Statistics Workbook

OMEGA LEARNING
SOLUTIONS
STATISTICS
Practice Questions A self study guide

CSEC Curriculum
for CXC Math
Detailed Solutions
Students
John Spencer
Omega Education Unit
CXC MATHEMATICS
Workbook & Tutorial
Series
Statistics
Author: John Spencer MBA (Dist), M. Sc, B. Sc.
Former Senior Lecturer and Head of Section- University of Technology - Jamaica

Former Lecturer John Donaldson Technical Institute - Trinidad
All rights reserved. No part of this document must be reproduced stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author.

Mandeville, Jamaica
Email: cxcdirect@live.com
Web: website: www.cxcdirect.schools.officelive.com
Telephone: 876 469-2775, 876 860-5263
First printed October 2009

Contents
General Concepts 3
Ungrouped data 4
Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode) 4
Frequency Table 5
Cumulative Frequency Table 5
Grouped Data 8
Cumulative Frequency curve 8
Measures of dispersion (Range, IQR, SIQR) 8
Pie Charts 15
Frequency polygon 17
Probability ( Experimental and Theoretical) 20
Sample space 20
Answers to Activity Questions 24
Omega Education Unit - 876-469-2775

Email: cxcdirect@live.com, website: www.cxcdirect.schools.officelive.com
2
1
MODULE 7
Statistics & Probability

Statistics - General concepts
# Item Ungrouped Data (x) Grouped Data (x)
f .x
1 Mean
n f . x mid
n
If n is the total number of items, the Q2, the median, is the value corresponding to
th th
median is the value (1/2(n+1) ranked the 1/2(n) ranked item on the cumulative
2 Median - Q2 item in the cumulative frequency table frequency Curve
Value with highest frequency as estimated by

3 Mode Value with the highest frequency construction using the histogram
4 Class Interval n/a grouping of the data ex. ( 40 to 45 )
The starting and ending values as defined in the

class boundaries ex. Lower class limit LCL = 40
5 Class Limits n/a and Upper class limit UCL = 45
If lower class limit = 40, then the lower class

boundary = 39.5. similarly if upper class limit =
6 Class boundaries n/a 45, then the upper class boundary = 45.5
Class width = ( upper class boundary - lower

class boundary) ** n.b ** be careful not to use
the class limits in this equation as this will be
7 Class Class width n/a incorrect.
Cumulative Table of the data x, and the cumulative Table of the data x, and the cumulative
8 frequency table frequency frequency
Cumulative Graph of upper class limit and Cumulative

frequency curve - frequency, OR, graph of upper class boundary
9 Ogive n/a and cumulative frequency.
If n is the total number of items, Q1 is

the value of the item at position If n is the total number of items, Q1 is the value
th th
Lower Quartile - 1/4(n+1) in the cumulative frequency of the item at position 1/4(n) in the cumulative
10 Q1 table frequency Curve - Ogive
th th
Middle quartile - Q2 is the value of the 1/2(n+1) ranked Q2 is the value of the 1/2(n) ranked item in the
11 Q2 item the cumulative frequency table cumulative frequency Curve
th th
Upper Quartile - Q3 is the value of the 3/4(n+1) ranked Q3 is the value of the 3/4(n) ranked item on the
12 Q3 item in the cumulative frequency table cumulative frequency Curve
Interquartile
13 Range- IQR Q3 - Q1 Q3 - Q1
Semi- Interquartile
14 Range- SIQR 1/2(Q3-Q1) 1/2(Q3-Q1)

3
Example 7.1 Ungrouped data

4. What is mean number of medals won
In a school basketball competition, the number of medals 5. What is the modal number of medals won
won in the year 2001 is shown on the histogram above. 6. What is the median number of medals won
7. If a school is chosen at random, calculate
1. Draw a frequency table from the information given the probability that it won:
in the graph exactly 3 medals
2. How many schools participated in basketball less that three medals
competition more than 4 medals
3. What is the total number of basketball medals won
either 2 or 3 medals
in 2001

4
Solution: 7.1 # schools with exactly three medals
=
total # schools
1. Frequency Table 6 3
= =
# Medals # Schools (f)
40 20
0 5 ***************************************************
1 8
2 16 # schools with3 medals
P (medals < 3) =
3 6 total schools
4 3 168 5 29
= =
5 2 40 40
Total schools 40
******************************************
2. Number of schools in competition = 40 # schools with4 medals

