013 Iee 01

Natural Gas Infrastructure and Efficiency Improvement Project (RRP BAN 38164)
Initial Environmental Examination
Document Stage: Final

Project Number: P38164 (BAN)
April 2011
BAN: Natural Gas Access Improvement Project

(Compression Stations at Ashuganj & Elenga)
Prepared by Gas Transmission Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.
Table of Contents
Executive summary...............................................................................................................................v
Abbreviation...................................................................................................................................... viii
Chapter 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study .........................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of the IEE study .....................................................................................................2
1.3 Scope of Work .........................................................................................................................2
1.4 Methodology............................................................................................................................2
1.5 Limitations...............................................................................................................................3
1.6 The IEE Study Team ...............................................................................................................3
1.7 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................3
1.8 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Description of the Project...................................................................................................5
2.1 Type and Category of Project..................................................................................................5
2.2 Need for project .......................................................................................................................5
2.3 Location of the Proejct ............................................................................................................5
2.4 Major Components of the Project............................................................................................9
2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation ............................................................10
2.6 Overview of Gas Compressor Station ...................................................................................10
2.6.1 Site description of proposed compressors stations .....................................................12
2.6.2 Features of Proposed Compressor Stations.................................................................14
2.7 Installation of Proposed Compressor Station ........................................................................14
2.8 Phases ....................................................................................................................................16
2.8.1 Pre-construction phase ................................................................................................16
2.8.2 Construction phase......................................................................................................16
2.8.3 Post-Construction/ Operation phase ...........................................................................18
2.9 Waste/emissions from the Proposed Compressor Stations....................................................18
Chapter 3 Description of the Environment ......................................................................................21
3.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................21
3.2 Physical Resources ................................................................................................................21
3.2.1 Geology.......................................................................................................................21
3.2.2 Atmosphere.................................................................................................................24
3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................................................25
3.2.4 Ambient Water Quality...............................................................................................26
3.2.5 Ambient noise .............................................................................................................27
3.2.6 Land Resources...........................................................................................................28
3.2.7 Water resources...........................................................................................................28
3.3 Land Resources .....................................................................................................................30
3.4 Ecological Resources.............................................................................................................30
3.4.1 Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystem .............................................................................30
i
3.5 Economic Development ........................................................................................................36
3.5.1 Employment, poverty reduction and social benefit ....................................................36
3.5.2 Agriculture Sector.......................................................................................................36
3.5.3 Transportation Sector..................................................................................................36
3.5.4 Infrastructure facilities ................................................................................................37
3.5.5 Power supply system ..................................................................................................37
3.6 Social and Cultural Resources...............................................................................................37
3.6.1 Ashuganj Compressor Station.....................................................................................37
3.6.2 Elenga Compressor Station.........................................................................................38
Chapter 4 Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts .............................................................41
4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................41
4.2 Environmental Impacts..........................................................................................................41
4.2.1 Water, air and noise ....................................................................................................41
4.2.2 Land use......................................................................................................................41
4.2.3 Soil pollution...............................................................................................................42
4.2.4 Crop production ..........................................................................................................42
4.2.5 Terrestrial Ecosystems ................................................................................................42
4.2.6 Aquatic ecosystem ......................................................................................................42
4.2.7 Interference with the existing infrastructures..............................................................43
4.2.8 Radioactive wastes......................................................................................................43
4.2.9 Pipeline on Jamuna Bridge .........................................................................................43
4.2.10 Accidental gas leakage and explosion ........................................................................43
Chapter 5 Environmental Management Plan for Installation of Compressor Stations at
Ashuganj & Elenga.........................................................................................................45
Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Plan and Institutional Requirements ...............................53
