QUARTER 4

Israel and ArabiA---Differing Neighbors and Africa---The

Dark Continent

You are now entering the final chapter of this

workbook. On the previous chapters, it ventures you to
many places in the world. The adventure has not yet over.
Prepare yourself as this chapter will bring you to countries
you have never been. These countries are Israel, Arabia and
Africa. Find out what are the literary pieces that these
countries have. In this chapter, ensures you that this will
help to unlock a deeper and broader knowledge and enrich
you as a person.
 Learning Objectives:

At the end of this quarter, you will be able to:

Grasp the meaning of each of the literary pieces that each country has.
Internalize the significant values that the literary piece has implied.
Enhances your competencies in reading, writing, critical thinking, and
creating concepts present in this quarter.
Enriches your vocabulary skills.
Create sentences, paragraphs, or essays in line with how to create a good
paragraph, containing a topic sentence, and following the rules in subject-
verb agreement.
Construct a story with the 3 important elements.

YOUR ADVENTURE MAP:

The
Prodigal
Son The Story The
of Ruth Leopard
START

The
END
Wonder
Tree
 PRE-ASSESSMENT TEST

Multiple Choice

Direction : Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The sentence in which the main idea is stated.

a. The topic sentence
b. Topic
c. Key concept
d. Subject
2. The following are the elements of a good story, except?
a. Characterization
b. Subject
c. Setting
d. Plot
3. It is what happens in a story. It is made up of incidents by means of which the readers interests is
aroused.
a. Characterization
b. Subject
c. Setting
d. Plot
4. It is another important element of a story. Without it to do something, there will be no story.
a. Characterization
b. Subject
c. Setting
d. Plot
5. The element of a story wherein the story takes place. It is like the frame of a picture.
a. Characterization
b. Subject
c. Setting
d. Plot
6. It is a group of sentences organized around a central topic.
a. Topic sentence
b. Paragraph
c. Essay
d. Main idea
7. Linguistics are my favorite subject. The error in this sentence is?
a. Linguistics
b. Are
c. Favorite
d. Subject
8. Someone decide to order a new cell phone. The error in this sentence is?
a. Someone
b. Decide
c. Order
d. Phone
9. The following sentences are correct, except?
a. The news horrifies me.
b. My mother and my best friend inspire me to do best.
c. We trust in him.
d. None of the student are sick.
10. Which of the sentences is correct?
a. Either the researchers or the evaluator is attending.
b. Some of the wealth were damaged by the typhoon.
c. Ten hours are a long distance to travel.
d. The team have come up with a plan.
 Lesson 1
ISRAEL--- JEWISH REPUBLIC IN ASIA

Introduction to the Literature of Israel

The greatest literature the Israelites produced is embodied in the Bible that is composed of two
books, the Old Testament and the New Testament. The whole Bible is a compilation of many literary
forms extending over many centuries but unified by the truth of their divine inspirations.

Love of God is an outstanding quality of the literature of Israel. It differs from the literature of
other ancient nations in that it believes in one God. Other ancient races believed in many Gods who had
qualities similar to man; they made images of their Gods that they worshipped. The Jews, however,
believed in God whom man could never learn to know, who remained forever a mystery.

They never tried to draw a picture or erect a statue of this God. They only knew that they
believed in him; they loved him with all their heart and soul. What he looked like; they never tried to
learn. In their earliest poetry, they poured out their adoration in hymns of praise and thanksgiving for his
paternal love and his wisdom. They sang that his seat is in the heavens; the earth is his footstool; the
angels are his servants; the sea is his slave; his hands made the dry land.

Their literature is generally emotional, often passionate. It describes the character of the people,
their daily lives, the beautiful scenery of their land. Yet what they say of themselves is true of all people --
their anxieties, their hopes, their joys, as well as their sorrows. They painted with truth and love the
condition of the human race.

Their literature also shows great love of country. Of their two great poets, one was their great
ruler, King David, and the other was their greatest legislator, Moses.

The Israelites developed all literary types: The lyric, the narrative, and the drama. Their Psalms,
even after three thousand years, are the most moving and most sublime connection of religious poems the
world has ever seen. They remain unequaled in their powerful imagery, their lofty ideas, their majesty,
and their sweetness.

The psalms form the greatest and most popular collection of religious poetry that the world has
ever seen. There is a poem for every mood.
 GET STARTED!

Activity no.1 Comprehension Response

1. How do you define acceptance? ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. In your past experiences in life, have you forgive someone that has sinned against you and accept
him/her wholeheartedly? ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Is there someone whom you have sinned and havent forgiven you until now? Can you explain
why? _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Is it hard to forgive someone and accept him/her? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity no.2 Vocabulary Building

1. The word outstanding is composed of two words; out + standing. How does something stand out
in a group? You notice it right away, dont you? Outstanding means to stand out. Give the
meaning of:
a. Outline
b. Outdoor
c. Outface
d. Outrun
e. Outside
2. The word footstool is made up of two words: foot-stool (for resting the foot). A stool is for
resting by sitting on: thus footstool is an object for resting the foot on. Give the meaning of:
a. Footstep
b. Footprint
c. Footlight
d. Football
3. You know the meaning of the compound word mother-in-law. Analyze the following compound
words to get their meanings.
a. Maid-of-honor
b. Bridegroom
c. Poet-laureate
d. Waterfall
 e. Breakfast
f. Court-martial
g. Paperweight
4. Forefather is composed of two words: fore( before) + father. What do the following words mean?
a. Forefinger
b. Forenoon
c. Foretell
d. Foresight

Activity no.3 Work by Twos

In this earthly journey, each one of us is tasked to fulfill a mission God has planned for us. With
this mission, we are made instruments to build Gods kingdom. As we carry this out, we sometimes
encounter difficulties. These are difficulties in following what God has commanded us. It sometimes
becomes the hardest part to do especially in accepting someone whom who sinned greatly against you.

In this activity, work in pairs. Together with your partner, answer these questions.

1. What are the difficulties in obeying the commandments of God?

2. For you, these difficulties symbolize what in your life?
3. Why it is very hard to forgive someone?
4. Would you agree that once you forgive someone you should eventually forget what he did? What
if you cant forget?

LETS READ THIS!

The story which follows relates to our ideas of acceptance and love. This is one of the prominent
parables that contains in the Bible. Let us see if who among the character in the story accepts
wholeheartedly.

______________________________________________________________________________

The Parable of the Lost Son

11 Jesus continued: There was a man who had two sons. 12 The younger one said to his father, Father,
give me my share of the estate. So he divided his property between them.

13 Not long after that, the younger son got together all he had, set off for a distant country and there
squandered his wealth in wild living.14 After he had spent everything, there was a severe famine in that
whole country, and he began to be in need. 15 So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that
country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 16 He longed to fill his stomach with the pods that the
pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything.
17 When he came to his senses, he said, How many of my fathers hired servants have food to spare,
and here I am starving to death! 18 I will set out and go back to my father and say to him: Father, I have
sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one
of your hired servants.20 So he got up and went to his father.

But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion for him; he ran
to his son, threw his arms around him and kissed him.

21 The son said to him, Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to
be called your son.

22 But the father said to his servants, Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his
finger and sandals on his feet. 23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Lets have a feast and
celebrate. 24 For this son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found. So they began to
celebrate.

25 Meanwhile, the older son was in the field. When he came near the house, he heard music and
dancing. 26 So he called one of the servants and asked him what was going on. 27 Your brother has
come, he replied, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has him back safe and sound.

