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    MATH2352 Differential Equations and Applications Name: Coursework 6 ID: Problem 1. Solve The IVP (X (T) X 5y y (T) X 3y For X (0) 1, y (0) 1

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    John Chan
    The document provides the solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations. Problem 1 solves an initial value problem for a system of two first-order differential equations. Problem 2 finds the general solution for another system of two first-order differential equations. Both problems involve finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors to determine linearly independent solutions, and combining particular and homogeneous solutions.

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    MATH2352 Differential Equations and Applications Name: Coursework 6 ID: Problem 1. Solve The IVP (X (T) X 5y y (T) X 3y For X (0) 1, y (0) 1

    Uploaded by

    John Chan
    38 views2 pages
    The document provides the solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations. Problem 1 solves an initial value problem for a system of two first-order differential equations. Problem 2 finds the general solution for another system of two first-order differential equations. Both problems involve finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors to determine linearly independent solutions, and combining particular and homogeneous solutions.

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    MATH2352CW6

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    The document provides the solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations. Problem 1 solves an initial value problem for a system of two first-order differential equations. Problem 2 finds the general solution for another system of two first-order differential equations. Both problems involve finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors to determine linearly independent solutions, and combining particular and homogeneous solutions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views2 pages

    MATH2352 Differential Equations and Applications Name: Coursework 6 ID: Problem 1. Solve The IVP (X (T) X 5y y (T) X 3y For X (0) 1, y (0) 1

    Uploaded by

    John Chan
    The document provides the solutions to two problems involving systems of differential equations. Problem 1 solves an initial value problem for a system of two first-order differential equations. Problem 2 finds the general solution for another system of two first-order differential equations. Both problems involve finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors to determine linearly independent solutions, and combining particular and homogeneous solutions.

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    MATH2352 Differential Equations and Applications Name:

    Coursework 6 ID:
    Problem 1. Solve the IVP
    (
    x (t) = x 5y
    for x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
    y (t) = x 3y

    Solution: Let    
    x 1 5
    X= and A =
    y 1 3
    then the characteristic polynomial of the matrix system X = AX is
     
    1 5
    det(A I) = det = 2 + 2 + 2 = ( + 1)2 + 1,
    1 3

    so the eigenvalues are = 1 i.


    For the eigenvector corresponding to = 1 + i, consider
          
    v1 2i 5 v1 0
    (A I) = = v1 (2 + i)v2 = 0
    v2 1 2 i v2 0

    Setting v1 = 2 + i and v2 = 1 gives  


    2+i
    v=
    1
    so one of the two linearly independent solutions can be written as
     
    (1+i)t 2 + i
    X1 (t) = e
    1
     
    t 2+i
    = e (cos t + i sin t)
    1
       
    t 2 cos t sin t t cos t + 2 sin t
    =e + ie
    cos t sin t

    Let    
    2 cos t sin t cos t + 2 sin t
    u(t) = et and v(t) = et
    cos t sin t
    then the general solution of the given system is
       
    2 cos t sin t cos t + 2 sin t
    X(t) = c1 u(t) + c2 v(t) = c1 et + c2 et
    cos t sin t

    Substituting this into the IC gives


       
    2c1 + c2 1
    X(0) = = c1 = 1, c2 = 1
    c1 1

    Therefore the solution to the IVP is


         
    x(t) 2 cos t sin t cos t + 2 sin t
    = et et
    y(t) cos t sin t
     t 
    e (cos t 3 sin t)
    =
    et (cos t sin t)

    1
    Problem 2. Find the general solution of the system
          t 
    x 1 3 x e
    = + t
    y 3 1 y 3e

    Solution: To obtain the eigenvalues, consider the characteristic polynomial


     
    1
    3
    det(A I) = det = 2 4 = ( + 2)( 2)
    3 1

    so the eigenvalues are = 2.


    For the eigenvector corresponding to = 2, consider
       

      
    v 3 3 v1 0
    (A I) 1 = = 3v1 + v2 = 0
    v2 3 1 v2 0


     
    1

    Setting v1 = 1 and v2 = 3 gives v = , so one of the two linearly independent solutions can
    3
    be written as  
    2t 1

    X1 (t) = e
    3
    For the eigenvector corresponding to = 2, consider
       

      
    v 1 3 v1 0
    (A I) 1 = = v1 + 3v2 = 0
    v2 3 3 v2 0


     
    3
    Setting v1 = 3 and v2 = 1 gives v = , so the second linearly independent solution is
    1
     
    3
    X2 (t) = e2t
    1

    To obtain the particular solution Xp , consider



    3e2t
     
     e2t

    = X1 X2 =
    3e2t e2t

    of which the inverse is  2t


    3e2t
    
    1
    1
    = e 2t ,
    4 3e e2t
    then Xp can be found by
     2t  Z  2t 2t   t 
    e 2t
    3e 1 e 3e e t dt
    Xp = 2t 2t
    2t
    3e e 4 3e e 2t 3e
    3t
    3e2t 3et
       
    1
    Z
    e2t et
    = 2t dt
    4 3e 2t
    e 3e 3e3t
    2t   1 3t t
    3 e 3e
     
    1 e2t 3e
    =
    4 3e2t e2t 3et + 13 e3t
    et 32 et
     
    = 2 et 1 t
    e
    3 3

    Therefore the general solution to the given DE is


             2 
    x(t) 1 3 2t 1 3
    = X h + X p = c1 e2t + c2 e + 2 et + 1
    et
    y(t) 3 1 3
    3

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