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    Nomenclature

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    Viejay Reg
    IUPAC nomenclature provides unambiguous names for organic compounds. It involves naming the parent chain and substituents. For example, the IUPAC name for butane with a methyl group on carbon 3 is 3-methylbutane. Functional groups are named as suffixes or prefixes, such as -ol for alcohols. Naming involves identifying the parent structure and locating substituents to construct systematic IUPAC names.

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    Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Viejay Reg
    72 views20 pages
    IUPAC nomenclature provides unambiguous names for organic compounds. It involves naming the parent chain and substituents. For example, the IUPAC name for butane with a methyl group on carbon 3 is 3-methylbutane. Functional groups are named as suffixes or prefixes, such as -ol for alcohols. Naming involves identifying the parent structure and locating substituents to construct systematic IUPAC names.

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    Organic chemistry

    Original Title

    Nomenclature (2)

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    IUPAC nomenclature provides unambiguous names for organic compounds. It involves naming the parent chain and substituents. For example, the IUPAC name for butane with a methyl group on carbon 3 is 3-methylbutane. Functional groups are named as suffixes or prefixes, such as -ol for alcohols. Naming involves identifying the parent structure and locating substituents to construct systematic IUPAC names.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views20 pages

    Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Viejay Reg
    IUPAC nomenclature provides unambiguous names for organic compounds. It involves naming the parent chain and substituents. For example, the IUPAC name for butane with a methyl group on carbon 3 is 3-methylbutane. Functional groups are named as suffixes or prefixes, such as -ol for alcohols. Naming involves identifying the parent structure and locating substituents to construct systematic IUPAC names.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Nomenclature

    IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemistry


    What is IUPAC nomenclature?
    A systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds
    as recommended by the International Union of Pure and
    Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
    It provides an unambiguous structure.
    Official IUPAC naming recommendations are not always
    followed in practice, and the common or trivial name may be
    used.
    rules for alkane nomenclature
    Find and name the longest carbon chain
    Name the groups attached to the longest carbon chain
    Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a
    substituted group
    Designate the location of each substituent group
    Assemble the name by listing groups in alphabetical order and
    the main chain last
    Main chain and alkyl group
    names
    # of # of
    Name Name
    Main chain names Alkyl group names
    Carbons Carbons

    methyl 1 butyl 4
    Name # of Carbons Name # of Carbons

    ethyl 2 pentyl 5
    methane 1 hexane 6

    propyl 3 Hexyl 6
    ethane 2 heptane 7

    propane 3 octane 8
    (CH3)2CH
    butane 4 nonane 9 Group (CH3)2CH CH3CH2CH(CH3) (CH3)3C
    CH2
    Name Isopropyl Isobutyl sec-Butyl tert-Butyl
    pentane 5 decane 10
    Example
    Longest chain/main chain:
    7 carbons (circled)
    Name: heptane
    Side chain groups:
    1-carbon group at position 3
    Answer: Name: 3-methyl
    2-carbon group at position 4
    4-ethyl-3-methylheptane
    Name: 4-methyl
    Naming ring compounds
    Same rules as alkane nomenclature except:
    A cyclo- prefix is added to the root name
    Groups are numbered to give multiple substituents the lowest
    possible numbers
    When there is only one substituent, it does not need to be
    numbered
    A ring can also be named as a substituent
    Example
    Answer:
    1-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane

    Answer:
    cyclopropylcyclopentane
    naming alkenes and alkynes
    -Ene suffix for alkene and -yne suffix for alkyne
    The root chain must be the longest chain that includes both
    carbon atoms of the double bond
    Number the root chain from the end nearest a double bond
    carbon atom (or triple bond carbon atom)
    The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms
    of the double/triple bond is used as the locator of
    alkenes/alkynes
    Examples
    Answer:
    3, 5, 5-trimethyl-2-hexene

    Answer:
    1-cyclobutyl-3-methyl-1-
    butyne
    Naming organic halides
    Same naming rules as before
    Halide substituents are named as fluoro (-F), chloror (-Cl),
    bromo (-Br), or iodo (-I)
    Example: Answer:
    2-chloropropane
    Naming Alcohols
    Drop the ane ending of the parent compound and adding ol
    When theres a higher priority group present, -OH can be
    named as a substituent using the name hydroxy
    Example: Answer:
    3-methyl-1-butanol
    Naming Ethers
    Name each of the two carbon groups followed by the word
    ether (Common naming rule)
    -OR group can also be named as a substituent using the group
    name alkoxy (IUPAC)
    Example: Answer:
    cyclopentyl methyl ether or
    methoxycyclopentane
    Naming aldehydes and ketones
    Aldehydes are named by dropping the e of the parent name
    and adding al
    The substituent name for aldehyde group is formyl
    When one or more CHO groups are attached to the ring, the
    ring is named followed by carbaldehyde
    Ketones are named by dropping the e ending and adding
    one
    The substituent name is oxo
    Examples
    Answer:
    2-methylpropanal

    Answer:
    3-oxohexanal
    Naming Amines
    Primary Amines (R-NH2):
    Replace the e of the parent group with the word amine
    Can also name it as a substituent using the name amino
    Secondary Amines (R2NH):
    Use an upper case N to designate the second alkyl group that is on
    the nitrogen atom
    Tertiary Amines (R3N):
    Named the same way as secondary amines
    Examples
    4-methyl-2-
    pentamine

    N-methylethanamine

    N-ethyl-N-
    methylpropanamine
    Naming carboxylic acids
    Carboxylic acids are named by dropping the e ending and
    adding the oic acid
    The substituent name for a COOH group is carboxy
    Example: Answer:
    2-chlorocyclopentanoic acid
    Naming carboxylic acid
    derivatives
    Acid Halides:
    Replace the e ending and add oyl halide
    Halide can be bromide, chloride, etc.
    Acid Anhydrides:
    Symmetrical acid anhydrides are named by replacing acid with
    anhydride
    Unsymmetrical acid anhydrides are named by naming each
    carboxylic acid component and then the word anhydride
    Esters:
    First name the group that came from the alcohol and drop the oic
    acid and add -oate
    Amides:
    Replace the oic acid ending with -amide
    Examples
    Answer:
    Answer:
    Butanoyl chloride
    Ethanoic propanoic anhydride

    Answer: Answer:
    Methyl ethanoate ethanamide
    (common name: acetate)
    References
    For more detailed rules and examples including common
    naming rules, please consult the organic chemistry by wade
    textbook
    Workshop prepared by Qing Wang

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