28 The older brother became angry and refused to go in. So his father went out and pleaded with
him. 29 But he answered his father, Look! All these years Ive been slaving for you and never disobeyed
your orders. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. 30 But when
this son of yours who has squandered your property with prostitutescomes home, you kill the fattened calf
for him!

31 My son, the father said, you are always with me, and everything I have is yours. 32 But we had to
celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is
found.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2015:11-32&version=NIV&interface=amp

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCRMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no.2 Storytelling

After reading the story, pair up with others and tell the story as a group, recalling it in order,
piecing it together, and clarifying for each other when one gets lost.

Activity no.3 Values Integration

Answer the questions briefly.

 1. What great virtue did the father in the parable possesses? _____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Despite of what the younger son did to his father, he was still accepted. If you were the father
would you do the same? _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What does this parable teaches us? _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity no.1 Describe Them

Enumerate the characters in the story. Write their characteristics, behaviors, attitudes or in short,
what kind of persons they are. Follow the given format below.

_______ ________ ________

Activity no.2 Skit Portraying

Prepare a skit portraying the story. Decide your own story ending. Discuss why and how you
chose your story ending.

If I am going to end the story, I would end it in this way.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Why you come up with this ending? _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity no.3 Make your own test

Create your own essay test about the text you have read in at least 3 items. After constructing
your own test, exchange this to your classmate and let them answer it.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Activity no.1 Browsing

Go to the library or to your nearest internet cafe. Browse in there the meaning of paragraph and
the kinds of paragraph. Put all the gathered infotmation in a one whole sheet of paper.

Activity no.2 Go to your Group

Form a group that consists of 4 members. Having the information gathered in the library and from
the internet cafe, exchange your paper with your group. Study and discuss your work in your group

Activity no.3 Shortening

In a one whole sheet of paper, write all the ideas that you have come up in your group.
Summarize all the ideas and pick the most essential and common ideas in your research and after that
present it to the whole class.
 STUDY THIS!
__________________ _______________________________________________________

What is a Paragraph?

Paragraphs are comprised of sentences, but not random sentences. A paragraph is a group of
sentences organized around a central topic. In fact, the cardinal rule of paragraph writing is to focus on
one idea. A solidly written paragraph takes its readers on a clear path, without detours. Master the
paragraph, and youll be on your way to writing gold-star essays, term papers, and stories.

How to Write a Paragraph Using the Four Essential Elements

A basic paragraph structure usually consists of five sentences: the topic sentence, three supporting
sentences, and a concluding sentence. But the secrets to paragraph writing lay in four essential elements,
which when used correctly, can make a okay paragraph into a great paragraph.

1. Element #1: Unity. Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one
single, controlling idea that is expressed in its topic sentence, which is typically the first sentence
of the paragraph. A paragraph is unified around this main idea, with the supporting sentences
providing detail and discussion. In order to write a good topic sentence, think about your theme
and all the points you want to make. Decide which point drives the rest, and then write it as your
topic sentence.
2. Element #2: Order. Order refers to the way you organize your supporting sentences. Whether
you choose chronological order, order of importance, or another logical presentation of detail, a
solid paragraph always has a definite organization. In a well-ordered paragraph, the reader follows
along easily, aided by the pattern youve established. Order helps the reader grasp your meaning
and avoid confusion.
3. Element #3: Coherence. Coherence is the quality that makes your writing understandable.
Sentences within a paragraph need to connect to each other and work together as a whole. One of
the best ways to achieve coherency is to use transition words. These words create bridges from
one sentence to the next. You can use transition words that show order (first, second, third);
spatial relationships (above, below) or logic (furthermore, in addition, in fact). Also, in writing a
 paragraph, using a consistent verb tense and point of view are important ingredients for
coherency.
4. Element #4: Completeness. Completeness means a paragraph is well-developed. If all sentences
clearly and sufficiently support the main idea, then your paragraph is complete. If there are not
enough sentences or enough information to prove your thesis, then the paragraph is incomplete.
Usually three supporting sentences, in addition to a topic sentence and concluding sentence, are
needed for a paragraph to be complete. The concluding sentence or last sentence of the paragraph
should summarize your main idea by reinforcing your topic sentence.

http://www.time4writing.com/writing-resources/paragraph-writing-secrets/

____________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no.1 Listing

Make list of a certain number of questions they have about the particular topic at 3-5 questions
each student. The teacher will call somebody in the class and the one that will be appointed will state
his/her question and the teacher will call again somebody to answer. These will serve as well as the basis
for class discussion.

Activity no.2 Give Me Your Mind

Make a group of 3. Each group will be given particular topic in kinds of paragraph. Every
member of the group should contribute any ideas regarding the topic. After that, choose atleast 2 reporters
to discuss the topic in the whole class.

Activity no.3 Compare and See the Difference

Make a comparison between the different kinds of paragraph. Cite the similarities and differences
of each kind of paragraph. Use a Venn diagram to help you organize your ideas about the topic. Put the
differences on oppisite sides and the similarities in the middle.
 Activity no. Support Me

The following are topic sentences which you will use to develop a paragraph. But first, think of
three supporting details for each that would serve to back up the topic sentence, then write a paragraph.

The spaghetti tastes good.

Support 1

Support 2

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Support 3

____________________________________________________________________________________
 Write your paragraph here.

I was a shy little girl/boy.

Support 1

____________________________________________________________________________________

Support 2

____________________________________________________________________________________

Support 3

____________________________________________________________________________________

Write your paragraph here.

Activity no. Paragraph Coherence

The paragraph should contain one basic idea that is developed by the writer. Some writers add
ideas that do not belong to the whole paragraph. In the following paragraph, cross out any sentences that
do not belong.
 The elderly couple sat together on the park bench. They held hands as they watched
the young people pass them. Sometimes they would look at an especially affectionate young
couple, and they would smile at each other as if remembering something from their own
past. It was a very special day for them. It was their fiftieth anniversary and that night they
would celebrate with their children and friends. Fiftieth anniversary parties are often held in
expensive restaurants and there is lots of good foods. They had looked forward to this event
for a long time. They had discovered that as the years went by, they had grown deeper. This
love showed in their faces, and it made everyone who saw them that day feel a part of their
happiness.
 Lesson 2
Poetry of Israel
The poetry of the Israelites differs in form from the poetry of other races. The poetry of
most nations has rhyme and rhythm; the ancient poetry of Israel has no rhyme and no regularity
of rhythm. Its beauty lies in the balanced symmetry of clauses to which the term parallelism has
been applied. Examples of these forms are:

For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him .

As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.

Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him.

For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust

 GET STARTED!

Activity no.1 Stay With Me

At this point in your life, who among your friends, family, relatives or others that will stay with
you no matter what happen? How can you say so? On the contrary, do you know if some of them are just
there for selfish interests?

Answer the questions above and explain it in an essay form. Place it inside the box provided.

Activity no.2 Please Be Loyal To Me

Create a semantic web to define and elaborate more the word "LOYALTY". Write the word
being defined in the middle circle. Then write down the definitions in the surrounding circle.

LOYALTY
 Activity no.3 Think Of Me

Look or think of someone that best describes the word "LOYALTY"to you. Explain why he/she
is very loyal to you. Cite particular instances that will support your description to him/her. Use a graphic
organizer to explain and project your ideas properly.

NAME

LETS READ THIS!