6.1 Environmental Monitoring ....................................................................................................53
6.2 EMP Cost Matrix...................................................................................................................54
Chapter 7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure...........................................................59
7.1 Public Consultation ...............................................................................................................59
7.2 Methodology..........................................................................................................................59
7.3 Results of Public Consultation ..............................................................................................59
7.4 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan...............................................................................60
Chapter 8 Findings and Recommendations......................................................................................61
8.1 Ashuganj Compressor Station ...............................................................................................61
8.2 Elenga Compressor Station ...................................................................................................61
Chapter 9 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................63
References ..........................................................................................................................................65
Appendix A: Layout Plan of Two Compressor Stations

Appendix B: Process Flow Diagram of Two Compressor Stations
Appendix C: Conceptual General Arrangement of Two Compressor Stations
ii
List of tables
Table 2.1: Major Components of the Project ..........................................................................................9

Table 2.2: Features and characteristics of the proposed compressor stations.......................................14
Table 2.3: Waste / emission from the proposed compressor stations ...................................................18
Table 3.1: Stratigraphy of Deep Geosyncline Basin.............................................................................22
Table 3.2: Earthquake history ...............................................................................................................23
Table 3.3: Air quality standard .............................................................................................................26
Table 3.4: Standards for inland surface water.......................................................................................26
Table 3.5: Season wise average surface water quality status................................................................27
Table 3.6: Standards for Sound.............................................................................................................27
Table 3.8: List of flora and fauna species .............................................................................................31
Table 3.9 List of flora and fauna species ..............................................................................................34
Table 5.1: Mitigation/enhancement measures for impacts at Ashuganj site.........................................45
Table 5.2: Mitigation measures for impacts at Elenga site ...................................................................48
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Location of the two compressor stations (Ashuganj and Elenga) in the context of
Bangladesh..........................................................................................................................6
Figure 2.2: Location of the compressor station at Ashuganj, Brahmanbaria..........................................7
Figure 2.3: Location of the compressor station at Elenga, Tangail.........................................................8
Figure 2.4: Cross section view of a centrifugal compressor .................................................................11
Figure 2.5: Cylinder assembly in a reciprocating compressor ..............................................................12
Figure 2.6: Ashuganj site for compressor station .................................................................................13
Figure 2.7: Elenga site for compressor station......................................................................................13
Figure 2.8: Layout plan of proposed Ashuganj compressor station......................................................15
Figure 2.9: Layout plan of proposed Elenga compressor station..........................................................16
Figure 3.1: Stratigraphic division of Bangladesh..................................................................................21
Figure 3.2: Cross-section of structure from Northwest to Southeast. ...................................................22
Figure 3.3: Seismic zones of Bangladesh. ............................................................................................23
Figure 3.4: Fault lines ...........................................................................................................................23
Figure 3.5: Climatic Sub-region............................................................................................................24
Figure 3.6: Mean monthly maximum temperature ...............................................................................25
Figure 3.7: Mean monthly minimum temperature ................................................................................25
Figure 3.8: Mean monthly rainfall ........................................................................................................25
Figure 3.9: Mean annual potential recharge..........................................................................................29
Figure 3.10: Monthly average ground water depth...............................................................................30
Figure 7.1: Discussion with GTCL officials at Ashuganj site ..............................................................59
Figure 7.2: Discussion with local people of adjacent areas and GTCL officials at Elenga site............59
iii
Executive summary
Gas Transmission Company Limited (GTCL), a company under Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral
Corporation (Petrobangla), is assigned to transmit gas from gas fields to distribution systems in
Bangladesh. In recent years, the gas distribution systems are facing inadequate gas supply due to low
pressure in the transmission lines. Installation of compressor stations in the transmission system of
GTCL is required to increase gas flow and pressure in the transmission lines to an extent which will
be required to meet present and future demand in the distribution systems and also to increase access
of people to natural gas. In this circumstances, this IEE study has been conducted and the report has
been prepared for consideration of ADB with reference to the requirements of the Aide Memoire
presented by the ADBs Fact Finding Mission which visited Dhaka during 11-20 May 2009 in
connection with the proposed Natural Gas Access Improvement Project. The Project includes among
other components a Gas Transmission Capacity Expansion component comprising the construction of
61 km 30-inch OD Ashuganj-Bakhrabad Gas Transmission Pipeline together with Gas Interface
Metering Stations at some major selected locations. The Project also envisages financing of the
installation of two compressor stations in the GTCL pipeline system as a sub-component
To increase the gas transmission capacity, to achieve better operational flexibility, for better line pack
management and for meeting the increasing gas demand and expansion of gas supply facilities in the
north-west and south-east region of the country, GTCL envisages installation of Compressor Stations
at Ashuganj and Elenga to be financed by Asian Development Bank (ADB) under its proposed
Natural Gas Access Improvement Project. The Ashuganj compressor station will increase gas
transmission capacity at downstream of Ashuganj Gas Manifold Station (AGMS) i.e. Ashuganj South
through A-B pipeline and Ashuganj West through B-B and Monohordi Dhanua Elenga pipeline.
