Additional Mathematics Module Form 4

Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

CHAPTER 8- CIRCULAR MEASURE

8.1 RADIAN
1. In lower secondary, we have learned the unit for angle is degree. In this chapter, we will learn one
more unit for angle that is radian.
P

O 1 radian r

r
Q
2. When the value of the angle 1 radian, then the length of the arc is equal to the length of the radius.
3. From this information, we can deduce that:

1 rad r
=
360 2r
r
1 rad = 360
2r
2 rad = 360
4. rad = 180
180
1 rad =

= 57.3 or 5718 '

5. 2 rad = 360

1 = radian
180

8.1.1 Converting Measurements in degree to radian

Example 1:
Convert 120 to radians

Solution:

1 = radian
180

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

120 = 120 radian
180
2
= radian or 2.0947 radian
3

Example 2:
Tips
Convert 11236 ' to radians
1 = 60'
Solution:
11236 ' = 112 + 36 '
36
= 112 + ( )
60
= 112 + 0.6
= 112.6

1 = radian
180

112.6 = 112.6 radian
180
= 1.965 rad

8.1.2 Converting Measurements in radian to degree

Example 1:

Convert rad to degree
6

Solution:
180
1 rad =

180
rad =
6 6
= 30

Example 2:
Convert 1.36rad to degree

Solution:
180
1 rad =

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

180
1.36rad = 1.36

244
=

= 77.92

EXERCISE 8.1
1. Convert each of the following values to degrees and the nearest minute. ( = 3.142 )
(a) 0.37 rad
(b) 2.04 rad
(c) 1.19 rad

2. Convert each of the following values to radians, giving your answer correct to 4 significant figures.
( = 3.142)
(a) 2489 '
(b) 30422 '
(c) 4614 '

8.2 LENGTH OF ARC OF A CIRCLE

P S

O
Q

S
=
Circumference of a circle angle of a whole turn
If the unit of angle is degrees,
The angle of a whole turn is 360 .
S
=
2r 360
is in degrees.

S= 2r
2
We know that 2 rad = 360

If the unit of the angle is in radians,

The angle of a whole turn is 2 radian.

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

Hence,
S
=
Circumference of a circle 2
S
=
2r 2
2r
S=
2
S = r is in radians.

Example 1:

P 7.68cm

O Q

The diagram above shows a circle with a sector POQ and radius 6 cm. Given the length of minor arc PQ is
7.68 cm. Find the value of , in radians.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
S = r

Given r = 6 cm and S= 7.68 cm,

7.68 = 6
= 1.28 rad

Example 2:
Given a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm. Find the length of arc PQR if the angle POR is 1.2 rad.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
S = r

Given r = 5 cm and = 1.2 rad,

S = (5)(1.2)
S = 6 cm

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

EXERCISE 8.2
1. In the diagram 3, the perimeter of sector OPQ is 32 cm.

O Q
Diagram 3
(a) Express r in terms of .
(b) Find the value of r if = 1.2 rad.
2. The angle subtended at the centre by an arc ABC with a radius 4.2 cm is 1.4 radians. Find the length of
arc AB.
3. The length of a minor arc of a circle is 2 cm. The angle subtended at the centre of by the major arc is
240 . Find the radius of the circle.
4. Diagram 4 shows two arcs AB and CD with a common centre O. It is given that BD= AC= 3cm
. C
A

1
rad
3
O B D

Diagram 4
If the perimeter of the shaded region ABCD is 12 cm, find the length of radius OB.

8.3 AREA OF SECTOR OF A CIRCLE

O
B

A
=
Area of circle angle of a whole turn

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

If the unit of angle is degrees,

The angle of a whole turn is 360 .
A
2
=
r 360
is in degrees.

A= r 2
2

We know that 2 rad = 360

If the unit of the angle is in radians,
The angle of a whole turn is 2 radian.

Hence,
A
2
=
r 2
r 2
A=
2
1 is in radians.
A = r 2
2

Besides that,
1 2
A= r
2 S = r
1
= r .r .
2
1
A = rS
2
Both formula can be used depends on the information given in the question.

