Simulation of HVDC Control and Transmission Lines Protection Based On Pscad/Emtdc
Simulation of HVDC Control and Transmission Lines Protection Based On Pscad/Emtdc
Abstract. HVDC control and protection system was introduced in this paper. The control generally
use fixed-current controlin rectifier and fixed arc angle controlin inverter. The short circuit
intransmission line is one of the most common faults in HVDC, so this paper choose HVDC bus
differential protection as research object,introduce the mechanism of bus differential protection and
use PSCAD software for simulation. This paper is mainly about thebus differential protection and
auto-reclosing after the breaker action.
In the simulation process, we encountered the following three questions:
1. How to convert current difference to logic signal;
2. How tocontrolthe action of circuit breaker with the control signal changing;
3. Why circuit breakers fail to function.
And we put forward concrete solutions towards the above three questions.
1. Introduction
1.1 The significance of study on HVDC [1]
China's natural resources and characteristics of energy and load distribution make long distance
and large-capacity transmission become inevitable. To lessenthe transmission line loss and save
precious land resources, we need aneconomical and efficient way of transmission.Precisely, HVDC
technology meet this requirement. At present, China has become the country with the world's
largestDC transmission capacity, most DC projects, and the highest levels of DC voltage. The next
20 years, with the acceleration of grid construction and the development and utilization of new
energy resources, HVDC technology in China will be further strengthened. HVDC has become the
most attractive and most notably development direction in present power industry.
Development of HVDC technology significantly promotethe development of power system,
mainly manifested in the following areas:
Expand applicativeadvantage in long-distance transmission and networking;
Promote the functioning of the electricity market;
Promote the development and utilization of renewable energy.
1.2 The structure of HVDC [2]
Basic principles of HVDC is shown in Figure 2-1. HVDC system includes two converter stations CS1
and CS2 and DC lines. Converter in converter station can achieve the interconversion between AC and DC.
Converter consists of one or more converter bridge in series or parallel. Now DC transmission
system use three-phase bridge converter circuit, each bridge has 6 arms. Due to the unidirectional
flux of the arm can be controlled, it is also known as valves. Arms consist of the mercury arc valves
or electronic switching devices (such as thyristor) in series. Modern HVDC has basically eliminated
the converter made by mercury arc valve.
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Fig. 5-1 the structure of DC bus area
High voltage DC bus differential protection tests high voltage terminal current and
overhead lines current at inverter DC export. Under normal conditions, as well as HVDC bus
fault outside the DC bus area, the both currents are essentially equal. When occurring to ground or
to neutral short circuitinside, there is a big difference between and .
The basic criteria for HVDC bus differential protection is showed below:
| | > (2-1)
Where is the start current setting value.The character considering the minimum action
current and the braking characteristics is:
> max( , )(2-2
Where = | | is action current; = max( , ) is braking current; is ratio
braking coefficient, which need to be considered to avoid inverter area, the current through the filter
when the most serious fault on DC lines and maximum measuring through current error of the two
current transformers, it generally takes about 0.2; isthe minimum action current,
considering transformer stray noise and the unbalance value between and caused by ground
fault inside filter, soit generally takes about 0.3.
2.3Automatic reclosing
For non-permanent faults, automatic reclosing is undoubtedly an important means to improve the
quality of power supply, but differs from the AC system protection, before closing, it needs to be
confirmed whether non-permanent faults occurin the line, so adding the line detection. DC bus
primary protection, circuit detectionand automatic reclosing ensure the requirements for DC
protection: rapidity, selectivity and reliability.The simulation only study on transient fault, so we
omit the line detection device.
3. Simulation
3.1 The model
International Council on Large Electric systems(CIGRE) standard DC transmissiontesting
systems (CIGRE HVDC Benchmark Model) is used for the study of HVDC control system. It is
easy to use simulation program or emulator to study on different DC main circuit control devices
and comparative performance of control strategies in similar model, its DC main circuit structure is
fairly simple, but its operational conditions are difficult [5].
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Fig. 3-2 the protection control system of HVDC bus
In the control system showed in the figure 3-2. We let the two measured signal go throughthe
element: Summing/Difference Junction, Absolute Value, Wait for an Event,
MonostableMultivibrator, Single Input Comparator, Two Input Selector in sequence. We let
time signal firstly go through Range Comparator and then to the ctrl terminal of Two Input
Selector.
4. Summary
Throughout the whole implementation process, we encountered the following problem:
a) Circuit-breaker opening and closing control is achieved through the signal "ON=1" or
"OFF=0" to the node, but the differential protection principle is two current differencewhich is real
value, we need to convert real numerical values to logical value 0 or 1. By introducing a single
input comparator has perfectly solve this problem.
b) The breaker is controlled by the current difference measured by values on both sides of power
meters. It means working normally when the difference is small andopen the breaker when the
difference is too great. But after opening the breaker, the current on both sides are 0, the difference
is also 0.This immediately meets the circuit breaker closing conditions, causing circuit breakers
sometimes openedor closed. Monostable multi-frequency oscillator can solve this problem.
Reference
[1] Li Jiaman. DC protection response and exit timing characteristics of AC fault [d]. South China
University of technology, 2015.
[2] King week. Fault analysis and protection for high voltage AC and DC power systems [d].
Zhejiang University, 2014.
[3] Xing Luhua. Study on high voltage direct current transmission line protection and fault location
principle [d]. Shandong University, 2014.
[4] Xu min. DC circuit analysis method of relay protection and research on protection principle [d].
South China University of technology, 2014.
[5] Qi Yan. Fault analysis and protection scheme of HVDC transmission system [d]. East China
Jiaotong University, 2012.
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