The Elenga compressor station will increase gas transmission from Ashuganj West (B-B and
Ashuganj-Monohordi-Dhanua-Elenga) pipelines to the North-western and south-western region
through 24 Western Zone and 30 Elenga Jamuna Bridge Hatikumrul pipelines.
According to ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, the project falls under Category
B, which requires IEE study. EIA study depends on the recommendation of IEE.
The proposed site at Ashuganj is already under the possession of GTCL (24 acres) out of which about
10 acres will be used for the compressor station. The proposed site at Elenga is also under the
possession of GTCL (Total 5.52 acres) out of which about 3 acres of land will be used for the
compressor station. No fresh acquisition of land is required for both the Ashuganj and Elenga sites.
Under the present scope and spare of the present IEE study, impacts to various IESCs during the pre-
construction, constrcution and postconstruction phases has been identified. The initial environmental
and social impacts were identified and the respective mitigation measures are described below.
v
Executive Summary
Ashuganj Compressor Station

Ashuganj site is a fully urbanized and industrial area having air pollution due to industrial and urban
activities. However more air and noise pollution will be created during construction and post
construction phases. Regular watering of the site should be done to reduce pollution of the air by dust.
Boundary wall with sufficient height and use of sound and noise absorbing materials is recommended
to mitigate the problem of noise pollution.
The water quality will be impacted during construction and post-construction phases if the solid as
well as the liquid wastes are dumped without proper management and treatment. Similarly ground
water potential will also be impacted unless balanced use of surface and ground water are properly
planned and implemented.
The soils and ground water of the project site may be contaminated with the solid and liquid wastages
of the Compressor machineries. This should be averted by preserving the contaminated wastes and
treating them before safe disposal.
Impact of terrestrial ecosystem is expected to be minimum as the construction site has already been
developed long ago for this purpose. The site possesses no important vegetation cover and hence no
significant wildlife is inhibiting the spot. Nearest homestead is about 100 m from the site and
therefore, no serious impact is expected on its vegetation and wildlife communities. Minor impact is
expected for local wildlife especially avi-fauna due to noise and increased human activities which
may be avoided by installing barriers both physically as well as biologically by developing green belt
of local trees around the installations.
There would be no significant impact on wetland ecosystem, as the project is not expected to
discharge pollutants in the river system or nearby wetlands. Minor impact might be associated with
the construction of landing stage and connecting roads during the construction phase of the work.
Encroachment of public and private properties will happen here while mobilizing heavy vehicles and
transports before and during construction. Loss to public and private properties and land due to these
is envisaged. However, it should be possible to mitigate this through negotiations with Zia fertilizer
factory for using their jetty and widening of the roads.
Elenga Compressor Station
Elenga site is a semi urbanized area having noise pollution due to massive movement of vehicles to
Northern zone from eastern zone and vise versa and more air and noise pollution will be created
during construction. Construction of boundary with wall sufficient height and using sound and noise
absorbing materials in the installations would reduce the noise pollution significantly.
The water quality will be impacted during post construction if the wastes are dumped without proper
management and treatment. Similarly ground water potential will also be impacted which may be
mitigated by properly planning and implementing surface and ground water resources. Water logging
problem may be created due to improper drainage surrounding to this site under present land use if
proper drainage system is not being constructed.