P (medals > 4) = total schools
3. Total medals won by all the schools 2 1
= =
= (5 x 0) + (8 x 1) + (16 x 2) +(6 x 3) + (3 x 4) 40 20
+ (2 x 5) = 80
4. The mean number of medals won = total medals over ***************************************************

total schools = 80/40 = 2
5. Modal number of medals won = 2 since the highest

P ( 2 or 3 medals)
number of schools won 2 medals
# schools with 3 medals = 6
6. The median number of medals won:
# schools with 2 medals = 16
We need to draw a cumulative frequency table to find the
median.
16 6
so: P ( 2 or 3 medals) =
Cumulative frequency table 40
# Schools Cumulative 22 11
# Medals (frequency) frequency = =
40 20
0 5 5
1 8 13
2 16 29
3 6 35
4 3 38
5 2 40
The median is the value corresponding to the

( n+1)th ranked school
= ( 40+1)th = 20.5th ranked school
where: 20.5th is the average of the 20th and 21st ranked

schools
From the cumulative frequency table, the shaded number

indicates that two medals each were awarded to schools
that were ranked greater than 13th and less than or equal to
29th. That is: ( 14, 15, 16 20, 21,29).
So the 20th and 21st ranked school had 2 medals each:
so median = 2
Frequency of observation
7. 1 P (medals = 3) =
total frequency
Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

5
Activity 7.1 Ungrouped data
The graph above shows the points gained by students

who participated in a quiz.
1. Draw a frequency table to represent the

information.
2. How many students participated in the Quiz
3. What is the total number of points awarded.
4. What is the mean number of points received
5. What is the modal number of points received.
6. What is the probability that a student chosen at

random will get:
at least 2 points
less than 2 points.
7. A prize will be given to any student who gets 3 or
more points.. What is the probability that
8. a student chosen at random will receive a prize
1. Frequency Table
# Points (x) # Students (f) f x
Total

6

7
Example 7.2 Grouped data <= Upper class limit of
Cumulative Frequency
height
# Students Cumulative <=145 10
Height (cm)
(f) Frequency
<= 150 55
141 - 145 10 10 <=155 150
146 - 150 45 55 <=160 270
151 - 155 80 135 <= 165 345
156 - 160 115 250 <= 170 370
161 - 165 75 325 <= 175 384
166 - 170 25 350 Tip:

If the question says [ <= or >] , Plot the upper class limit Vs.
171 - 175 10 360 Cum. Frequency.
If the question says [< or >= ] Plot upper class boundary Vs.
Cum. Frequency.
The table above shows the height of students in a
particular institution. Cumulative frequency curve
Draw the cumulative frequency curve to represent 1. The median Q2 correspond to the 1/2 n th ranked student,
the data. where n = 360.
So Q2 is the height that corresponds to the 180th ranked
From the curve drawn, estimate the following: student on the curve.
1. The median height
2. The inter quartile range of the heights Q2 = 156.5 cm
3. The number of students who are taller than 160 cm
4. The probability that a student chosen at random Similarly Q1 corresponds to the height of the n th ranked
will be between 150cm and 160cm inclusive. or the 90th student
Q1 = 152 cm
Solution: also Q3 corresponds to the height of the 3/4 n th ranked or

Since we will need to find # students who are taller than the 270th student
160cm, we will use the upper class limit and plot a
less than or equal to (<= ) curve. Q3 = 161 cm
2. Inter quartile range = Q3 Q1 = 161 152 = 9 cm
***************************************************
3.
# of students with height <= 160 = 250 (fr. graph)
so # of students with height > 160 = 360 250 = 110
***************************************************
4.From Chart: # students with height <= 160 = 250
and # students with height <= 150 = 55
# students between 150cm and 160 cm
= 250 55 = 195 students
Total students measured = 360
P ( 150 <= height <= 160) = 195 / 360
= 0.54

8
Activity 7.2 - Grouped data Waiting Time
A cable company conducted a survey to determine the amount # Customers Cumulative Frequency
(mins)
of time customers had to wait in line for service at one of
their locations. The data from the survey is shown below. 1-5 7
1. Fill out the cumulative frequency column of the 6 - 10 12
table
2. Draw the cumulative frequency curve. 11 - 15 16
3. Determine the number of customers who waited
for more than 19 minutes 16 - 20 21
4. What is the probability that a randomly chosen 21 - 25 28
customer will have to wait between 19 and 25
minutes. 26 - 30 11
5. The target for the company is that no more than
31 - 35 5
10% of its customers should wait more than 30
mins.
6. State , giving reasons whether this target is being
met

9
Activity 7.2 contd.
# Question Answer
# customers who waited longer

1
than 19 mins
2 P(19<= x <= 25)
% of customers waiting longer

3
than 30 mins .