Area Of Triangle
B
The formula for area of triangle that is
1
base height can only be used in
c a 2
h situation where there is right angle triangle.
In the situations that the triangle is not a
A b C right-angled triangle, we cannot use the
formula.
1
Area = AC h 1
2

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

h
SinA =
AB
h = AB Sin A 2 This formula can be used to find the area of
all types of triangle as long as there is
Substitute 2 into 1 , enough information given. The sine of an
angle is multiplied by the length of line that
1 joining to form the angle. For example, sine
Area = AC AB sin A
2 A is multiply by AB and AC that are the lines
1 that joining to form the angle A.
Area = AB BC sin B
2
1
Area = AC BC sin C
2

Area of segments
Use the formula for the area of triangle.
The formula is
1 2 1 1
A= r r 2 sin or
AC BC sin C ,
2 2 From the formula area of triangle
2
1
A = r 2 ( sin ) we can deduce that the area of triangle in circle is
2
1 2
r sin because the two lines are having the same
2
Example 1:
length.
P 7.68cm

Q

O

The diagram above shows a circle with a sector POQ and radius 6 cm. Given the length of minor arc PQ is
7.68 cm. Find the value of , in radians. Hence, find the area of the shaded region.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
S = r

Given r = 6 cm and S= 7.68 cm,

7.68 = 6
= 1.28 rad

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

1 2 1
Area of shaded region = (6 )(1 .28 ) (6 2 )(sin 1 .28 )
2 2
= 23 .04 17 .24 Use the formula for the area
of triangle.
= 5 .8cm 2

Example 2:
The diagram shows a sector POQ with centre O and radius 16 cm. Point R lies on OP such that OR: OP =
5: 8. Given that ORQ = 90
P
R

x
O Q
16 cm
Calculate
(a) the value of x, in radians.
(b) the area of shaded region, in cm 2

Solution:
OP 5
Given = and OR = 16cm . Tips
OR 8
OP 5 When to solve question involving
Substitute OR = 16cm into = .
OR 8 radians using calculator, make sure
OP 5 the calculator is set in radians
=
16 8 mode.
5
OP = 16
8
= 10cm

a) Given that ORQ = 90

10
cos x =
16
10
x = cos 1 ( )
16
= 0.8957rad

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

1 1
b) Area of shaded region = (16 2 )( 0. 8957 ) (10 )( 6 )(sin 0 .8957 )
2 2
= 114 .6496 62 .4517 Use the formula for the area
= 52 . 1979 cm 2 of triangle.

EXERCISE 8.3
1. In the diagram 4, the area of sector OPQ is 21 . 6cm 2 .

O Q
Diagram 4
(a) Express r in terms of .
(b) Find the value of r if = 1.2 rad.
2. The angle subtended at the centre by an arc ABC with a radius 3.6 cm is 1.15 radians. Find the area of
arc AB.
3. The area of a sector of a circle is 12 cm2. The angle subtended at the centre of by the sector is 270 .
Find the radius of the circle.
8.4 SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING RADIANS

Example:
C

Q ( 8, 6 )

B D

A E (12 , 4)
P ( 8, 4 )

The diagram above shows a semicircle ABCDE with centre P and rhombus PBQD.
Calculate:
(a) the radius of semicircle ABCDE
(b) the angle of in radian
(c) the area of sector PBCD
(d) the area of shaded region

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

Solution:
PE is the radius of the semicircle
(a) PE 2 = (12 8) 2 + (4 4) 2
PE = 16
Length cannot be a negative number
PE = 4
radius > 0
Radius = 4 unit

1 X is the mid-point between line BD and

(b) cos PBX =
4 AQ. Line XP divides the angle into two.
1 Find one of the angles by using
PBX = cos1
4 trigonometry. Then multiply by two to
= 1.1181rad find the angle .
= 1.3181 2
= 2.6362rad

1 2
(c) Area of sector PBCD = ( 4 )( 2 .6362 )
2
= 21 .0896 unit 2

1
(d) Area of shaded region = 21 .0896 2 ( 4 )( 4)(sin 2. 6362 )
2
= 21 .0986 7 .7464
Divide the rhombus into two triangles. Find
= 13 . 3442 cm 2 the area of one triangle. Then multiply by
two to find the area of the rhombus.
CHAPTER REVIEW EXERCISE
1. Diagram below shows a sector OPQ with centre O. and radius 4 cm.

Q
Given that the perimeter of the sector is 20 cm, find the angle of the sector in radians.

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

2. The perimeter and area of a sector of a circle are 19 cm and 22.5 cm2 respectively. Calculate the
possible values of the radius of the sector and the angle of the sector.

3. A sector has an area of L cm2 and a radius of 4.5 cm. Given that angle subtended at the centre of the
circle is 135 , find the value of L. ( = 3 .142 )
4. The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by a minor arc is 40 . Find the ratio of length of the
minor arc PQ to the length of the major arc PQ. ( = 3 .142 )

5. In diagram below, O is the centre of the arcs PQ and RS. The perimeter of the figure is 30 cm.

R
Q 8cm

P 5 cm O
(a ) Express in terms of
(b) Find the values and in radians, if the area of sector OPQ is 10 cm2

6. The diagram below shows a sector OPQ constructed by bending a wire of length 40 cm.
P Calculate
(a) the value of r
(b) the area of sector OPQ

42
r Q
O

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