URAIAN PERHITUNGAN

Berdasarkan Log Sheet tanggal 21 Agustus 2017, didapatkan data sebagai berikut:

Flow Gas Alam Masuk = 5369 Nm3

Temperatur Gas Alam = 50oC

Temperatur Exhaust = 450oC = 723,15 K

Energi Listrik yang Dihasilkan = 10,5 MW

% O2 dalam Flue Gas = 14,2 %

Fraksi Heating Value HV x Fraksi

Komponen BM BM . Fraksi
(%) (BTU/scf) (BTU/scf)

N2 34.08 0.40 0.14 0.00 0

CO2 44.01 5.52 2.43 0.00 0

CH4 16.04 85.90 13.78 1010.00 867.59

C2H6 30.07 5.85 1.76 1769.80 103.5333

C3H8 44.10 1.32 0.58 2516.20 33.21384

I-C4H10 58.12 0.25 0.15 3252.10 8.13025

N-C4H10 58.12 0.30 0.17 3262.40 9.7872

I-C5H12 72.15 0.12 0.09 4000.90 4.80108

N-C5H10 72.15 0.08 0.06 4008.80 3.20704

C6H14 86.17 0.26 0.22 5065.80 13.17108

TOTAL 100.00 19.37 Nilai GHV = 1043.43379

Sumber: Data Departemen Laboratorium (Tanggal: 21 Agustus 2017)

 Perhitungan Laju Alir Gas Alam

Laju Alir Gas Alam = 5369 Nm3/jam : 22,414 Nm3/kmol

= 239,537789 kmol x 19,37 kg/kmol

= 4639,84697 kg/jam

= 189604,6233 scf/jam

Perhitungan Neraca Massa (Material Balance)

Diagram Alir Neraca Massa GTG

GAS ALAM Gas Turbine Generator CO2

N2
(GTG) 3006-J H2O
UDARA O2

1. Reaksi yang Terjadi

CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

C2H6 + 7/2 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O

C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

I-C4H10 + 13/2 O2 4 CO2 + 5 H2O

N-C4H10 + 13/2 O2 4 CO2 + 5 H2O

I-C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O

N-C5H10 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O

C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6 CO2 + 7 H2O

2. Perhitungan Teoritis

Basis = 100 kmol Gas Alam

Reaksi Pembakaran O2 Teoritis CO2 Teoritis H2O Terbentuk

Kmol
Komponen (Kmol) (Kmol) (Kmol)

CH4 85.9 171.8 85.9 171.8

C2H6 5.85 20.475 11.7 17.55

C3H8 1.32 6.6 3.96 5.28

I-C4H10 0.25 1.625 1 1.25

N-C4H10 0.3 1.95 1.2 1.5

I-C5H12 0.12 0.96 0.6 0.72

N-C5H10 0.08 0.64 0.4 0.48

C6H14 0.26 2.47 1.56 1.82

CO2 5.52 - 5.52 -

TOTAL 99.6 206.52 111.84 200.4

Perhitungan Komposisi Udara Masuk Teoritis (100 kmol Gas Alam)

a. O2 Teoritis = 206,52 kmol

b. N2 dalam O2 Teoritis = (Perbandingan N2 / O2 Udara) x O2

Teoritis

= (79/21) x 206,52 kmol

= 776,9086 kmol

c. Udara Teoritis = (O2 Teoritis + N2 dalam O2 Teoritis)

 = (206,52 + 776,9086) kmol

= 983,42856 kmol

Perhitungan Komposisi Udara Masuk Teoritis (239,537789 kmol)

776,9086
a. N2 = 230,537789
100

= 1860,9904 kmol

b. O2 = (Perbandingan O2 / N2 Udara) x N2

= (21/79) x 1860,9904 kmol

= 494,6937 kmol

c. N2 in = 100 % x Fraksi N2 dalam Udara

= 100 % x 0,79

= 79 %

d. O2 in = 100% x Fraksi O2 dalam Udara

= 100 % x 0,21

= 21 %

e. Analisa Komposisi Flue Gas, O2 = 14,2%

f. O2 tereaksi = 21 % 14,2 %

= 6,8 %

2
g. % Excess Udara = 100 %
2

14,2 %
= 100 %
6,8 %

= 208,8235 %
 h. O2 Excess = 208,8235 % x O2 Teoritis

= 2,088235 x 206,52 kmol

= 431,2623 kmol

3. Neraca Massa (Material Balance) di GTG

o Input

Laju Alir Mol Fuel (Bahan Bakar) = 239,537789 kmol

(2 + 2 )
a. O2 = x Laju Alir Mol Fuel
100

(206,52 /+ 431,2623 /)
= . 239,537789 /
100 /

= 1527,7296 kmol

b. N2 = (79/21) x 1527,7296 kmol

= 5747,1734 kmol

c. Gas Alam = 239,537789 kmol

o Output

CO2 Dihasilkan
a. CO2 = x Laju Alir Mol Fuel
100

111,84 kmol
= x 239,537789 kmol
100

= 267,8991 kmol

O2 Teoritis
b. O2 = O2 input [ x Laju Alir Mol Fuel ]
100
 214,505
= ( 1527,7296 - [ x 239,537789 ] ) kmol
100