10
Example 7.3 Mid point # students or
The marks obtained by students who took a college Marks (x)
x mid frequency (f)
f x mid
entrance exam is shown in the frequency table.
Complete the table and draw a cumulative frequency curve 1-5 3 3 9
6 - 10 8 7 56
Determine:
11 - 15 13 12 156
1. The mean marks of the students
2. The number of students who scored less than 25 16 - 20 18 21 378
marks 21 - 25 23 28 644
3. the probability that a randomly chosen student will 26 - 30 28 14 392
score between 25 and 30 marks
31 - 35 33 11 363
4. The pass mark if there are places available for
only 38 applicants 36 - 40 38 4 152
Solution:
Sum = 100 2150
Since we are asked to find # students who score "less than"

25 marks, we will use upper class boundary and plot a
Mean=
f x mid =
2150
= 21.5 marks
"less than" curve f 100
Frequency table n.b x mid = (upper limit + lower limit) /2

Upper class Cumulative
Marks frequency (f)
Boundary Frequency 2.
1-5 3 < 5.5 3 Since the curve is a "less than " curve, the number of who
6 - 10 7 < 10.5 10 scored less than 25 marks can be read directly from the
graph.
11 - 15 12 < 15.5 22
So # students that corresponds to ( < 25) = 68
16 - 20 21 < 20.5 43
21 - 25 28 < 25.5 71 3.
26 - 30 14 < 30.5 85 The probability that a student will score between 25 and
30 marks is equal to the proportion of students who score
31 - 35 11 < 35.5 96
between 25 and 30 marks.
36 - 40 4 < 40.5 100
1. Mean of the frequency distribution: # students scoring less than 25 marks = 68
# students scoring less than 30 marks = 83
# scoring between 25 and 30 marks = 83 68 = 15
so Probability of a randomly selected student scoring

15
between 25 and 30 marks = = 0.15
100
4.
If 38 places are available, then number of applicants who
must fail = 100 38 = 62.
From the graph, 62 applicants got less than 24 marks, so
the pass mark is 24.
Tip: Always draw dotted lines on your graph to show how your
answers are obtained

11
Activity 7.3 From your curve, estimate:
The marks obtained by 100 foreign students who sat an 1. The median mark.
English exam is shown below. 2. The probability that a randomly selected
Complete the tables and: student scored at least 80.
Find the mean mark. 3. The number of students who scored between
1. Draw the cumulative frequency curve. 40 and 60 marks
4. The pass mark if 75% of the students failed
the exam.

12
Frequency distribution
# Students x mid f x mid
Marks (x)
(f)
1 - 10 1 5.5 5.5
11 - 20 4
22 - 30 6
33 - 40 19
44 - 50 25
55 - 60 17
66 - 70 11
77 - 80 4
88 - 90 2
99 - 100 1
Sum =
Mean =
Cumulative frequency table

Cumulative
Marks # Students Marks
Frequency
1 - 10 1 < 10.5 1
11 - 20 4
22 - 30 6
33 - 40 19
44 - 50 25
55 - 60 17
66 - 70 11
77 - 80 4
88 - 90 2
99 - 100 1

13

14
Example 7.4 Pie Chart The proportion of time spent on an activity will be used
to determine the probability of that activity occurring.
During a particular 24 hour period, a teacher estimates that
her time was spent on different activities as shown in the n.b: P(x) = Probability of the event x occurring
table below.
P ( Resting ) = 8/24 = 1/3
Subject Time (hr)
P ( Other activities) = 2/24 = 1/12
Mathematics 6
English 4 P ( mathematics or Science) = (6 + 4)/24
= 10/24 = 5/12
Science 4
Resting 8 P (not doing English) = 1 P( doing English)
Other activities 2 so: P(doing English = 4/24 = 1/6
P (not doing English) = 1 - 1/6 = 5/6
1. Draw a pie chart to represent the information given in
the table.
2. What is the probability that in any particular hour

chosen at random, the teacher is:
Resting
Doing Other activities
Doing Science or Mathematics.
NOT doing English
Solution:
The pie chart is drawn so that 24hrs represents 360o.