Crop damage will take place if the excavated earth materials are dumped in nearby agricultural fields
to the south and east. Special care should be taken not to encroach on the surrounding agricultural
fields.
vi
Executive Summary
developed for this purpose. The site itself possesses no important natural vegetation cover as it is
already prepared for the construction and hence no significant wildlife is inhibiting the spot. Impact
on adjoining homestead garden based ecosystem might be important as the project site is bounded by
homestead gardens in the south and east. Due to increase in noise level and disturbance from the
human activities could cause negative consequences on the vegetation and especially on wildlife
communities in these nearby homestead. This may be avoided by installing barriers both physically
(boundary wall with sufficient height) as well as biologically by developing green belt of local trees
around the installations.
There would be no significant impact on wetland ecosystem, although the existing small natural ditch
is expected to be filled up during the time of construction. However, as the project is not expected to
discharge pollutants in the river system or nearby floodplain it would not cause any major impact
during operation. Minor impact might be associated with the construction of connecting roads during
the construction phase of the work.
The proposed site is under administrative control of GTCL. No crops are cultivated there. So, there is
no loss involved as project impact
According to the IEE study, it is observed that the proposed compressor station project might have
temporary impacts and would be overcome with mitigation and enhancement measures. There is no
ecologically sensitive area, reserve forest, national park in the two compressor station sites. There is
no significant irreversible adverse impact. Because of the isolated nature of the compressor stations,
there would be no cumulative impact as well.
However, some detail investigations have been required for air, water, noise quality, traffic load, solid
and liquid waste management options. To address these issues, comprehensive environmental
management plan and environmental monitoring plan are required.
Based on the outcome of the IEE study, it is concluded that the two compressor stations will
contribute substantially to the overall development of the gas sector with no adverse environmental
and social impact.
vii
Abbreviation
ADB Asian Development Bank

ACM Asbestos Containing Materials
ANSI American National Standard Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
BP Bank Procedure
BS British Standard
BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board
DC Deputy Commissioner
dB Decible
DG Director General
DOE Department of Environment
DOF Department of Fisheries
DPP Development Project Proposal
ECA Environmental Conservation Act
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMF Electro Magnetic Field
EMP Environmental Management Plan
FD Flow Diagram
FGD Focused Group Discussion
FIDC Forest Industries Development Corporation
FP Flash Point
F0 Land goes under water up to 30 cm depth during monsoon
GOB Government of Bangladesh
GTCL Gas Transmission Company Limited
HA Hazard Analysis
HH House Hold
HES Health, Environment and Safety
HR Hazard Review
Hz Hertz
IAEC International Atomic Energy Commission
ICTP International Conventions, Treaties and Protocols
IESC Important Environmental and Social Component
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
KV Kilo Volt
viii
LEL Lower Explosive Limit
LFL Lower Flammable Level
MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MSD Material Selection Diagram
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NEMAP National Environmental Management Action Plan
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NOC No Objection Certificate
OMS Operation and Management System
OP Operational Policy
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls
P&ID Piping and Instrument Flow Diagram
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RMPP Risk Management and Prevention Program
RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SOP Standard Work Operating Practice
TEL Upper Explosive Limit
TOR Terms of Reference
TWA Time Weighted Average
UFL Upper Flammable Level
UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
USPHS United States Public Health Service
A-B 30 dia Ashuganj-Bakhrabad pipeline
B-B 24 dia Bramaputra Basin pipeline
ix
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Gas Transmission Company Limited (GTCL), a company under Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral
Corporation (Petrobangla), is assigned to transmit gas from gas fields to distribution systems in
Bangladesh. In recent years, the gas distribution systems are facing inadequate gas supply due to low
pressure in the transmission lines. Installation of compressor stations in the transmission system of
GTCL is required to increase gas flow and pressure in the transmission lines to an extent which will
be required to meet present and future demand in the distribution systems and also to increase access
of people to natural gas. In this circumstances, this IEE study made and the report has been prepared
for consideration of ADB with reference to the requirements of the Aide Memoire presented by the
ADBs Fact Finding Mission which visited Dhaka during 11-20 May 2009 in connection with the
proposed Natural Gas Access Improvement Project. The Project includes among other components a
Gas Transmission Capacity Expansion component comprising the construction of 61 km 30-inch OD
Ashuganj-Bakhrabad Gas Transmission Pipeline together with Gas Interface Metering Stations at
some major selected locations. The Project also envisages financing of the installation of two
compressor stations in the GTCL pipeline system as a sub-component
To increase the gas transmission capacity, to achieve better operational flexibility, for better line pack
management and for meeting the increasing gas demand and expansion of gas supply facilities in the
north-west and south-east region of the country, GTCL envisages installation of Compressor Stations
at Ashuganj and Elenga to be financed by Asian Development Bank (ADB) under its proposed
Natural Gas Access Improvement Project. The Ashuganj compressor station will increase gas
transmission capacity at downstream of Ashuganj Gas Manifold Station (AGMS) i.e. Ashuganj South
through A-B pipeline and Ashuganj West through B-B and Monohordi Dhanua Elenga pipeline.
