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    Pumps1 PDF

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    psk.pranesh5520
    This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and centrifugal pumps. It discusses why mechanical seals are used, how they work, and the types of seals. It also covers pump fundamentals like types of pumps, pump laws, pressure head, net positive suction head, and characteristics of different pump styles. Cavitation and its damaging effects are described. Pipe sizing and screw pumps are also briefly covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pumps1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    psk.pranesh5520
    46 views24 pages
    This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and centrifugal pumps. It discusses why mechanical seals are used, how they work, and the types of seals. It also covers pump fundamentals like types of pumps, pump laws, pressure head, net positive suction head, and characteristics of different pump styles. Cavitation and its damaging effects are described. Pipe sizing and screw pumps are also briefly covered.

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    This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and centrifugal pumps. It discusses why mechanical seals are used, how they work, and the types of seals. It also covers pump fundamentals like types of pumps, pump laws, pressure head, net positive suction head, and characteristics of different pump styles. Cavitation and its damaging effects are described. Pipe sizing and screw pumps are also briefly covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views24 pages

    Pumps1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    psk.pranesh5520
    This document provides an overview of mechanical seals and centrifugal pumps. It discusses why mechanical seals are used, how they work, and the types of seals. It also covers pump fundamentals like types of pumps, pump laws, pressure head, net positive suction head, and characteristics of different pump styles. Cavitation and its damaging effects are described. Pipe sizing and screw pumps are also briefly covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    LIGHTBAND

    ENGINEERING
    WELCOMES ALL THE PARTICIPANTS OF
    THIS INTERACTIVE SESSION ON

    MECHANCIAL SEALS
    TOPICS TO BE COVERED
    Glance of Process Equipments
    Why at all a Mechanical Seal?
    How does a Mechanical Seal work?
    Types / Classification of seals.
    Materials of Construction.
    Environmental control.
    Equipment condition.
    Trouble Shooting & Failure Analysis.
    Pumps
    Add energy to a liquid or gas causing
    an increase in pressure and a
    movement.
    In most cases the atmospheric pressure
    pushes the liquid to the pump suction.
    TYPES OF PUMPS.
    CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS - HORIZANTAL
    CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS VERTICAL.
    CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS - SUBMERSIBLE
    AXIAL FLOW PUMPS . VACUUM PUMPS
    MIXED FLOW PUMPS / JET PUMPS
    POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS.
    RECIPROCATING PUMPS (PISTON PUMP)
    SCREW PUMPS. SINGLE / DOUBLE / TRIPLE.
    DIAGHPRAM PUMPS.
    Pressure Head

    TOTAL STATIC STATIC


    HEAD DISCHARGE
    HEAD

    STATIC SUCTION
    HEAD

    PUMP
    NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH)

    Is the difference between the head


    acting on the fluid and the loss (friction
    loss in suction pipe + loss due volatility
    of liquid+ loss in raising the liquid to
    pump suction)
    Need enough pressure on the suction
    side so that Pavi > Psat. If Pavi < Psat
    Fluid flashes to vapor causing damage
    to the pump
    Characteristics
    Reciprocating pumps
    small volumes, high differential pressures, any
    viscosity
    Rotary pumps
    intermediate range of volumes, differential pressures
    and viscosity
    Centrifugal pumps
    large volumes, medium to low heads and viscosities
    Axial and semi axial flow pumps
    -large volumes, low heads, occupy small space, low cost
    Centrifugal pump
    Impeller rotates in a stationary volute casing
    The shaft gland sealing by mechanical seal
    or gland packing
    Kinetic energy imparted to the fluid is partly
    converted to pressure in volute casing or by
    passing through diffuser vanes
    Vertical pumps- motor is mounted above the
    pump, pump is placed as low as possible for
    best NPSH, occupies least space, motor is
    safer from gland or other leaks
    Pump Laws
    Apply to centrifugal (non-positive displacement)
    pumps only

    QN
    H N2
    W N3

    N = speed of rotation
    Q = volumetric flow rate
    H = pump head
    W = power required (prime mover)
    .
    POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
    Fixed Volume
    Volumetric Flow rate is proportional to speed
    A relief valve will always be on the discharge end of
    the pump

    Advantages
    Can handle large portions of air, gas, vapour used for
    stripping cargo oil, chemicals, liquid gases

    Disadvantages
    Complicated construction suction and discharge
    valves, relief valve,
    Air vessel
    Gear pumps
    Rotary positive displacement pump
    Control of flow rate is by bypass valve
    or varying speed of prime mover
    Series of pumps develop high pressure
    Eg: Luboil, Fuel, Fuel transfer etc
    Single Screw Pump
    Twin / Double Screw Pump
    Screw pumps
    Two screws driven in phase by timing gear correct clearance is
    maintained between the screws prevents over heating and
    seizure.
    Each screw shaft has a left and right hand screw to reduce axial
    thrust.
    Relief valve prevents build up of excessive pressure
    Material
    casing - cast iron
    screw shaft - high grade carbon steel, stainless steel
    ADVANTAGES
    Self priming, can pump liquid and vapour Used for tank draining,
    lub oil supply system.
    Operate at high rotational speeds (3500 rpm, 1000l/min) and can
    be driven by electric motors
    Can handle high viscosity (4000 cst) fluid quiet, smooth running
    and reliable
    PIPE SIZE
    Pipe Size

    Shorter pipelines on the suction side are possible, but may lead
    to a deterioration of the hydraulic performance data.

    Shorter pipelines on the discharge side are possible, but may lead
    to increased noise development.

    Compensators must not generate any unacceptable additional


    forces on the pump connection branches.

    Special care is needed in cases where compensators are used,


    whose pressurized diameter is greater than the nominal width of
    the pump connection ports.
    Cavitation
    If the drop in pressure created at the suction side of the pump is
    greater than the vapour pressure for the temp of the liquid being
    pumped, then vapour will be drawn from the liquid in this area.
    A vapour Bubbles formed will travel along the vanes of the
    impeller and reach the high energy region of the tip of the
    impeller and burst. This process of the formation and
    subsequent collapse of vapour bubbles in a pump is called
    cavitation.
    PUMP CAVITATION CAN CAUSE:
    Failure of pump housing

    Destruction of impeller

    Premature failure of Seal

    Excessive Vibration- leading to premature bearing failure

    Higher power consumption

    Decreased flow and/or pressure

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