The story which follows relates the beautiful relationship between Ruth and her mother-in-law,
Noami. Both suffered a lot, but because of their love for each other; the Lord rewarded them.

____________________________________________________________________________________

The Story of Ruth

In the time of the Judges in Israel, a man named Elimelech was living in the town of Bethlehem,
in the tribe of Judah, about six miles south of Jerusalem. His wife's name was Naomi, and his two sons
were Mahlon and Chilion. For some years the crops were poor, and food was scarce in Judah; and
Elimelech with his family went to live in the land of Moab, which was on the east of the Dead Sea, as
Judah was on the west.

There they stayed ten years, and in that time Elimelech died. His two sons married women of the
country of Moab, one named Orpah, the other named Ruth. But the two young men also died in the land
of Moab; so that Naomi and her two daughters-in-law were all left widows.
 Naomi heard that God had again given good harvests and bread to the land of Judah, and she rose
up to go from Moab back to her own land and her own town of Bethlehem. The two daughters-in-law
loved her, and both would have gone with her, though the land of Judah was a strange land to them, for
they were of the Moabite people.

Naomi said to them: "Go back, my daughters, to your own mothers' homes. May the Lord deal
kindly with you, as you have been kind to your husbands and to me. May the Lord grant that each of you
may yet find another husband and a happy home."

Then Naomi kissed them in farewell, and the three women all wept together. The two young
widows said to her:

"You have been a good mother to us, and we will go with you, and live among your people."

"No, no," said Naomi. "You are young, and I am old. Go back and be happy among your own people."

Then Orpah kissed Naomi, and went back to her people; but Ruth would not leave her. She said:

"Do not ask me to leave you, for I never will. Where you go, I will go; where you live, I will live;
your people shall be my people; and your God shall be my God. Where you die, I will die, and be buried.
Nothing but death itself shall part you and me."

When Naomi saw that Ruth was firm in her purpose, she ceased trying to persuade her; so the two
women went on together. They walked around the Dead Sea, and crossed the river Jordan, and climbed
the mountains of Judah, and came to Bethlehem.

Naomi had been absent from Bethlehem for ten years, but her friends were all glad to see her again. They
said:

"Is this Naomi, whom we knew years ago?

Now the name Naomi means "pleasant." And Naomi said:

"Call me not Naomi; call me Mara, for the Lord has made my life bitter. I went out full, with my
husband and two sons; now I come home empty, without them. Do not call me 'Pleasant,' call me 'Bitter.'"

The name "Mara," by which Naomi wished to be called means "bitter." But Naomi learned later
that "Pleasant" was the right name after all.

There was living in Bethlehem at that time a very rich man named Boaz. He owned large fields
that were abundant in their harvests; and he was related to the family of Elimelech, Naomi's husband, who
had died.

It was the custom in Israel when they reaped the grain not to gather all the stalks, but to leave
some for the poor people, who followed after the reapers with their sickles, and gathered what was left.
When Naomi and Ruth came to Bethlehem, it was the time of the barley harvest; and Ruth went out into
the fields to glean the grain which the reapers had left. It so happened that she was gleaning in the field
that belonged to Boaz, this rich man.

Boaz came out from the town to see his men reaping, and he said to them, "The Lord be with
you"; and they answered him, "The Lord bless you."
And Boaz said to his master of the reapers: "Who is this young woman that I see gleaning in the field?"

The man answered: "It is the young woman from the land of Moab, who came with Naomi. She
asked leave to glean after the reapers, and has been here gathering grain since yesterday."

Then Boaz said to Ruth: "Listen to me, my daughter. Do not go to any other field, but stay here
with my young women. No one shall harm you; and when you are thirsty, go and drink at our vessels of
water."

Then Ruth bowed to Boaz, and thanked him for his kindness, all the more kind because she was a
stranger in Israel. Boaz said: "I have heard how true you have been to your mother-in-law Naomi, in
leaving your own land and coming with her to this land. May the Lord, under whose wings you have
come, give you a reward!"

And at noon, when they sat down to rest and to eat, Boaz gave her some of the food. And he said to the
reapers:

"When you are reaping, leave some of the sheaves for her; and drop out some sheaves from the
bundles, where she may gather them."

That evening, Ruth showed Naomi how much she had gleaned, and told her of the rich man Boaz, who
had been so kind to her. And Naomi said:

"This man is a near relation of ours. Stay in his fields, as long as the harvest lasts." And so Ruth
gleaned in the fields of Boaz until the harvest had been gathered.

At the end of the harvest, Boaz held a feast on the threshing-floor. And after the feast, by the
advice of Naomi, Ruth went to him, and said to him:

"You are a near relation of my husband and of his father, Elimelech. Now will you not do good to
us for his sake?"

And when Boaz saw Ruth, he loved her; and soon after this he took her as his wife. And Naomi
and Ruth went to live in his home; so that Naomi's life was no more bitter, but pleasant. And Boaz and
Ruth had a son, whom they named Obed; and later Obed had a son named Jesse; and Jesse was the father
of David, the shepherd boy who became king. So Ruth, the young woman of Moab, who chose the people
and the God of Israel, became the mother of kings.

http://biblehub.com/library/marshall/the_wonder_book_of_bible_stories/the_story_of_ruth_the.htm

_____________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no.1 Comprehension Response

 1. Why did Elimelech and his family go to Moab?
2. Why did the daughter-in-law go with Naomi out of Moab?
3. Were the two girls good daughters to Noami?
4. Why did Naomi tell the people to call her Maria?
5. Which of the two loved Naomi better? Why do you say so?
6. How did Ruth support her mother-in-law?
7. Why do you suppose Ruth attracted the attention of Boaz?
8. How did he show his kindness to her?
9. Explain some marriage customs of the ancient Israelites, as related in the story.
10. Were Boaz and Ruth ancestors of Jesus? How?

Activity no.2 Values Integration

1. What qualities should a man or man look for in a prospective life partner to him/her other than
those enumerated in the story? ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Many Filipino newlyweds stay with their in laws, what do you think of this practice? _______
____________________________________________________________________________

Activity no.3 Vocabulary Building

Match the words in column A with the words in column B.

A B

1. residence a. sadness

2. blessing b. insist

3. grief c. rich

4. injure d. break

5. persuade e. gather

6. calamity f. habit

7. wealthy g. pity

8. snap off h. reward

9. glean i. house

10. custom j. misfortune

 Activity no.1 Tell the Story

Having read the story, pair up with others and tell the story as a group, recalling it in order,
piecing it together and clarifying for each other when one gets lost.

Activity no.2 Before and After

Create a Before and After list to compare the ways and customs of the people that are present in
the story and compare this customs to the present time.

BEFORE AFTER

____________SWJHGSHD

Activity no.3 Share It

Form a group with five members and share your experiences that depict the LOYALTY. As a
group come up with a collage of your idea of what real loyalty is. Present your collage to the whole class.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
 Activity no.1 Observe and Analyze

Observe the illustration below and answer the following questions.

Follow-up Questions:

1. In the illustration above about the circulatory system, identify the parts and its functions.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the main part of the circulatory system? Why you say so?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. For you, what is the function of the main part of the circulatory system?

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you agree that the other parts of the circulatory system are not that important as compared to
the main part?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Are the other parts dependent only to the main part?
_____________________________________________________________________________
 Activity no.2 Supply Me

Select a movie or a TV series that you like most. After that, supply what is being asked in the
following activity.