= 1013,9091 kmol

c. N2 = N2 input + N2 dari Gas Alam

= (5747,1734 + (0,4% x 239,537789)) kmol

= (5747,1734 kmol + 0,9582 kmol)

= 5748.1316 kmol

H2 O Terbentuk
d. H2O = x [ Laju Alir Mol Fuel ]
100

200,4
= x 239,537789 kmol
100

= 480,0337 kmol

KOMPONEN INPUT (kmol) OUTPUT (kmol)

Gas Alam 239,537789 -

CO2 - 267,8991

N2 5747,1734 5748.1316

O2 1527,7296 1013,9091

H2O - 480,0337

TOTAL 7514,440789 7509,9735

4. Perhitungan Neraca Panas di GTG

Diagram Alir Neraca Panas di GTG

Q4 Flue Gas to WHB

Q1 Gas Alam Gas Turbine Generator

Q5 FDFan (GTG) 3006-J

Q5 Listrik
FanFan
Q3 Reaksi
Q2 Udara
Q
Q
Q Losses

Q1 Gas Alam (Panas dari Gas Alam)

T = 50 oC = 323,15 K , Tref = 27 oC = 300,15 K

Cp N2 = (29) + (0,2199 x 10-2) T + (0,5723 x 10-5) T2 (2,871 x 10-9) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp N2 = 30,2114 J/mol K = 28,6351 BTU /kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,4% x 239,537789 kmol) .30,414 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q N2 = 631,0444 BTU

Cp CO2 = 36,11 + (4,233 x 10-2) T (2,887 x 10-5) T2 + (7,464 x 10-9) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp CO2 = 47,0260 J/mol K = 44,573 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (5,52% x 239,53778 kmol) .44,573 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q CO2 = 13555,26802 BTU

Cp CH4 = 4,5980 + (1,245 x 10-2) T + (2,686 x 10-6) T2 - (2,703 x 10-9) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp CH4 = 8,82866 Cal/mol K = 35,011524 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (85,9% x 239,53778 kmol) .35,012 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q CH4 = 165694 BTU

Cp C2H6 = 1,2920 + (4,254 x 10-2) T - (1,657 x 10-6) T2 - (2,08 x 10-9) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp C2H6 = 13,3787 Cal/mol K = 53,055403 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (5,85% x 239,53778 kmol) .53,055 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q C2H6 = 17099,7 BTU

Cp C3H8 = -1,009 + (7,315 x 10-2) T - (3,789 x 10-5) T2 + (7,678 x 10-9) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp C3H8 = 18,9318Cal/mol K = 75,0773 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (1,32% x 239,53778 kmol) .75,077 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q C3H8 = 5459,9 BTU

Cp N-C4H10 = 2,266 + (7,313 x 10-2) T - (2,647 x 10-5) T2 - (6,74 x 10-10)

T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp N-C4H10 = 25,05 Cal/mol K = 99,3398 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,12% x 239,53778 kmol) .99,398 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q N-C4H10 = 1368,25 BTU

Cp I-C4H10 = -0,3320 + (9,189 x 10-2) T - (4,409 x 10-5) T2 + (6,92 x 10-9)

T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp I-C4H10 = 24,9915 Cal/mol K = 99,1077 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,3% x 239,53778 kmol) .99,108 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q I-C4H10 = 1638,06 BTU

Cp N-C5H12 = -0,866 + (1,164 x 10-1) T - (6,163 x 10-5) T2 + (1,267 x 10-8)

T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp N-C5H12 = 30,7404 Cal/mol K = 121,9063 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,12% x 239,538 kmol) .121,9063 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q N-C5H12 = 805,952 BTU

Cp I-C5H12 = -2,2750 + (1,21 x 10-1) T - (6,519 x 10-5) T2 + (1,367 x 10-8)

T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp I-C5H12 = 30,4779 Cal/mol K = 120,87318 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,08% x 239,538 kmol) .120,8732 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)

Q I-C5H12 = 532,748 BTU

Cp C6H14 = -1,054 + (1,39 x 10-1) T - (7,449 x 10-5) T2 + (1,551 x 10-8) T3

T = 323,15 K

Maka, Cp C6H14 = 36,6086 Cal/mol K = 145,17728 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = (0,26% x 239,538 kmol) .145,1773 BTU/kmol K .(323,15 K 300,15

K)
 Q C6H14 = 2079,57 BTU

Jadi, Q1 (Panas Fuel Gas) = Q N2 + Q CO2 + Q CH4 + Q C2H6 + Q

C3H8 + Q N-C4H10 + Q I-C4H10 + Q N-C-

5H12 + Q I-C5H12 + Q C6H14

= (631,044 + 13555,24 + 165693,7 +

17099,66 + 5459,895 + 1368,249 +

1638,064 + 805,9523 + 532,748 +

2079,572) BTU

= 2,0886 x 105 BTU

Q2 Udara (Panas dari Udara)