'ote that the chart is arranged in ascending order
Time
Subject Angle
hrs)
Other 2 30
English 4 60
Science 4 60
Mathematics 6 90
Rest 8 120
Total 24 360
Other - 30o
rest - 120o English - 60o
Science - 60o
Mathematics - 90o

15
Activity 7.4
A random sample of 1000 students were surveyed to

determine how they traveled to school.
The results were as follows
Type of
# students
transportation
300 Walk
100 Private Car
400 Public Taxi
200 Bus
1. Draw a pie chart to represent the result.

2. What is the probability that a randomly selected
student:
walks to school
Travels by taxi or private car
Does not take the bus
Solution:

16
Example 7.5
x mid # Teams (f)
The number of points scored by teams in a competition is shown
below: 5 4
10 17
Points # Teams
15 25
3-7 4
20 11
8 - 12 17
25 3
13 - 17 25
18 - 22 11
23 - 27 3
Frequency Polygon
1. Determine the number of teams
2. The mean number of points scored
3. Calculate the probability that a team chosen at random will:
score at most 17 points
score between 13 and 22 points - inclusive
4. Draw a frequency polygon to represent the data
Solution:
Points (x) # Teams (f) x mid f. x mid
3-7 4 5 20
8 - 12 17 10 170
13 - 17 25 15 375
18 - 22 11 20 220
23 - 27 3 25 75
Total f = 60 f x mid = 860
1. # Teams = 60
2. Mean number of points =

f x mid
=
860
= 14.33
f 60
3. # teams scoring <= 17 points = 4 + 17 + 25 = 46
46
so : P( score <= 17 points) = = 0.767
60
# teams scoring between 13 and 22 points = 15 + 20 = 35

35
so : P( 13<= score <= 22) = = 0.58 to 2 d.p
60
4. Frequency Polygon plots x mid Vs frequency

17
Activity 7.5
Determine:
The level of water in a vessel was measured over a period of time 1. The mean water level
and the results shown in the table below. 2. The probability that on any day chosen at random, the
water level is:
Level ( cm) # days
i) at least 21 cm
1-5 4 ii) between 11 and 20 cm, both levels inclusive.
6 - 10 9
3. Draw a frequency polygon to represent the data
11 - 15 6
16 - 20 4 Use 2cm to represent a level of 5cm on the x axis and 1cm
to represent 1day on the y axis.
21 - 25 2
26 - 30 1
Solution:
Level (x) # days (f) x mid f. x mid

18
Activity 7.5 contd

19
Probability: Solution:
number of red balls
1. P ( red ball ) =
Experimental probability: Total # of balls
10
= = 0.5
If 50 out of 300 students got more that 60 marks on a 20
math test, then the probability that a student selected
at random got more than 60 marks is given by: 2. Given that a red ball has been removed
9
P ( > 60 ) = 50/300 = 1/6 P (red ball) = = 0.47
19
This is an experimental probability, which can be
determined from the results of a survey or an 3. Given that two red ball have been removed
experiment. 6
P (yellow ball) = = 1/3
18
Theoretical probability: But: The probability of NOT choosing a yellow ball is 1
minus the probability of choosing a yellow ball
If a box contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls, then we
can find the probability of choosing a red ball using P(Not a yellow ball) = 1 P (yellow ball)
= 1 1/3 = 2/3
the formula:
4. P ( yellow or green ball)
number of favorable outcomes
P (of an event) = # yellow balls + # green balls
total number of possible outcomes =
total balls
5 5 3
so P (red ball) = = = 8/14 = 0.57
8 14
This is an example of theoretical probability.
5. P (red and red) = P ( 1st red ball) x P(2nd red ball)
Example 7.6 P( 1st red ball) = 8 / 16 = 0.5

A jar contains 10 red balls, 4 green balls and 6 yellow balls. P( 2nd red ball) = 7 / 15 = 0.466 ( 1st ball not replaced)
P (red and red) = 0.5 x 0.466 = 0.233
1. Determine the probability of choosing a red ball
2. If the red ball is not replaced, find the probability of
now choosing another red ball.
3. If the two red balls are not replaced, find the
probability of NOT choosing a yellow ball.
If the Jar above now contains 6 red balls, 3 green balls

and 5 yellow balls.
4. What is the probability of choosing a yellow ball or a

green ball
If the Jar above now contains 8 red balls, 2 green balls

and 6 yellow balls.
5. What is the probability of selecting a red ball

followed by another red ball without replacing the
first ball.