____________________

Title

______________________ Supporting Actors/Actresses:

Main actor/actress 1. _____________________

Role: Role:

2. ____________________

Role:

Activity no.3 Construct

In a sheet of paper, construct an essay with minimum of 10 sentences. You can choose any topic
as you like.

STUDY THIS!
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 Topic Sentences

Though not every paragraph must contain a clear topic sentence, its a good idea if beginning
writers practice organizing their thoughts by placing topic sentences at the beginning of each paragraph.

What is a topic sentence? Topic sentences are exactly what they sound likesentences
that announce and summarize a topic for your reader.

But I thought thats what a thesis statement was for? Thesis statements let the reader know
what the purpose of your entire essay will bethey focus on your main idea. On the other hand, topic
sentences let the reader know what will be discussed in a particular paragraph or section of your essay.

Heres an example to illustrate the difference between the two:

Thesis Statement: The important link between Civil Rights era music and todays
conception of the R & B genre has been overlooked in todays music history courses.

Topic Sentence: The Music History curriculum at top music colleges and universities such as Berkeley,
Cornell, and Columbia do not offer courses that focus on the R & B genre.

Notice the key differences between the two types of sentences: the thesis statement tells us what
idea the whole paper will prove or discuss, while the topic sentence is a sub-section of that thesis. The
topic sentence provides us with one reason why readers should agree that music history programs are
overlooking an important part of musics development over the years.

Example:

Let's say you intend to argue that music history courses shouldnt forget about the musical
developments that occurred during the Civil Rights era in the U.S., especially when they discuss R & B
music.

Then, imagine that youve developed a list of reasons why others should agree with you. Dont
worry about researching the topic if you dont know much about this type of music! Remember, the topic
sentence simply introduces the informationthe facts and details wouldnt be explained until later in the
paragraph.

Use of anger/outrage in lyrics Use of subtext/hidden meaningsArtists who gained popularity during this
time period

Sample Topic Sentences for the Following Thesis Statement:

Thesis Statement: The important link between Civil Rights era music and todays conception of the R &
B genre has been overlooked in todays music history courses.

Topic: Use of anger/outrage in lyrics

Sample Topic Sentence: The turmoil of the Civil Rights era led popular musical artists and lyricists to
incorporate explosive and highly personal lyrics into their songs, very much like the explicit lyrics weve
come to expect from Eminem and Kid Rock today.
Topic: Use of subtext/hidden meanings

Sample Topic Sentence: Music history classes discuss the various ways that music helps bring
communities of people together; however, they often overlook the ways that the hidden meanings in
songs like The Backstabbers by the OJays (1972) helped to maintain continued support of the Civil
Rights Movement in the African American community.

Topic: Artists who gained popularity during this time period

Sample Topic Sentence: Many of the influential artists whose work is discussed in music history
classessuch as Bob Dylan, Mahalia Jackson, and Sam Cookefirst emerged from the Civil Rights
Movement.

https://www.roanestate.edu/owl/TopicSentences.html

_____________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no.1 Read and Identify

Read the following selection. Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph if it is expressed;
formulate if it is merely implied.

The Kibbutz of Israel

Israel is famous for its communal settlements called kibbutz. The kibbutz is based on the
principle that every member gives to the community to the best of his abilities and receives from it
according to his needs. A new member is accepted after trial for about a year by vote of a general
assembly of the kibbutz member without any financial contribution on his part. A member who leaves the
kibbutz is not given any money for the land he leaves. All the basic needs of the membersfood,
clothing, education, entertainment, recreationare all met by the community free of charge. The
government is conducted by the general assembly of the members. Decisions are passed by a single
majority vote.

Each family is given a small house in the kibbutz. The children are educated in special children
houses while the parents work for the kibbutz. Meals are cooked and served in communal kitchens and
dining halls. There are communal laundries, clothing stores, and even shoemakers to provide all needs of
the members.
 The kibbutzim have all been built on previously unoccupied land. Consequently they have been
carefully planned for the social and economic needs of each village. The western section of the area is
generally set aside for the living quarters. Since in almost every part of Israel the westerly winds prevail,
the inhabitants can, therefore, enjoy the fresh sea breeze.

The farms are separated from the residential areas by avenues planted to trees and lawns. Thus
the farmyard smells do not bother the inhabitants. Furthermore the community is so planned that the sea
breeze blows all farmyard smells away from the residential district.

Activity no.2 Build Me

The topic sentence is given. Which of the sentences given after the topic sentence support it, and
which do not?

1. Topic sentence: Getting on the honor roll is not easy.

a. It requires hard work.
b. Nanding is on the honor roll.
c. One must study very hard.
d. One must develop good study habits
e. I envy Nanding when I see his name on the honor roll.
f. Nanding is my friend.
g. I am proud of him.
h. One must be attentive during the recitation.
i. I wish I could be as smart as he is.
2. Topic sentence: it was a hard-fought game.
a. The two teams were well matched.
b. I saw the game with my father.
c. My sister wanted to go with us.
d. My father would not let her.
e. The game seesawed dangerously several times.
f. There was a big crowd.
g. I cheered my team enthusiastically.
h. With three times to go, the score was tied.
i. I grew hoarse with shouting.
j. When the buzzer ending the game went off, our team had won.

Activity no.1 Form This

Having understood the meaning and functions of topic sentence, create a paragraph in the given
sentences below. Create a topic sentence out of the given idea and provide at least 5 sentences supporting
your topic sentence.
 1. No books, calculators or papers are allowed in the test room.

2. Garbage is on the causes why there is a flood.

3. Whale sharks are known to grow to lengths of up to 18 meters.

4. Mellow music can make us sleepy sometimes.

5. Finishing your study is one way of achieving success.

Activity no.2 Create

In a whole sheet of paper, create an essay that contains at least 3 paragraphs. Each paragraph
should have also minimum of 5 sentences. There must be a topic sentence in your essay.
 Lesson 3
ARABIACRADLE OF ISLAM

Introduction to the Literature of Arabia

Arabian Literature, is the link that connects ancient literature and modern literature.
When ancient civilization came to an end, the Western world experienced the Dark Ages or the
Middle Ages, which is full of war, darkness bloodshed; from A.D 476 - 1000.
The rise of Arabian Empire and the rapid development of its literature was at this time. The
Arabs revived and continued the literature, arts and sciences of the ancient word and gave them
to Europe. The Arabs became the teachers of the Europeans at this time in matters of art,
medicine, and the sciences. Little by little, one at a time, like lights being lighted in a dark street,
the different universities of Europe were established and soon the illumination was so bright that
there came about the beginning of the renaissance, or the rebirth of art, literature, and science.
The rise of the Arabian empire and the rapid development of its literature were the great events
which characterized the Middle Ages.

Arabian literature is rich in mythology. The genii are beings both spiritual and earthly;
some are good, others bad: they can make themselves invisible at will. The peris are fairies,
beautiful female spirits who seek to do good upon the earth. The ghouls feed on human flesh,
and when they cannot satisfy themselves upon the living, they enter graveyards and feed upon
the dead.

Arabian poetry is emotional and extremely sweet. The favorite subject matters are love,
morals, and religion. It is rich in figures of speech, exaggerated statements, and passionate
emotion.

The most famous Arabian stories are in the collection found under the title Arabian
Nights. Thus book has been translated into many languages. It has long been a favorite book,
especially among the young. From the collection of stories we get this picture of a typical Arab.
 GET STARTED!

Activity no. Contemplate

Given the pictures below, observe and contemplate with it. Answer the questions as
follow.

