The Process of Sending and Receiving Messages Through Verbal or Nonverbal Means - (Oral (Written Communication),, Signals, or Behavior
The Process of Sending and Receiving Messages Through Verbal or Nonverbal Means - (Oral (Written Communication),, Signals, or Behavior
The Process of Sending and Receiving Messages Through Verbal or Nonverbal Means - (Oral (Written Communication),, Signals, or Behavior
Communication
the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means-- speech (oral
communication), writing (written communication), signs, signals, or behavior.
2. The eight basic parts of speech are simple. They are verbs, nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
1 Verbs are words used to express action, condition, or a state of being. They are used in
speech to move the meanings of sentences along. An action verb expresses an action. Words
such as throw, create, and draw express physical action. Mental actions can be expressed by
words such as believe, desire, and visualize. Verbs such as be and feel are used to show states of
being. Helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs, are used to help the main verb express action or create
verb phrases. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are would, might and am.
2 Nouns are words that name a person, place, thing or idea. A few examples of nouns are
person, place, thing and idea. Proper nouns name specific things such as Jeff, California, and
English. To change a noun from singular form to plural form an s or es must be added to the end
of the word. Two examples are thing/things and dish/dishes. Some nouns have irregular plural
forms and are a little harder to spell sometimes. A couple of these nouns are man/men, and
reality/realities. To show ownership, one must add an apostrophe s to the end of a singular noun,
or just an apostrophe to a plural noun. Examples of the possessive form are Jeff’s possession and
fools’ wisdom.
3 Pronouns are words used in place of nouns to shorten a repeated noun that has already been
mentioned. The noun that the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent of the pronoun. My
girlfriend goes shopping a lot. She spends a bunch of money on garbage. In these last two
sentences, she is the pronoun, and girlfriend is the antecedent. There are many forms of
pronouns, such as personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, indefinite, demonstrative,
interrogative, relative and reciprocal.
4 Adjectives are very useful words. They add information to sentences by telling us more
about nouns and pronouns, usually by describing, identifying, or quantifying those words.
Adjectives usually come before the words they modify, but sometimes follow linking verbs.
Here are two examples. She is a nice woman. That woman is nice. Quantifying adjectives come
in the form of articles and numbers such as an, and twenty-one.
5 An adverb is defined as a word that gives more information about a verb,
adjective or other adverbs. In the sentence: She runs slow, slow describes how
sue performs the adjective, runs. In the sentence She runs very slow, very
describes the adverb slow, and tells how slow she runs. Most, but not all
adverbs end in ly, but not all words that end in ly are adverbs. Ugly is an
adjective. Supply can be a noun. Quickly and not are both adverbs.
The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it is called a
preposition. The preposition and the object of the preposition together are called a prepositional
phrase. In the sentence She went to the mall, to the mall is the prepositional phrase.
7 A conjunction is a word that connects words, or groups of words, to tell something about the
relationship between these words. In the sentence she and I are friends, and connects two
pronouns, she and I. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions, which connect two equal parts
of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so. She is small but strong. But is
used as a coordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence
that are not equal. Some subordinating conjunctions are whether, though and because.
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Both she and I live in San
8 An interjection is a word, or a short phrase used to express emotion or surprise. Interjections
are often sentence fragments, or stand by themselves. Yeah! I’m done. Yeah is used to show the
long awaited emotion of freedom. Interjections are also often used as commands, or as part of a
protest. Stop! Don’t assign so much homework. Interjections are very important, and that’s why
they are mentioned last, but not least, in the eight parts of speech.
3. Kinds of noun
Common Nouns
A common noun is an everyday item.
It is the name given to a generic item: chair, fish, concrete, cloud, tree, nail, screwdriver,
pencil, coffee, arm, hair, kangaroo, table, wall, or finger. It is everything and anything.
Proper Nouns
This is the exact opposite of a common noun. Proper nouns refer to all the things that are
unique. They have their own distinguishable identity.
All proper nouns start with a capital letter: London (a city), Napoleon Bonaparte - (an
historical figure), Amazon River (a waterway), Avatar (a movie), McDonalds (a restaurant),
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (a book) and Sydney Harbour Bridge (a landmark).
Concrete Nouns
A concrete noun is anything that can be perceived with our senses. We can see it, hear it,
smell it, taste it or touch it.
We can perceive clouds, flowers, soil, water, music, chatter, laughter, smoke, perfume,
stench, sugar, salt, vanilla, velvet, silk and bricks.
Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun is a state, a quality or feeling that can not be perceived by the senses.
We cannot use our five senses to perceive happiness, jealousy, beauty, trust, loyalty,
betrayal or love.
Collective Nouns
A collective noun is used to describe a group of objects.
For example, a herd of cows, a colony of ants, a school of fish, a flock of seagulls, a pack of
rats and a horde of zombies.
5. 3 cases of noun
1. Nominative case:
A noun is said to be in the Nominative case if it is the subject of a verb. (SUBJECT is the
person or the thing who or which carries out the action of the verb in the sentence)
Examples:
These examples carry another term "pronoun" which is a word used to represent a noun.
For example:
I, We, You, He, She, it and they are the seven pronouns.
Nouns or pronouns are said to be in Objective cases if they are the direct objects of verbs or
if they are the objects of preposition. (Direct object is the person or the thing upon whom or
upon which the action of the verb is carried out).
Examples:
3. Dative case:
A noun is said to be in dative case if it is the Indirect object of the verb. (Indirect object of
the verb is the noun for whom or for which the action of the verb is carried out). There
should not be a preposition before the indirect object because in that case it will be the
object of that preposition.
Examples:
Examples:
• It is our idea.
“Our” is in possessive case.
5. Vocative case:
A noun or a pronoun is said to be in Vocative case if it is used to call (or to get the attention
of) a person or persons.
Examples:
• Mr. Bill, students are waiting for you in the main hall.
“Mr. Bill” is in vocative case.
The nouns do not change their forms in the Nominative and Objectivecases. But few
pronouns change their forms between Nominative andObjective cases.
2. We_________________us____________________our
3. You________________ You___________________your
4. He_________________ him____________________his
5. She_________________her_____________________her
6. It___________________it_______________________its
7. They_________________them______________________their