Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3K views

    Acknowledgement 2

    Uploaded by

    ocmain
    The document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various parties who contributed to the completion of the author's academic work. It thanks God for inspiration, the head of the author's department for supervision and support, the dean of the school for support, and all the lecturers who imparted knowledge and helped prepare the author for their future. It also thanks the author's parents for starting them on their academic journey, siblings for their support, and husband for encouragement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Acknowledgement 2

    Uploaded by

    ocmain
    3K views11 pages
    The document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various parties who contributed to the completion of the author's academic work. It thanks God for inspiration, the head of the author's department for supervision and support, the dean of the school for support, and all the lecturers who imparted knowledge and helped prepare the author for their future. It also thanks the author's parents for starting them on their academic journey, siblings for their support, and husband for encouragement.

    Original Description:

    yhyhh

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various parties who contributed to the completion of the author's academic work. It thanks God for inspiration, the head of the author's department for supervision and support, the dean of the school for support, and all the lecturers who imparted knowledge and helped prepare the author for their future. It also thanks the author's parents for starting them on their academic journey, siblings for their support, and husband for encouragement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    3K views11 pages

    Acknowledgement 2

    Uploaded by

    ocmain
    The document provides acknowledgements and thanks to various parties who contributed to the completion of the author's academic work. It thanks God for inspiration, the head of the author's department for supervision and support, the dean of the school for support, and all the lecturers who imparted knowledge and helped prepare the author for their future. It also thanks the author's parents for starting them on their academic journey, siblings for their support, and husband for encouragement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    I am thankful to God, whom my source of inspiration came from in writing this


    work and for his infinite mercies, grace,strength support and directions.

    My gratitude goes to my supervisor who is also the Head of Department, Dr. Mrs
    Sally Ibe for dedicating her time and tolerance in making corrections and
    contributions to ensure the work is completed and also for ensuring a conducive
    learning environment to the students.

    My sincere appreciation goes to the Dean, School of Health Technology, Rev. Sr.
    (Prof) E.T. Oparaocha for her support toward the success of the Department.

    I will not fail to acknowledge the entire lecturers in Public Health department,
    who have impacted knowledge positively in me and helped me prepare for the
    future that lies ahead.

    They are as follow:, my class Adviser, Dr.(Mrs) B. Nworu, and all my lecturers, Prof.
    I.N.S Dozie, Prof. O.C. Abanobi, Dr.( Mrs) E.A Nwoke, Dr.O.K Omokorie, Dr. C.O.
    Emerole, Dr. J.N. Njoku, Dr. T.I. Ezejiofor, Dr.G U. ILoh, Dr.U Chukwuocha, Dr. S.I.
    Okoronndu, Dr.I.E. Adieze, Dr.C. Iwuala, Dr.J. Nwaokoro, Dr.O.G. Uduji, Dr.C. Ebirim,
    Dr.(Mrs) C.O.A Amadi, Dr.C Okereke, Dr.(Mrs) C.R. Nwofu, Dr.C. Onoh, Dr. G.N.U.
    Iwuoha, Mrs W. Dozie, Mrs J. Ezelote and Mrs C. Orji for impacting knowledge and
    discipline which has positively influenced my life.

    My profound felicitation goes to my parents, Mr and Mrs John Enyia who started
    me on this journey and have remained the source of my encouragement.

    I would also like to thank my siblings who have in one way or another contributed
    to my academic career.

    I also want to thank my loving husband, Mr Bishop Adimelechi whose care and
    support has encouraged me to this point of my academic career.

    Thank you all!


    CHAPTER ONE

    INTRODUCTION

    1.1 Background information

    Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of life, health and development across the entire
    life Span, from the earliest stages of fetal development, at birth, through infancy,
    childhood and adolescence and on into adulthood and old age. In addition,
    nutrition is an essential foundation for human and national development. Thus,
    monitoring the nutritional status of children and factors influencing it, is a
    fundamental instrument for measuring the population's health.

    According to World Health Organization ( WHO, 2017), nutrition is the intake of


    food, considered in relation to the bodys dietary needs and nutritional status is
    the state of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.

    Nutritional status of children is an indictor of the level of development and future


    potential of the community. The nutritional status of infants and children is of
    concern since the the early years of life are crucial for optimal growth and
    development (preschulck, Aldana and Hassan, 2009). Nutrition is believed to be
    very essential for socio economic growth of the country and is an essential
    component of Millennium Development Goals.

    Malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems of developing


    countries where resources are very limited. An estimated 54% of all childhood
    death occurs globally because of malnutrition (WHO, 2016). The common cause of
    malnutrition is lack of access to nutritious food. Poor feeding habit, such as
    inadequate breast feeding, offering the wrong foods, and not ensuring that the
    child gets enough nutritious food, contribute to malnutrition. Respiratory
    infections, frequent diarrhea, malaria also undermines a child's nutritional status.

    A study by Tufin Malambugi (2010) showed that mothers with informal or primary
    education had more severely stunted children compared to secondary school
    leavers. And that birth weight, diseases, type of food and weaning age were
    factors influencing nutritional status of children. Another study by Endris, Asefa
    and Dune (2017), indicated that, age of child was found to be significantly
    associated with nutritional status, as the age of the child increases, the risk of
    being malnourished increases. Endris et al stated that, their findings was in line
    with other studies done in Tigray region, Nigeria and Bangladesh, and gave late
    introduction of supplementary food with low nutritional quality and neglecting to
    fulfill optimal food requirements of children as their age increases as possible
    reasons why malnutrition increases with age. Another important factor that
    influences nutritional status of under five children is family income (Endris et al,
    2017).

    The causes of malnutrition and other health problems related to nutrition are
    complex and involves multiple factors. Emphasis should be given on maternal
    education, proper child nutrition and improvement of socio economic status to
    reduce the burden of childhood malnutrition and other health issues related to
    nutrition.

    1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

    Undernutrition among children remains common in many parts of the world.


    According to (WHO,2011), about 178 million children under five years worldwide
    are too short for their age group, while 115 children are under weight. The same
    report showed that stunting rate is among children is higher in Africa and Asia
    than elsewhere.

    In a fact sheet released by United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in 2015, 37%
    or 6 million children in Nigeria are stunted, 18% suffer from wasting and 29% are
    under weight. Also in the same report sheet,50% of Nigeria children from rural
    areas are stunted, 80% whose mothers have no education are under weight and
    80% from the poorest 20% households are suffering from wasting.

    Information on nutritional status of children under five years is an indictor of the


    nutritional situation in a society. A good understanding of the nutritional situation
    and factors influencing nutritional status of an area is necessary for improved
    planning in order to change the situation. This study is geared towards
    investigating factors that influence nutritional status of under five children in Obile
    community and suggest ways of improving their nutritional status.

    1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

    1.3.1 General Objective

    The general objective of this study is to determine the factors influencing the
    nutritional status of under five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state.

    1.3.2. Specific Objectives

    i. To assess the nutritional status of under five children in Obile,


    Ohaji/Egbema LGA, Imo state.

    ii. To ascertain influence of mother's educational level on nutritional status of


    under five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state.

    iii. To ascertain the influence of family income on nutritional status of under


    five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state.

    iv. To determine if age of child influences nutritional status of under five


    children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state.

    1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

    I. What is the nutritional status of under five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema


    LGA Imo state?

    II. Does mother's educational level influence the nutritional status of under
    five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state?

    III. Is there an association between family income and nutritional status of


    under five children in Obile, Ohaji/Egbema LGA Imo state?

    IV. Does age of child influence nutritional status of under five children?
    1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

    This study will help identity the factors influencing nutritional status of under five
    children and how they can be controlled. This study is also significant in educating
    Obile people and the general public on how to identify factors influencing
    nutritional status of under five children.

    In addition, identifying nutritional status of under five children in Obile helps to


    reduce malnutrition and other sicknesses associated with poor nutritional status
    in under five children, helps the children grow healthy, happily and normally with
    good brain and body development. It also helps reduce antisocial behaviors in the
    society, thereby, creating a free and safe zone for all and sundry. Finally,
    identifying nutritional status of under five children reduces the expenses made by
    parents due to frequent visit to the hospital, helps generate more income to
    parents and society when children grow up healthy, helps the government
    increase work force and income in the country and also helps in public health by
    reducing maternal and child mortality.

    1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

    The variables of interest includes: Influence of mother's educational level, age of


    child and family income on nutritional status of under five years. This study is
    limited to under five children who were born and live in Obile community.

    1.7. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS


    Nutritional status: Nutritional status is a measure of the health condition of an
    individual as affected primarily by the intake of food and utilization of nutrients.

