Germany: Federal Republic of Germany

Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Germany (disambiguation) and Deutschland
(disambiguation).
"Federal Republic of Germany" redirects here. For the country from 19491990, see West Germany.
Coordinates: 51N 9E
Federal Republic of Germany

Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German)[a]
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto:
"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" (de facto)
"Unity and Justice and Freedom"
Anthem: "Deutschlandlied" (third verse only)[b]

"Song of Germany"
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Location of Germany (dark green)
in Europe (green & dark grey)
in the European Union (green)
Capital Berlin[c]
and largest city 5231N 1323E
Official language German[1][d]

and national language
Ethnic groups (2015[2]) 79.0% Germans

11.0% Other Europeans
7.0% Asians
2.3% Middle Eastern
3.5% Turks
0.8% Africans
0.5% Americans
1.7% unspecified
Religion 59.3% Christianity

34.4% Not religious
5.5% Islam
0.8% Other religions[3]
Demonym German
Government Federalconstitutionalparliamentaryrepublic
President Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Chancellor Angela Merkel
President of the Norbert Lammert
Bundestag
President of the Malu Dreyer
Bundesrat
President of the Andreas Vokuhle
FederalConstitutional
Court
Legislature
Upper house Bundesrat

Lower house Bundestag
Area
Total 357,168 km2(137,903 sq mi) (62nd)
Population
2015 estimate 82,175,700[4](16th)
Density 227/km2(587.9/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate

Total $3.980 trillion[5](5th)
Per capita $48,111[5] (18th)
GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate

Total $3.467 trillion[5](4th)
Per capita $41,902[5] (17th)
Gini (2014) 30.7[6]

medium
HDI (2015) 0.926[7]

very high 4th
Currency Euro () (EUR)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)

Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Drives on the right
Calling code 49
ISO 3166 code DE
Internet TLD .de and .eu
Germany (/drmni/ ( listen); German: Deutschland, pronounced [dtlant]), officially the Federal
Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, listen (helpinfo)),[e][8] is
a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers
an area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal
climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the
European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the
world.[9][10] Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is
the Ruhr, with its main centres of Dortmund and Essen. The country's other major cities
are Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Dsseldorf, Leipzig, Bremen, Dresden, Hannov
er and Nuremberg.
Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical
antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period,
the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed
a central part of the Holy Roman Empire.[11] During the 16th century, northern German regions
became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire,
the German Confederation was formed in 1815. The German revolutions of 184849 resulted in
the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights.
In 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-
dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 191819, the Empire
was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic. In 1933 the Nazi seizure of power quickly led
to the establishment of Nazi Germany which was built upon a dictatorship and consequently led
to World War II and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied
occupation, two German states were founded: the democratic West Germany and the socialist East
Germany. Following the Revolutions of 1989 that ended communist rule in Central and Eastern
Europe, the country was reunified on 3 October 1990.[12]
In the 21st century, Germany is a great power with a strong economy; it has the world's 4th largest
economy by nominal GDP, and the 5th largest by PPP. As a global leader in several industrial and
technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. It is
a developed country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled and productive society.
It upholds a social security and universal health care system, environmental protection, and a tuition-
free university education.[13]
The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community in
1957 and the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of
the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G7 (formerly G8),
the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world. Known for
its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential and
successful artists, philosophers, musicians, sportspeople, entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers, and
inventors.

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Germany

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Federal Republic of Germany

Anthem: "Deutschlandlied" (third verse only)[b]

Official language German[1][d]

Ethnic groups (2015[2]) 79.0% Germans

Religion 59.3% Christianity

President Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Upper house Bundesrat

GDP (PPP) 2016 estimate

GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate

Gini (2014) 30.7[6]

HDI (2015) 0.926[7]

Currency Euro () (EUR)

Time zone CET (UTC+1)

Drives on the right

ISO 3166 code DE

Internet TLD .de and .eu

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