs free energy: The internal energy of a system "minus" com- pressive and thermal energies:G U + PV ; TS .This is the en- ergy associated with the internal degrees of freedom of a system changed at constant pressure and temperature once you subtract thermal and compressive energies. Think of chemical energy, for example. { Brief introduction to the Second Law:"In an isolated system, dur- ing any process, the change in its entropy is always greater than zero" Questions regarding homework Sample Problems Problem 1 A steel casting [CP = 0:5 kgkJK ] with a mass of [40 kg] and at a temperature of [450oC ] is quenched in [150 kg] of oil [CP = 2:5 kgkJK ] at [25oC ]. Assume that there are no heat losses to the surroundings. Calculate the change in entropy in: The casting The oil bath The entire system (casting + oil) Hints: Use the rst law to obtain the nal temperature of the composite sys- tem Use the expression for entropy: Z m 4S = dQ T Problem 2 Obtain the expression for the change in entropy of an ideal gas as a function of (T,V), (T,P) and (P,V).
“Foundations to Flight: Mastering Physics from Curiosity to Confidence: Cipher 4”: “Foundations to Flight: Mastering Physics from Curiosity to Confidence, #4