The Elenga compressor station will increase gas transmission from Ashuganj West (B-B and
Ashuganj-Monohordi-Dhanua-Elenga) pipelines to the North-western and south-western region
through 24 Western Zone and 30 Elenga Jamuna Bridge Hatikumrul pipelines.
This project is very much important to facilitate industrial development in the north western and south
western region of Bangladesh as well as to mitigate the ever-increasing gas demand of southern
region and greater Dhaka through increased gas supply. It will ultimately benefit the national
economic growth and employment. Also from environmental point of view, natural gas utilization in
industries will reduce green house gas emission and facilitate clean fuel technology in the country.
This study is concerned about the installation of Compressor Stations and ancillary facilities at
Ashuganj in Brahmanbaria District and Elenga in Tangail District.
Because of the fact the project will be financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the
ADB Environment Policy 2002 and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 would
be followed. As per Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 of ADB, the project falls under
Category B, which requires IEE study. EIA study depends on the recommendation of IEE study.
In this context, this IEE study has been conducted for the proposed two compressor stations at
Ashuganj and Elenga.
1
Introduction
1.2 Objectives of the IEE study
The main objectives of the IEE study are:

x Describing the existing environmental condition of the two proposed compressor station
locations at Ashuganj and Elenga.
x Collection of detailed information of the installations at the compressor stations in
Ashuganj and Elenga from GTCL.
x Assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the two compressor stations.
x Preparing an indicative Environmental Management Plan (EMP) including mitigation
measures for minimizing the effects of the negative impacts.
x Preparation of the IEE report on the two proposed compressor stations.
1.3 Scope of Work
The IEE report provides baseline environmental condition (physical and biological environment) of
the two locations. It contains a description of the installations at the two proposed compressor stations
and identifies potential impacts of the proposed project activity in the project area on environment,
following DoE and ADB Guidelines. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to render or offset
adverse impacts is included for DOE and ADBs clearance. The EMP also includes the Environmental
Monitoring Plan and institutional arrangement for future monitoring.
1.4 Methodology
The IEE study has been conducted using conventional method of environmental study following ADB
and DOE guidelines. Detailed information on the proposed interventions of the compressor stations
was collected from GTCL. The study team made reconnaissance field visits to these areas at the IEE
level of the study for obtaining first hand information on specific locations where the stations would
be established. The team also visited the gas compressor station at the well head of Bakhrabad Gas
Field at Muradnagar, Comilla to observe the types of installations with particular reference to
effluents and emissions.
Secondary data on climate, water resources, land resources, and soil properties were collected from
secondary sources. Primary data on environmental components were collected through Rapid Rural
Appraisals (RRA), Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), and Focus Group Discussions (FGD).
During the field visits, the multidisciplinary team members made professional observations pertaining
to their individual areas of expertise. All qualitative and quantitative data and information gathered
from different surveys and secondary sources have been used appropriately in preparing the
environmental baseline of the project and are presented in this report.