20
Notes
Example 7.6
In a certain school, there is a 58% chance that a girl

will be captain of the annual debating team.
Over the next three years, Find the probability that
1. all three team captains are boys
2. at least one team captain is a girl
Solution:
P ( boy as captain) = 1 P (Girl as captain)

= 1 0.58 = 0.42
The probability of three boys being captain over the next

three years = P ( boy, boy, boy)
= P(boy) x P(boy) x P(boy) = (0.42)(0.42)(0.42) =.074
The probability of selecting at least one girl is

= 1 P( boy, boy, boy) = 1 0.074 = 0.926
Example 7.7
Three fair coins are tossed:

Draw the sample space and determine the probability of
Exactly two heads appearing
At least two heads appearing
Solution:
The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes, U
where :
U = {HHH, HHT, HTT, HTH; THH, TTH, THT, TTT}
1. There are 3 outcomes with exactly two heads

( HHT, HTH, THH) so:
P( exactly two heads) = 3/8
2. There are four outcomes with at least two heads

( HHH, HHT, HTH, THH) so:
P( at least two heads) = 4/8 = 1/2

21
Example 7.8 P A B C = P A P B P C
7
In a biscuit manufacturing plant, a pack of biscuit will be = (1/60)(1/100)(1/1000) = 1.6710
rejected if it has any one of the following three possible
defects.
A: The pack is not sealed so P A B C = 0.0276
B: The pack is underweight - 1.6710 4
C: The blend is wrong
5
- 1.6710
Given that these three events can occur independently of 5
- 1 10
each other. And that P(A) = 1/60; P(B) = 1/100
and P(C) = 1/1000, and that : 7
+ 1.67 10
P A B C = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P A B - = 0.02747

P AC - P B C + P A B C 4.Given 20,000 packs produced per shift and :
Find P(A or B or C ) = 0.02747

the probability that a pack of biscuit # rejects = 0.0274720,000 = 549 packs
1. will exhibit A, B and C (all three defects).
2. Will exhibit A and B
3. Will exhibit A, or B, or C
4. The plant produces 20,000 packs of biscuit on

each shift. Estimate the number of rejected packs
per shift
Solution
1. P(A and B and C) = P A P B P C
= (1/60)(1/100)(1/1000)
= 1.67107
2. P(A and B) = P A P B
= ( 1/60)(1/100)
= 1.6710 4
3. P (A or B or C) = P A BC
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1/60+1/100+1/1000 = 0.0276
4
P A B = P A P B = 1.6710
1 1
P AC = P A P C =
60 1000
5
= 1.6710
1 1
P B C = P B P C =
100 1000
5
= 1 10

22
Activity 7.6 Activity 7.7
A bag contains 15 red balls, 4 green balls and 6 white
In a certain village, there is a 62% chance that a male
balls.
will be chosen to lead an annual fund raising event.
1. Find the probability of choosing a white ball followed
by a green ball without replacing the balls.
Over the next three years, Find the probability that
1. all three fundraisers will have a male leader
If the bag contains 11 red balls, 4 green balls and 5 white
2. at least one fundraiser will be led by a female
balls.
2. Find the probability of :

Choosing a red or a green ball
NOT choosing a red ball

23
Answers to Activity
Omega Education Unit Questions:
Activity: 7.3
Activity: 7.1
# Points (x) # Students (f)
Marks (x) # Students (f) x mid f x mid
0 4
1 - 10 2 5.5 11
10
11 - 20 5 15.5 77.5
2 17
21 - 30 7 25.5 178.5
3 6 31 - 40 20 35.5 710
4 3 41- 50 26 45.5 1183