    Under-five children: children below the age of five.


    Malnutrition: This refers to the lack of adequate nourishment in a child.

    Wasting: pronounced loss of body mass.


    Stunting: A check in growth

    Influence: This is the power to control, affect or manipulate nutritional status.

    Factors: An agent or representative that determines nutritional


    CHAPTER THREE

    3.1. STUDY DESIGN

    This is a community based, cross- sectional, descriptive survey study.

    3.2 AREA OF STUDY

    Ohaji/Egbema is an oil-rich Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its


    headquarters is Mmahu-Egbema. It has an area of 890 km and a population of
    182,538 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 464. The local council
    lies in the south-western part of Imo State. It shares common boundaries with
    Owerri in the East, Oguta LGA in the North and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni in Rivers
    State in the South-west. Agriculture is the mainstay of the people. Faming,
    Fishing, Palm Oil processing, Hunting, and animal husbandry are vigorously
    practiced. A good number of big companies, government agencies and voluntary
    organizations have established farms in the various areas of the local government.
    There is Adapalm (Nig) Ltd at Ohaji, Rubber Estate at Obitti, forest Reserve at
    Ekugba etc. These serve as tourism attraction centers for visitors to the area.
    Ohaji/Egbema has the following 16 autonomous communities: Egbema,
    Umuagwo, Oloshi, Umunkwaku, Obile, Obitti, Mgbirichi/Alakuru, Opuoma, Assa,
    Awarra, Ikwerede, Umuokanne, Obiakpu, Ohoba, Obosima, Mmahu. For the
    purpose of this study, the community to be focused on will be Obile community.

    Obile is an autonomous community in Ohaji/Egbema LGA of Imo state.


    Obile is an Igbo speaking village with three villages namely; Umuoboke,
    Umuikpo and Umuosu. These three communities are further divided
    into clans and then kindreds.
    The village is inhabited by men, women and children. And their major
    occupation is farming. Obile use to be a very peaceful place until the
    recent crisis due to cultism. Obile has a population of about 3000
    people with the ratio of male equal to that of the female.

    Obile is bounded In the East by Assa, in the west by Aggah, in the north
    by Amafor and in the south by Etekwuru all in Ohaji/Egbema LGA except
    for Aggah which is in rivers state.

    The community monarchy is ruled by Ezeand their major religion is


    Christianity. The major churches include, the saint Mary's Catholic
    church, Baptist church of God and Overcomers ministry.

    3.3 STUDY POPULATION

    The study population for this study includes children within the age of 0
    - 59 months.

    3.4. SAMPLING G SIZE AND SAMPLING METHOD

    3.4.1. Sample size

    Eventual sample size ----> 364

    Using, Taro yamene formula 2 calculate sample size.

    n= N/1+N(e)^2

    Where,

    e =0.05^2, N = total population and n =?


    n= 4000/1+4000(0.05)^2

    n= 4000/11

    n= 363.63~ 364

    3.5. Sampling method

    Purposive sampling method will be used to select a Community in Ohaji/ Egbema.


    And Obile will be selected for this study. Then clans in each village in Obile will be
    list out and a simple random sampling method will be used, in which one clan
    from each village will be selected to represent the three villages.

    3.5. INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

    The instrument used is the questionnaire. Questionnaire for Determining the


    factors influencing nutritional status in under-five.
    The questionnaire consists of four sections namely; section one containing
    personal data of each respondent, section two containing questions pertaining to
    children nutritional status and socioeconomic variables, section three containing
    questions that relate to the level of knowledge of nutritional status and how it
    influences the nutritional status of a child and section four contains questions
    related to the medical history of the respondent child/children.

    3.6 VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT

    The questionnaire constructed by the researcher was properly examined by her


    supervisor.
    3.7. RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS

    In order to test the reliability of the items of the questionnaire, it was


    administered to group of women with under-five children in the selected kindreds
    in the three villages selected in Obile community and their opinion was recorded.
    After one week, same questions were redistributed to same group of women and
    same response was gotten. This showed the items on the questionnaire were
    reliable.

    The reliabilty was determined through the Test-Retest method.

    3.8. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

    The questionnaire was administered to the respondents after an informed


    consent was obtained. The literate respondents were allowed to fill the
    questionnaire themselves but for the non-literate respondents, the questions
    were asked in local language and their responses were filled by the researcher.

    You might also like