Write your observation here.

1. What is in the illustration above?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the illustration.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Where can we mostly see that place? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Why there is a place like that?
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. What countries that have places like this?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Activity no. Brainstorming

Can you recall an unforgettable firytale stories when you were young? What happened
mostly with the main character or the protagonist? Whtat is the role of fairies in the story? What
happens when the fairy helps the main character?

Write down your answers below.

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Activity no. Research

Research in the following:

1. What is a desert?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Search the country Arabia?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the main religion of Arabs?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the customs in their religion?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 5. Explain their climate there.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

LETS READ THIS!

It is the custom among the Arabs to give presents to their visitors. Zuleika cried because
she had no gifts to offer, but she was mistaken. Find out why.

______________________________________________________________________________
THE WONDER TREE

An Arabian folktale

Far out in the desert of Arabia lived a chief called Ali Ben Ahmed and his tribe. There tents were
pitched on the trackless sand where the blazing sun beat down all day. Month after month, they saw no
stranger for the paths of the travelers lay far to the south.

One evening, however, little Zuleika, the chiefs daughter, ran to her father for she have seen
someone riding their way from the south.

Ali Ben Ahmed came out of his tent and stood beside his beautiful little daughter. The chief
scanned the southern horizon until his eyes found a little yellow cloud of dust in the far distance.

Zuleika danced with delight. She loved visitors who told stories of the wonders which her eyes
had never seen. They had talked of cities with great stone houses, of lovely green gardens, of sparkling
rivers, and cool blue seas. To the little girl who had lived all her life in the desert, these stories were
marvelous fairy tales.

Ali Ben Ahmed called his men to welcome the new comer for the desert Arabs are very
hospitable. They bowed their turbaned heads almost to the ground to a low salaam as the rider pulled up
his sweating mount.

The stranger, who was proud and dignified, returned the salute and said that the great sheik Ben
Nedi will visit their tribe the next day.

The whole camp bustled with excitement, Ben Nedi was a very great sheik indeed, known far and
wife for his power and goodness, and to have him visit the remote tents of Ali Ben Ahmed was an honor.
Every Arab in the camp busied humself in preparing a gift for the coming sheik for ity is an Arabian
custom to gicve gifts of welcome and hospitality.

Only little Zuleika sat alone and idle. Tears stood in her lovely dark eyes because she had no gift
to give the great man who would come the next day.

Her mother, busy in the womens tent unrolling a beautiful peace of silk that would be her gift
the next day, tried to comfort the child and told her that children are not expected to give gifts.
 But Zuleika was not comforted. She slipped away from the tents and sat on a great stone near the
well and wept.

Suddenly, out of the well appeared a misty white figure which took the shape of a beautiful veiled
woman. Her smile was sweet and when she spoke; her voice was like the soft ripple of running water.
Zuleika, looking at her in amazement, knew that she could be no other than the good fairy of the well.

The fairy asked Zuleika to stop crying because she shall have a gift to give to the sheik and
Zuleika will find it the next day where her tears have fallen upon the sand.

Then the shining figure faded away, melting into the misty light like a pale moonbeam. Zuleika
ran back to her tent, but she could sleep little that night. As soon as dawn broke, she hurried out into the
sand to find the gift which she was to give that day.

She came to the well and stopped in amazement. Where yesterday there had been nothing but
bare sand, today there was a tall tree. It was straight and bare except the top, where it carried a tuft of
branching leaves and a cluster of brownish fruit.

Zuleika rushed back to her fathers tent and told him everything that had happened

Her father would not believe that there was a tree in the desert until he had seen the tree for
himself and tasted its fruits.

In the afternoon, the caravan of the great sheik Ben Nedi arrived. Gifts were brought and laid
before him gifts of jewels, of gold, of silk and of beautiful steel swords from Damascus. The great man
received them with gratitude and praise.

Ali Ben Ahmed smiled then led Ben Nedi to the rock by the well where the date palm grew from
the spot on which Zuleikas tears had fallen upon the ground and explained how the wonder tree had
sprung up miraculously in the night.

Upon knowing everything, Ben Nedi softly exclaimed, Yes, that is the most precious gift of all,
for it springs from the desire of the heart.

And sure enough, the date palm spread until it became the great friend of the desert tribes. As
long as it lifts its stately head above the sands, the Arabian knows that it will furnish him with food from
its fruit, cloth form its fiber and cool shade from its leafy palms.

http://arabianfolktalethewondertree.blogspot.com/p/wonder-tree.html?m=1

____________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no. Comprehension Response

1. Describe a desert.
2. Who would come to visit Ali Ben Ahmed?
 3. Why was the visit of Sheik Ben Nedi a matter of excitement?
4. Why was Zuleika very sad over the coming visit?
5. Who helped Zuleika find a gift for Sheik Ben Nedi?
6. What was the gift?
7. What did the other people give Sheik Ben Nedi?
8. Why was Zuleikas gift Sheik Ben Nedi?
9. Why was Zuleikas gift the best of all?

Activity no. Values Integration

Discuss: Describe what your dreams are and how you can reach them. They are lower than you
think.

Activity no. Vocabulary Building

Fill in the blanks with the missing letters to form the words from the text whose meanings are given
beside.

1. P_ _ c h _ d -to erect and fix firmly in place

2. _r_m__n - a deep purplish- red color
3. Sc___e -very small in amount or number
4. S_e_d -a horse that a person rides
5. _a_aa_ -a salutation or ceremonial greeting in the east
6. B__tl__ -to have a lot of busy activity
7. S_e_k -an Arab chief, ruler, or prince
8. I__e -not having much activity
9. Ri___e -to move in small waves
10. S__en__d - very impressive and beautiful

Activity no. End It

The ending part of the story doesnt contain a specific idea of what really happened to Zuleika
after she presented her gift to the sheik of Arab. If you are going to end the story, how would you end it?

Write youre here:

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
_________________
 Activity no. Characterize Me

Describe the characteristics of each character in the story, The Wonder Tree, below. Use
a concept map to perform this task easily.

Characters in the Story and their

characteristics

Zuleika Ali Ben Sheik Ben

Ahmed Nedi

Activity no. Write A Story

Write a short story specifically a fairy tale story that has the same theme in the story, The
Wonder Tree. Write your own story in a 1 whole sheet of paper.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Activity no. Recall It

 Have you heard of any kind of stories before? Im sure you did, if that so, answer this
following questions:

1. What makes a story?

2. How many elements are there in a good story? Can you enumerate them?
3. For you, why does a good story should contain all of these elements?

Activity no. Remembering The Past

Form a group of five members. Recall on your past experiences before on the stories you
have heard or read on those days. Each group should come with a one common story.
Answer what is being asked in the following. Follow the format below.

__________________________
Title
Characters:

Settings:

Plot:

Activity no. Search And Cut

Search for any story. Print it out. Cut the parts that contain the characters, settings, and
the plot. Do it in a creative or artistic way.
 STUDY THIS!
____________________________________________________________________________
Writing a Story
Every good story has three essential elements: setting, characterization, and plot.

Setting
The setting of a story is where the story takes place. It is like the frame of a picture. The
setting makes the story more interesting and easier to understand.
The setting includes the place, time, and circumstances. The setting is very important
because it may explain why the characters behave as they do. People who live it may explain
why the characters behave as they do. People who live in the country generally behave and think
and even speak differently from those who spend all their lives in a large city. If a story is
supposed to have taken place a long time ago, the characters will have to speak differently and
dress differently from people of today.