51 - 60 18 55.5 999
61 - 70 12 65.5 786
2. # students = 40
71- 80 5 75.5 377.5
3. # points = 74
4. Mean = 74 / 40 = 1.85 81 - 90 3 85.5 256.5
5. Mode = 2 (corresponds to highest frequency) 91 - 100 2 95.5 191
6. P(x >= 2) = (17+6+3)/40 = 0.65 Sum = 100 4770
7. P(x < 2) = (10+4)/40 = = 14/40 = 0.35
8. P(x >=3) = (6+3)/40 = = 9/40 = 0.225 1. Mean = (4770/100) = 47.7
Cumulative
Marks # Students < Marks
Frequency
1 - 10 2 < 10.5 2
Activity: 7.2
'11 - 20 5 < 20.5 7
Waiting Time (mins) # Customers Cumulative Frequency
22 - 30 7 < 30.5 14
1-5 7 7
33 - 40 20 < 40.5 34
6 - 10 12 19
44 - 50 26 < 50.5 60
11 - 15 16 35
55 - 60 18 < 60.5 78
16 - 20 21 56
66 - 70 12 < 70.5 90
21 - 25 28 84
77 - 80 5 < 80.5 95
26 - 30 11 95
88 - 90 3 < 90.5 98
31 - 35 5 100
99 - 100 2 < 100.5 100
from graph:
2. # customers > 19 mins = (100-52) = 48 2. Median = 46
3. P(19<= x <= 25) = (84-52)/100 = 0.32 3. P( >=80) = (100 95 )/100 = .05
4. % customers > 30 mins = (100-95)/100 = 5% so target of less than 4. # students scoring between 40 and 60 marks = 78 - 34 = 44
10% is being met. 5. Pass mark = 58
24
Activity: 7.6
P(white and green) = (6/25)(4/24) = 1/25
P(red or green) = 3 / 4 ; P (not Red) = 9/20
Activity: 7.7
3
P(male,male,male) = 0.62 = 0.238
Activity: 7.4 3
p(at least one female) = 1 - 0.62 = 0.761
car - 36o
Bus - 72o
Public Taxi - 144o
Walk - 108o
2. P(walk) = 300/1000 = 0.3

3. P(taxi or car) = (400+100)/1000 = 0.5
4. ( 'ot Bus) = 1 P(bus) = 1 (200/1000 ) = 0.8
Activity: 7.5
Level (x) # days (f) X_mid f. x_mid

1-5 0 0 0
1-5 4 3 12
6 - 10 9 8 72
11 - 15 6 13 78
16 - 20 4 18 72
21 - 25 2 23 46
26 - 30 1 28 28
sum 26 308
10
9
8
7
6
# days
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Level
Mean = 11.8, P(>=21) = 3/26; P(11 <= x <=20) = 10/26=5/13

25
CXC
MATHTHEMATICS
WORKBOOK SERIES
STATISTICS
J Spencer
This is a self study guide and workbook for students preparing to sit the Caribbean Examination
Councils CSEC examination in mathematics.
Titles in the series:

Functions &Relations
Graphs
Statistics *
Matrices
Vectors
Transformation
Matrix Transformation
Please vote in our community forum to recommend other titles
About the Author:
John Spencer is a former Senior Lecturer and Head of section- at the University of Technology Jamaica, and a former
Lecturer at the John Donaldson Technical Institute Trinidad & Tobago.

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OMEGA LEARNING

Practice Questions A self study guide

Author: John Spencer MBA (Dist), M. Sc, B. Sc.

Former Senior Lecturer and Head of Section- University of Technology - Jamaica

Omega Education Unit

First printed October 2009

Omega Education Unit

Omega Education Unit - 876-469-2775

Statistics & Probability

# Item Ungrouped Data (x) Grouped Data (x)

Value with highest frequency as estimated by

4 Class Interval n/a grouping of the data ex. ( 40 to 45 )

The starting and ending values as defined in the

If lower class limit = 40, then the lower class

Class width = ( upper class boundary - lower

Cumulative Graph of upper class limit and Cumulative

If n is the total number of items, Q1 is

Omega Education Unit - 876-469-2775

Example 7.1 Ungrouped data

Omega Education Unit - 876-469-2775

2. Number of schools in competition = 40 # schools with4 medals

4. The mean number of medals won = total medals over ***************************************************

5. Modal number of medals won = 2 since the highest

The median is the value corresponding to the

where: 20.5th is the average of the 20th and 21st ranked

From the cumulative frequency table, the shaded number

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

The graph above shows the points gained by students

1. Draw a frequency table to represent the

6. What is the probability that a student chosen at

# Points (x) # Students (f) f x

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

161 - 165 75 325 <= 175 384

166 - 170 25 350 Tip:

Solution: also Q3 corresponds to the height of the 3/4 n th ranked or

2. Inter quartile range = Q3 Q1 = 161 152 = 9 cm

Total students measured = 360

P ( 150 <= height <= 160) = 195 / 360

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

# customers who waited longer

2 P(19<= x <= 25)

% of customers waiting longer

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Since we are asked to find # students who score "less than"

Frequency table n.b x mid = (upper limit + lower limit) /2

# scoring between 25 and 30 marks = 83 68 = 15

so Probability of a randomly selected student scoring

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Cumulative frequency table

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

2. What is the probability that in any particular hour

The pie chart is drawn so that 24hrs represents 360o.

rest - 120o English - 60o

Omega Education Unit 876 - 469-2775

A random sample of 1000 students were surveyed to