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    Chapter 3 Summary

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    Chapter 3 Summary

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    Chapter 3 Summary

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    NAME _______________________________________ CLASS ______________ DATE __________

    Chapter Summary netw rks


    The American Colonies and Their Government

    Lesson 1 Influences on American Colonial


    Government

    The worlds first democratic society was formed in ancient


    Greece in 400 B.C., although the origins of democracy can be
    traced back to ideas in ancient Judaism.
    The ancient Greeks created a direct democracy where the
    people governed themselves. The ancient Romans created
    the first republic, where the people chose leaders to
    govern them.
    In 1215, English nobles made King John sign the Magna
    Carta, a document limiting the kings powers. By the late
    1300s, a lawmaking body called Parliament had been
    formed.
    In 1688 Parliament transferred power from King James II to
    Mary and William in what is called the Glorious Revolution.
    Mary and William signed the English Bill of Rights,
    guaranteeing rights to English citizens.
    Enlightenment thinkers spread the idea that all people have
    natural rights to life, to freedom, to property ownership, and
    to choice of religion. These thinkers also said a social contract
    obligated governments to serve and protect the people.
    Beginning in 1619, the Jamestown settlers were allowed to
    elect leaders to a House of Burgesses, the first
    representative democracy in colonial America.
    The Pilgrims at Plymouth established the first direct
    democracy in North America in the Mayflower Compact.

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


    Lesson 2 Settlement, Culture, and Government of
    the Colonies

    Colonists from England, Scotland, Wales, and other parts of


    Europe came to America seeking adventure, gold, a chance
    to earn a living, and/or religious freedom.
    Over time, thousands of Africans were brought to the
    colonies against their will to work for the European settlers.
    Climate and geography shaped the colonies into three
    economic regions: the New England Colonies, the Middle
    Colonies, and the Southern Colonies.
    1
    NAME _______________________________________ CLASS ______________ DATE __________

    Chapter Summary netw rks


    The American Colonies and Their Government

    Lesson 2 Settlement, Culture, and Government of


    the Colonies, Cont.

    New England had a cold climate and rocky terrain, so farms


    were small. Most people lived and worked in towns.
    Shipbuilding, fishing, and fur trading were important
    industries.
    In the Middle Colonies the soil was fertile, so farmers raised
    wheat and other cash crops for sale.
    The Southern Colonies warm climate and fertile soil led to
    the creation of plantations worked by enslaved Africans
    Over time, England appointed governors in many colonies
    who protected British interests over those of the colonists.
    Many colonists resented this.

    Lesson 3 Disagreements with Great Britain

    Beginning in 1740, the Great Awakening urged people to


    build a direct relationship with God and to challenge
    traditional religious authority. With the Enlightenment, this
    created a spirit of personal freedom in the colonies.
    In the 1700s, English colonists moved west into areas
    claimed by France. In 1763, Britain defeated France in the
    French and Indian War and took over French lands.
    To pay off its war debts, the British government imposed
    taxes on the colonists. Colonists protested and boycotted,

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


    with acts such as the Boston Tea Party (1773).
    In 1774, representatives from the colonies met at the First
    Continental Congress. The king responded to their requests
    and boycotts by threatening stronger measures.
    In 1775, the Second Continental Congress voted for
    independence and Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration
    of Independence. This was the first document to call for a
    government based on the consent of the governed and has
    become a model for other nations.

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