Characterization
Characterization is another important element of a story. If without characters to do
something, there will be no story. Great authors have created immortal characters in fiction. We
know these characters as well as we know our friends. Basilio and Crispin and Aling Sisa,
Florante and Laurathese are only a few well-known characters in Philippine literature. In every
story you read, even in stories of animals, charactyerization is very important.

Study the following examples of characterization.

Characterization is generally brought out by (a) describing what a person looks like, (b)
showing what a person does, (c) revealing what a person thinks about, and (d) relating what a
person says.

Plot
Plot is what happens i9n a story. The plot is made up of incidents by means of which the
readers interest is aroused. The plot determines what should go into a story.

The world is full of interesting things, but one cannot tell a story merely by putting
interesting incidents together. A good story, no matter how simple, has a main incident toward
which the other incidents lead. The main incidents provides the climax of high point of interest.
_____________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no. Identifying It

 Having understood the topic on Writing a Story and based on the story of The Wonder
Tree, identify its setting, characters and its plot.

________________________________________________
Setting
________________________________________________

________________________________________________
Characters ________________________________________________
_

________________________________________________
Plot
________________________________________________

Activity no. Create Your Own

Based on the illustration below, identify the characters and the setting. After that
create your plot.

Illustration no.1

Setting:

______________________________________________

Characters:

______________________________________________

Your won plot:

______________________________________________

______________________________________________
 ______________________________________________

Illustration no.2

Setting:

_______________________________________________

Characters:

_______________________________________________

Your own plot:

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Activity no. Story In Your Community

Write a paragraph describing the setting for a story in your community. Make the
reader see the place vividly. The setting may be house, a street, a river, or the sea.

Activity no. Lead Me

Study the following material for a story. What is the main incident? What minor
incidents naturally lead to the main incident? Bring out at least four minor incidents.

Some students were on a train bound for their picnic ground. One of the girls had
brought some eggs which she intended to share with her friends. She put the eggs on the rack
intended for light baggage. The shelf was located above the seat. The girls sat down and soon
were chatting happily with some boys. Suddenly the train gave a lurch, and one of the boys
found himself covered with the sticky white of eggs. The eggs had not been boiled by the cook.

Lesson 4
AFRICATHE DARK CONTINENT

Introduction to African Culture

Africa is called the Dark Continent not because of the complexion of the original inhabitants but
because most people know very little about it. Africa is not a dark continent; it is a land flushing with
sunshine and vivid light. It is the last of the continents to feel the influence of Western civilization;
therefore many people consider it a backward continent.

Africa covers an area as large as the United States, Western Europe, India, and China put
together. It has one-fifth of the entire land surface of the globe. It is an unbelievably rich continent. It
contains ninety-eight percent of the diamond mines. It produces two-thirds of the worlds supply of cocoa
and three-fifths of the worlds supply of palm oil. It has immense reserves of water power.

The backwardness attributed to Africa is only relative. We have to consider it in relation to two
measures of time: prehistoric times and historic times. In prehistoric times, Africa was not backward; it
was in fact, in the lead. Archeologists are now becoming increasingly sure that the first man appeared in
Africa. Fossilized remains of man have been found there which, when given the carbon dating test, show
that man roamed the African continent two million years ago. No such fossilized testimony is available
anywhere else in the world. Stone implements are the hand axes, multipurpose tools, easily grasped by the
fingers. The significant fact about these prehistoric finds is that there is no evidence of the discovery of
fire.

This would imply that during all those long years, man lived like the beast which he hunted;
experienced cold and storm without fire as a means to dry or warm himself. He ate his food raw. The
discovery of fire is now attributed to Peking man in China. Man, at first, used fire merely to warm himself
and not to cook his food.

National Parks in Africa

The animals alone in Africa make the continent extremely interesting and unique among all
continents. Nowhere else in the world are they found in such variety and abundance. There is also no
other place where man can see them in their natural habitat and not in zoos. The Africans have always
lived very close to wild, savage animals. The people fear them , eat them, and worship them. Animals
play a dominant role in African mythology and folk stories. Understandably this is true only of the native
Africans. A white man may travel in Africa and not see a wild animal at all.
 One of the most interesting facts about Africa is the national parks where you may easily see wild
animals in their natural habitat without risk of being harmed.

African Art

In recent years, primitive African art has been copied and imitated by Western nations. Government
museums and private collectors have competed in acquiring primitive African ceremonial masks. Wooden
figures with distorted limbs have aroused wonder and admiration. African intricate carvings have been
fantastically praised.

African art is closely associated with religion. It is very primitive in nature and is closely associated
with superstition. Masks are terrifying because they are intended to frighten away evil spirits.

Contemporary dance music is based on African music with its short rhythm. It is based largely on the
drum beat. African music is bound up with religious ceremony composed as a prayer for rain and for
success in hunting and in war. The drum, being the central force in African music, comes in different
types. Drums may be entirely woo, hollowed and slit; they may be made of wood and hideelephant ears
are especially valued for this purpose. It is believed that he invention of the drum was related to the ritual
of driving the spirits of the dead away.
 GET STARTED!

Activity no. Interview

Interview at least 6 persons inside the school. Let them answer what is for them the definition of
the word courage. After having their definition, place your gathered information in the graphic organizer
below.

COURAGE

Activity no. Our Heroes

Given the different illustrations of national heroes in our country, explain each hero why they are
very courageous and why they are considered as national heroes in our country.
Explanation: explanation: explanation:

_____________________ _______________________ _______________________

_____________________ _______________________ _______________________

_____________________ _______________________ ________________________

_____________________ _______________________ ________________________

Activity no. Your Opinion

In your own opinion, answer the following questions below.

1. How do you define courage?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What makes a man brave? Why do you say so?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. In your life, who is the person that you consider as the bravest one? Why he/ she is brave?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. For you, do you agree in this statement that, without facing struggles and difficulties one must
not consider as brave? Explain why you agree and disagree.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 READ THIS!
This is an interesting story of different kinds of courage. The point of the story is: who was the
bravest of the three persons involved?

_____________________________________________________________________________

THE LEOPARD

Ki, a Pygmy, has married a Pygmy girl from another village. The girl was called Luetsi and she
was became Kis wife. With them lived Ntio, Kis brother. After a year, Luetsi wished to visit her mother,
as was the custom. Ki agreed and gave Luetsi a big piece of meat to take to her mother. As a big hunt was
imminent, Ki could not go with his wife, but he promised to fetch her from her mothers house in four
weeks time.

Now it happened that Ki was bitten in the foot by a snake and he could mot walk. So he asked his
brother to fetch his wife. Ntio did not want to go and said, In a few days time you will be able to walk
again. It is better for you to fetch your wife yourself.

No, said Ki. Its better not to live Luetsi uncertainty. She would not wait for me but would
start a journey home alone. Fetch her home for me and I will give you my best bow.

So Ntio went and fetched Luetsi. They took the path through the jungle, the woman ahead, the
man armed closed behind her as was the proper.

Suddenly, a leopard appeared among the trees, and it crouched ready to spring. The woman was
paralyzed with fear. Ntio, however, threw himself on the leopard and thrust a knife to the leopards heart.
As it fell, the claws tore open Ntios shoulder. Then the beast fell dead. Luetsi cleansed Ntios wounds,
dressed it with healing herbs, and put a bandage around it. Then she said, You Are brave Ntio. You
saved my life. I wonder if Ki would have done as much for me.

