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    Isotonic Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Yuppie Raj
    This document discusses isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions and how to calculate the amount of solute needed to make an isotonic solution. It provides examples of calculating the amount of substances like boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride equivalents needed to make isotonic solutions of different concentrations and volumes. It also defines milliequivalents and osmolarity and provides examples of calculating these values.

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    Isotonic Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Yuppie Raj
    439 views2 pages
    This document discusses isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions and how to calculate the amount of solute needed to make an isotonic solution. It provides examples of calculating the amount of substances like boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride equivalents needed to make isotonic solutions of different concentrations and volumes. It also defines milliequivalents and osmolarity and provides examples of calculating these values.

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    This document discusses isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions and how to calculate the amount of solute needed to make an isotonic solution. It provides examples of calculating the amount of substances like boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride equivalents needed to make isotonic solutions of different concentrations and volumes. It also defines milliequivalents and osmolarity and provides examples of calculating these values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    439 views2 pages

    Isotonic Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Yuppie Raj
    This document discusses isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions and how to calculate the amount of solute needed to make an isotonic solution. It provides examples of calculating the amount of substances like boric acid, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride equivalents needed to make isotonic solutions of different concentrations and volumes. It also defines milliequivalents and osmolarity and provides examples of calculating these values.

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    ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

    Isotonic Solutions
    Isotonic - having the same osmotic pressure as body fluids
    Hypotonic - osmotic pressure is lower than in the body fluids
    Hypertonic - osmotic pressure is higher than in the body fluids

    Preparation of Isotonic Solutions


    Freezing point of blood is ca. - 0.52oC
    One gram molecular weight (M) of nonelectrolyte decreases freezing point by ca. 1.86oC
    What amount of boric acid is needed to prepare isotonic solution?
    1.86( o C) 61.8( g ) / 1000(ml )
    =
    0.52( o C) x( g ) / 1000(ml )
    x = 17.3( g )

    Electrolytes and Tonicity


    As a result of ionization 1 mole of electrolyte produce i moles of ions (i > 1).
    NaCl i = 1.8 (i 0.2 + number of ions x 0.8)
    What amount of sodium chloride is needed to prepare isotonic solution?
    1.86( o C) i (= 1.8) 58.5(g/1000 ml)
    o
    =
    0 .52( C) x(g/ 1000ml)
    x = 9.09( g / 1000ml )

    Sodium Chloride Equivalents


    How much NaCl is presented by 1g of any solute?
    58.5( g ) i solute
    x j =
    M solute i NaCl
    xj sodium chloride equivalents

    Solution Compounding
    How many grams of NaCl should be used in compounding the following prescription?
    Pilocarpine Nitrate 0.3 g
    NaCl q.s.
    Purified water ad 30.0 mL

    0.23. (NaCl eqivalent). 0.3 (g) = 0.069 (g NaCl in pilocarpin e nitrate)


    30.0.009 (g/mL) = 0.270 (g NaCl in 30 ml of isotonic solution)
    0.270 0.069 = 0.201 (g NaCl)

    More Solution Compounding


    How many grams of KNO3 is needed to make the following prescription isotonic?
    Sol silver nitrate 60.0
    1:500 w/v
    Make. isoton. Sol.
    (Contains 0.120 g AgNO3) www.pharmatechbd.blogspot.com
    0 .33 0 .120 ( g ) = 0.040 ( g NaCl in AgNO 3 )
    60 0 .009 = 0.540 (g NaCl in 60 ml of isotonic solution)
    0.540 - 0.040 = 0.500 (g NaCl)
    0.500 (g NaCl)/0.58 (NaCl equivalent of KNO 3 )
    = 0 .862 (g of KNO 3 )

    Freezing Point Data and Tonicity


    How many milligrams of NaCl and dibucaine hydrochloride is needed to prepare 30 mL of a 1 %
    solution of dibucaine chloride isotonic with tears?

    1% (dibucaine hydrochloride) : T f = -0.08o C



    Lower freezing point by additional 0.52 C - 0.08 C = 0.44 C
    o o o

    o
    1% (NaCl) = 0.58 C ; x = 0.76%
    x % (NaCl) 0.44 o C

    To make 30 mL of this solution :
    30 1% = 0.3 g = 300 mg dibucaine hydrochloride

    and 30 0.76% = 0.228 g = 228 mg NaCl

    Milliequivalents
    mg valence
    mEq = atomic or molecular weight

    How many mEg in 1 g of MgSO4?

    M.w. MgSO 4 = 120


    Equivalent weight = 60

    60 (mg) 1 (mEq)
    =
    1000 (mg) x (mEq)
    x = 1 6.7 mEq

    Osmolarity
    wt of substance (g/L)
    mOsmol/L = atomic or molecular weight (number of species) 1000

    What is osmolarity of isotonic NaCl solution?


    9 (g/L)
    mOsmol/L = 58.5 g 2 1000 = 308 mOsmol/L

    www.pharmatechbd.blogspot.com

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