T = 30 oC = 303,15 K , Tref = 27 oC = 300,15 K

Cp O2 = (29,1) + (1,158 x 10-2) T - (0,6076 x 10-5) T2 + (1,311 x 10-9) T3

T = 303,15 K

Maka, Cp O2 = 32,088 J/mol K = 30,414 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 1527,7296 kmol . 30,414 BTU/kmol K . (303,15 K 300,15 K)

Q O2 = 139393,1042 BTU

Cp N2 = (29) + (0,2199 x 10-2) T + (0,5723 x 10-5) T2 (2,871 x 10-9) T3

T = 303,15 K

Maka, Cp N2 = 30,213 J/mol K = 28,6367 BTU /kmol K

 Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 5747,1734 kmol . 28,6367 BTU/kmol K . (303,15 K 300,15 K)

Q N2 = 493740,2414 BTU

Jadi, Q2 (Panas dari Udara) = (139393,1042 + 493740,2414 ) BTU

= 6,3313 x 105 BTU

Q3 Reaksi (Panas Pembakaran Gas Alam)

Q3 = m . GHV

= 189604,6233 scf/jam x 1043,43379 BTU/scf

= 19,7840 x 107 BTU

Q4 Flue Gas (Panas sisa menuju WHB)

T = 400 oC = 723,15 K , Tref = 27 oC = 300,15 K

Cp O2 = (29,1) + (1,158 x 10-2) T - (0,6076 x 10-5) T2 + (1,311 x 10-9) T3

T = 723,15 K

Maka, Cp O2 = 34,7924 J/mol K = 32,9772 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 1013,9091kmol . 32,9772 BTU/kmol K . (723,15 K 300,15 K)

Q O2 = 12,472 x 106 BTU

Cp N2 = (29) + (0,2199 x 10-2) T + (0,5723 x 10-5) T2 (2,871 x 10-9) T3

T = 723,15 K

Maka, Cp N2 = 30,213 J/mol K = 28,6367 BTU /kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 5748,1316 kmol /jam . 28,6367 BTU/kmol K . (723,15 K 300,15 K)

Q N2 = 61,340 x 106 BTU

Cp CO2 = 36,11 + (4,233 x 10-2) T (2,887 x 10-5) T2 + (7,464 x 10-9) T3

T = 723,15 K

Maka, Cp CO2 = 54,53504 J/mol K = 51,670 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 267,8991 kmol . 51,670 BTU/kmol K . (723,15 K 300,15 K)

Q CO2 = 5,8553 x 106 BTU

Cp H2O = 7,701 + (4,59 x 10-4) T + (2,521 x 10-6) T2 (8,59 x 10-10) T3

T = 723,15 K

Maka, Cp H2O = 9,026 kCal/kmol K = 35,7941 BTU/kmol K

Q = m . Cp . (T - Tref)

Q = 480,03337 kmol . 35,7941 BTU/kmol K . (723,15 K 300,15 K)

Q H2O = 7,2681 x 106 BTU

Jadi, Q4 (Panas Flue Gas) = (12,472+61,34+5,8553 +7,2681) x 106

BTU
 = 8,69354 x 107 BTU

Q5 Listrik (Listrik yang Diproduksi)

Q5 = 10,5 MW

1 MW = 106 Watt

103 W = 0,947832 BTU / s

1h = 3600 s

, /
Maka, Q5 = (10,5 x 106 W) x x

= 3,5828 x 107 BTU / jam

Q6 Force Draft Fan

Dari neraca massa, diketahui bahwa V udara masuk = 7274,903 kmol/jam

Maka, V = 7274,903 kmol / jam x 22,414 Nm3 / kmol

= 163059,6758 Nm3 / jam

= 45,2944 Nm3 / s

Jika diketahui , (Dari data pada tanggal 21 Agustus 2017)

P Udara yang dialirkan (P2) = 3 atm = 303975 Pa

P Udara lingkungan (P1) = 1 atm = 101325 Pa

Efisiensi Alat (Design) = 80 %

n Udara = 1,4
 1
1 . 2
Maka, P = . . {[ ] 1} (KW)
60000 1 1

1,41
101325 . 45,2944 1,4 303975 1,4
= . . {[ ] 1} (KW)
60000 1,4 1 101325

= 98,7161 KW

= 93,5648 BTU / s . 3600 s / jam

= 3,3683328 x 105 BTU

5. Menghitung Q Loss

Q Loss = (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) (Q4 + Q5 + Q6)

= (2,0886 x 105 + 6,3313 x 105 + 19,7840 x 107) BTU (8,69354 x

107 + 3,5828 x 107 + 3,3683328 x 105 ) BTU

= 19,8682 x 107 BTU 12,3100 x 107 BTU

= 7,5582 x 107 BTU

6. Menghitung Efisiensi Alat GTG

Efisiensi = x 100 %

19,8682 107 7,5582 107

= x 100 %
19,8682 x 107 BTU

= 62 %