You ought to say such things, said Ntio.

But Luetsi continued, One has heard of men who allowed their wives to be eaten by leopards,
while they themselves disappeared faster than a snake.

Not my brother Ki, protested Ntio.

Then Luetsi said, I have no child of his own. It is because he does not love me enough.

You should not talk such nonsense, said Ntio. He loves you. And he does not lack courage
either. Perhaps he is the bravest among us three.

Lets put it to a test! said Luetsi suddenly.

What do you mean? inquired Ntio.

 Eagerly Luetsi told him I shall lie down as if the leopard had jumped on me and pinned me to
the ground. You roll the leopard over on top of me, so it would like its about to eat me up. Then run to Ki
as fast as you can, tell him that the leopard attacked me, and bring him here.

Very well, said Ntio. He did what Luetsi ordered him.

And so Luetsi lied there for hours beneath the dead leopard. In the distance she could hear the
roar of the leopardess looking for its mate. The jungle was full of threatening voices. At last she tried to
imagine that the leopard lying on top of her was moving. Nut she did not budge from the spot so keen was
she to find out how her husband would behave.

Meanwhile, Ntio had arrived at the village. He burst into the hut and told his brother the things
Luetsi want to say to test him. Ki sprang to his feet without delay, and in spite of his bad foot condition,
he ran after his brother. Soon indeed, he overtook him, and although he was unarmed, he threw himself on
the leopard.

The woman rolled the dead beast over and stood up laughing.

What does this mean? asked Ki.

I wanted to test who among us three is the bravest! said Luetsi.

And that is the question, who is the bravest?

Was it Ntio, who stabbed the leopard in the heart? Or Luetsi who lay beneath the leopard? Or Ki
who ran up to save his wife despite of his condition?

http://jam026.angelfire.com/the_leopard.html

_____________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no Comprehension Response

1. Pygmies live in Central Africa. Describe one.

2. Why could not Ki go with Luetsi to visit her mother?
3. Why do you suppose Ntio did not want to fetch Kis wife?
4. Was Ntio a brave man? Prove your answer.
5. What plan did Luetsi form to test her husbands love for her?
6. As Luetsi lay under the leopard waiting for Ki, how did she know courage?
7. How did Ki show that he was a brave man?
8. Who was the bravest of the three?
 Activity no. Values Integration

1. Was Luetsis test of her husbands love for her a fair test? Why?
2. Although they were all brave, what flaw can you find in the character of each?

Activity no. Crossword Puzzle

Fill in the crossword puzzle below with the given definitions whether it bis in across or down.

ACROSS:
1. The ability to imagine things.

3. Move or take from one place to another.

5. The passing in of customs or beliefs from generation to generation.

6. Push suddenly or violently.

8. Use to indicate duty or correctness

DOWN:

2. Begin

4. A wild and natural area in which few people live.

7. Producing feelings of comfort or relief.

Activity no. Make it Short

Summarize the folklore of Central Africa, The Leopard. Summarize it in this following format.

One day, there was _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________. Then, __________________

__________________________________. So _______________________________________________

_________________________. Therefore, _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.

Activity no. Spot the Differences and Sililarities

Compare and contrast the characters of the story. Find out their similarities and differences. Use
the Venn diagram to perform the task properly.
 Ki

Luetsi Ntio

Activity no. Who Is Your Bet?

Choose among the three characters of the story. If you are going to choose among them the
bravest, who will you choose and why? Place your answer in a sheet of paper. Justify your answer.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Activity no. Experiences Before

Recalling your past experiences

1. Have you tried of having an agreement before?

2. Can you give at least one agreement that you have agreed before with someone?
 3. Why you agreed to that?

Activity no. Values Integration

Answer the following.

1. Why there is a so-called agreement?

2. How important agreement is?
3. Can you enumerate the different aspects wherein there is an agreement?
4. How useful agreement in working or business?

STUDY THIS!
___________________________________________________________________________________

Subject-Verb Agreement

NOTE: We will use the standard of underlining subjects once and verbs twice.

Being able to find the right subject and verb will help you correct errors of subject-verb agreement.

Basic Rule. A singular subject (she, Bill, car) takes a singular verb (is, goes, shines), whereas a plural
subject takes a plural verb.

Example: The list of items is/are on the desk.

If you know that list is the subject, then you will choose is for the verb.

Rule 1. A subject will come before a phrase beginning with of. This is a key rule for understanding
subjects. The word of is the culprit in many, perhaps most, subject-verb mistakes.

Hasty writers, speakers, readers, and listeners might miss the all-too-common mistake in the following
sentence:

Incorrect: A bouquet of yellow roses lend color and fragrance to the room.

Correct: A bouquet of yellow roses lends . . . (bouquet lends, not roses lend)

Rule 2. Two singular subjects connected by or, either/or, require a singular verb.

Examples:

My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.

 Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.

Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.

Rule 3. The verb in an or, either/or, or neither/nor sentence agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it.

Examples:

Neither the plates nor the serving bowl goes on that shelf.

Neither the serving bowl nor the plates go on that shelf.

This rule can lead to bumps in the road. For example, if I is one of two (or more) subjects, it
could lead to this odd sentence:

Awkward: Neither she, my friends, nor I am going to the festival.

If possible, it's best to reword such grammatically correct but awkward sentences.

Better: Neither she, I, nor my friends are going to the festival.

She, my friends, and I are not going to the festival.

Rule 4. As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by and.

Example: A car and a bike are my means of transportation.

But note these exceptions:

Exceptions:

Breaking and entering is against the law.

The bed and breakfast was charming.

In those sentences, breaking and entering and bed and breakfast are compound nouns.

Rule 5a. Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by such words as along with, as well as,
besides, not, etc. These words and phrases are not part of the subject. Ignore them and use a singular verb
when the subject is singular.

Examples:

The politician, along with the newsmen, is expectedshortly.

Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.

Rule 5b. Parentheses are not part of the subject.

Example: Joe (and his trusty mutt) was always welcome.

If this seems awkward, try rewriting the sentence.

Rule 6. In sentences beginning with here or there, the true subject follows the verb.

Examples:

There are four hurdles to jump.

There is a high hurdle to jump.

Here are the keys

NOTE: The word there's, a contraction of there is, leads to bad habits in informal sentences like There's
a lot of people here today, because it's easier to say "there's" than "there are." Take care never to
use there's with a plural subject.

Rule 7. Use a singular verb with distances, periods of time, sums of money, etc., when considered as a
unit.

Examples:

Three miles is too far to walk.

Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense.

Ten dollars is a high price to pay.

BUT

Ten dollars (i.e., dollar bills) were scattered on the floor.

Rule 8. With words that indicate portionse.g., a lot, a majority, some, allRule 1 given earlier in this
section is reversed, and we are guided by the noun after of. If the noun after of is singular, use a singular
verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.

Examples:

A lot of the pie has disappeared.

A lot of the pies have disappeared.

A third of the city is unemployed.

A third of the people are unemployed.

All of the pie is gone.

All of the pies are gone.

Some of the pie is missing.

Some of the pies are missing.

NOTE: In recent years, the SAT testing service has considered none to be strictly singular. However,
according to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage: "Clearly none has been both singular and
plural since Old English and still is. The notion that it is singular only is a myth of unknown origin that
appears to have arisen in the 19th century. If in context it seems like a singular to you, use a singular
verb; if it seems like a plural, use a plural verb. Both are acceptable beyond serious criticism."
When none is clearly intended to mean "not one," it is followed by a singular verb.

Rule 9. With collective nouns such as group, jury, familyaudience, population, the verb might be singular
or plural, depending on the writer's intent.

Examples:

All of my family has arrived OR have arrived.

Most of the jury is here OR are here.

A third of the population was not in favor OR were not in favor of the bill.

NOTE: Anyone who uses a plural verb with a collective noun must take care to be accurateand also
consistent. It must not be done carelessly. The following is the sort of flawed sentence one sees and hears
a lot these days:

The staff is deciding how they want to vote.

Careful speakers and writers would avoid assigning the singularis and the plural they to staff in
the same sentence.

Consistent: The staff are deciding how they want to vote.

Rewriting such sentences is recommended whenever possible. The preceding sentence would
read even better as:

The staff members are deciding how they want to vote.

Rule 10. The word were replaces was in sentences that express a wish or are contrary to fact:

Example: If Joe were here, you'd be sorry.

Shouldn't Joe be followed by was, not were, given that Joe is singular? But Joe isn't actually here,
so we say were, not was. The sentence demonstrates the subjunctive mood, which is used to express
things that are hypothetical, wishful, imaginary, or factually contradictory. The subjunctive mood pairs
singular subjects with what we usually think of as plural verbs.

Examples:

I wish it were Friday.

She requested that he raise his hand.

In the first example, a wishful statement, not a fact, is being expressed; therefore, were, which we
usually think of as a plural verb, is used with the singular subject I.
 Normally, he raise would sound terrible to us. However, in the second example, where a request
is being expressed, the subjunctive mood is correct.

Note: The subjunctive mood is losing ground in spoken English but should still be used in formal speech
and writing.

http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

Activity no. Give All I Need

Enumerate the exemptions of the rules in subject-verb agreement.

Activity no. Correct Me Because I Am Wrong

The sentences below violate one of the special rules of agreement. Encircle the violation and make
the necessary correction(s).

1. Eighty per cent of the respondents come from the administrators.

2. Either your BMW or my Volks need repair.
3. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is to be adapted into a stage play.
4. Hundred kilometers on that road is certainly a long trip.
5. A well-known novel by F. Sionil Jose are A Woman with two Navels.
6. Enough have been gathered about this controversy.
7. A number of his compositions has been played on the air.
8. Nine years are a long time to finish a degree.
9. Neither Welsy nor the English majors is invited to the launching program.
10. Enough coop members has expressed their sentiments about the sharing scheme.

Activity no Underline What You Mean

Underline the correct verb form to complete the meaning of each sentence.

a. Two thirds of the jewelry (has,have) been stolen.

 b. Standing in front of us (is,are) the newly crowned Mutya ng Pasig.
c. The principled (has, have) reasons for everything that they do.
d. The women who (have, has) expressed resistance against the rule failed in their cause.
e. Mother bought tongs which (hace,has) been found to be damaged.
f. Here (is,are) the boys who climed the mango tree.
g. Half of the water (was,were) contaminated.
h. Focus Pictures and frames (is, are)located along Mgallanes Street, Legazpi City.
i. The Suspects in the murder of the judge, who (was,were) missing days after the trial, have been
identified.
j. Stitches and Strings (is, are) a popular store for cross-stitching fanatics.

Activity no. React on This

Write a reaction to the following topics. Apply the rules on subject-verb agreement discussed in this
lesson.

a. The power of cellular phones

b. Spending ones leisure through reading
c. Death as a silent theif of the night
 QUARTER 4 MASTERY TEST
A Modified True or False

Write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is False. Then write the correct word or phrase on
the space provided.

_____1. The Bible is the greatest literature that the Israelites have produced.

_____2. The literature of the Israelites is a testimony of their great love and praise for their one God.

_____3. The Psalms are not only songs that celebrate the Lords greatness and goodness but are the most
moving and the most sublime collection of religious poems the world has ever seen.

_____4. The poetry of ancient Israel has rhyme and a regular rhythm.

_____5. The literature of the people of Israel is generally emotional and often passionate.

_____6. Another major characteristic of the writing of Israel is reflective of its peoples great love for
their country.

_____7. The psalms are songs of praise for the saints.

_____8. Moses is considered the greatest legislator.

_____9. The rise of the Arabian empire and the rapid development of its literature were great events
which characterized the Middle Ages.

_____10. It was during the seventh and eight centuries when Arab literature became prevalent in both
East and West.

_____11. Arabian literature is the link that connects ancient literature to modern literature since the Arabs
were responsible ion teaching and in handing down to the Europeans knowledge in arts, literature, and
sciences.

_____12. Africa is called the Dark Continent because of the dark complexion of its people.

_____13. Africa is perceived by the Westerners as a backward continent. Because it is not civilized.

_____14. Such notion that Africa is one primitive country is a construct, meaning, it is a notion invented
by the West.

_____15. It is only in Africa where the wildest animals and most different kinds of species abound.
B. Identification

Identify the important terms, names, and figures pertinent to the literature and history of Arabia and
Africa. Write your answer on the space provided.

_________1. It was the period in European history in which the western world was plunged into
darkness, as brought about by wars, bloodshed, and lawlessness.

_________2. Its is the rebirth of classical learning, art, literature, and science.

_________3. He is considered a true patron of the arts because it was during his reign when Baghdad
became a true center for learning and art.

_________4. It is the Cradle of Islam.

_________5. The greatest book of the Arab.

_________6. It is natures gift to Egypt because it waters the plains of Egypt, yielding in turn, a rich
harvest.

_________7. It is an ancient civilization which built the pyramids.

_________8. The Egyptian gods name.

_________9. It means submission or resignation to the will of god. It is the religion of the Arabs.

_________10. Besides its emotional characteristic, this is another quality of Arabian poetry.

C. Supporting Details

The following is the topic sentence which you will use to develop a paragraph. But first, think of three
supporting details for each that would serve to back up the topic sentence, then write a paragraph.

Today is a sunny day.

Support 1

___________________________________________________________________________________

Support 2

___________________________________________________________________________________

Support 3

___________________________________________________________________________________

Write your paragraph here.

D. Multiple Choice

The following are statements about African literature, history, and culture. Analyze their validity.
Encircle the letter that corresponds to the answer.

1. This is the reason why Africa is called the Dark Continent:

a. Dark complexion of the people.
b. Its remoteness from the rest of the world.
c. The little knowledge most people have of Africa.
d. Its backward civilization.
2. Below are proof that the Arabs are extremely religious, except one. Choose that which does not
apply. Choose that which does not apply.
a. They pray at all hours of the day.
b. They pray to only one god.
c. They prepare a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
d. They follow Moslem customs religiously.
3. This is the Moorish ideal of beauty in women.
a. Voluptuousness
b. Plumpness
c. Angularness
d. Stoutness
4. The Leopard, a folklore from Central Africa, doen not only speak of courage amidst danger but
speaks of a husbands love for his wife. The following are proofs of Kis love for his wife, except
one. Choose that which does not apply.
a. He asked his brother to fetch his wife because he did not want her to travel alone and risk all
kinds of danger.
b. The husband allowed his wife to visit her mother.
c. The unarmed husband threw himself onto the leopard, ready to save his wife from the
leopards claws.
d. He sent through his wife a big piece of meat for his in-laws.
5. African art and music are bound by this common theme, source, and inspiration:
a. Animals
b. Religion
c. Nature
d. Evil spirits