Important Environmental Components (IECs) that are likely to be impacted by the proposed gas
compressor stations has been identified. The impacts of the proposed interventions on the IECs,
assessed in the previous stage, were quantified to the extent possible. But all the IECs specially some
of the ecological IEC could not be quantified. Qualitative assessments were made in cases where
quantification was not possible.
The institutional requirements and environmental monitoring plan has been prepared suggesting
mitigation measures for minimizing the effect of the negative impacts, enhancement plan for
increasing the benefit of the positive impacts, compensation plan for compensating the negative
2
Introduction
impacts that can not be mitigated and an environmental monitoring plan for monitoring changes
taking place through implementation of the gas compressor stations. Cost estimate for implementing
the EMP has been suggested for inclusion in the project cost estimate.
The IEE Report on the two proposed gas compressor stations has been prepared incorporating all the
findings according to the table of contents suggested in the ADB and DOE guideline.
1.5 Limitations
Since these are the first installation of high-technical compressor station on transmission pipelines in
Bangladesh and as there is no large compressor station used in gas sector in Bangladesh, practical
operation and environmental consequences could not be observed. The multidisciplinary IEE team
visited the compressor station at Bakhrabad Gas Field, Muradnagar, Comilla and obtained
information on different aspects of the compressor station from the experts engaged for operating and
maintaining the station.
Also, the detail design of the project is yet to be done. Thus the project interventions are assumed as
similar to available standard technology.
1.6 The IEE Study Team
The IEE study team of the proposed project comprises the following Professional Experts:
1. Mr. Mujibul Huq, IEE Study Team Leader and Environmentalist
2. Mr. Nityananda Chakraborty, Resettlement Specialist
3. Mr. Abu Mohammed Ibrahim, Soil and Agriculture Specialist
4. Mr. Md. Waji Ullah, Engineer
5. Mr. Md. Istiak Sobhan, Ecologist
6. Mr. Subrata Kumar Mondal, Socio-Economist
7. Mr. S. M. Shazzadul Haq, Remote Sensing Specialist
8. Mr. Md. Aminur Rahman Shah, Junior Environmental Specialist
1.7 Structure of the Report
The report has been structured in compliance with the requirement of TOR.
Chapter 1: Introduction: The introduction chapter presents a brief overview of the assignment along
with its background, objectives, scope of works, methodology etc.
Chapter 2: Description of the Project: Chapter Two describes proposed interventions including
alternative options of the project, background, Project category, need of the project, location, size and
magnitude of operation
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment: Chapter Three presents the description of
environmental baseline (Socioeconomic, physical and biological) of the project area.
Chapter 4: Screening of the Potential Environmental Impacts: Environmental and social impacts of
the compressor stations are assessed in chapter Four.
3
Introduction
Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan: The chapter presents the environmental management
plan including mitigation and enhancement measures for negative and positive impacts.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan and Institutional Requirements: The Chapter mainly
comprises of monitoring arrangements and institutional arrangements to take care of the environmental and social
impacts of the compressor stations.
Chapter 7: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure: This chapter gives results of public
consultation and disclosure plan.
Chapter 8: Findings and Recommendation: This chapter gives the major findings, evaluation and
recommendation for the project.
Chapter 9: Conclusion: This chapter gives the concluding remarks for the project.
1.8 Acknowledgement
The Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), a public trust under the
Ministry of Water Resources, is extremely grateful to the Gas Transmission Company Ltd. (GTCL)
for entrusting it with the responsibility of conducting the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE),
study of the proposed Compressor Stations at Ashuganj & Elenga. The high level of interest shown
and the support extended by GTCL, Dhaka, especially from Mr. Md. Aminur Rahman, Managing
Director, GTCL, and Mr. Amjad Hossain Majumder, Project Director, Compressor Station Project,
GTCL is appreciated.
The project manager and other officials of his office were supportive and responsive throughout the
study. Especially recognized are the efforts of Mr. Md. Ainul Kabir, Manager, Compressor Station
Project, GTCL, Mr. Bishwajit Nandi, Deputy Manager, Compressor Station Project, GTCL and other
officials of the office of the Project Director, GTCL, Dhaka and GTCL officials of Ashuganj and
Elenga station.
Besides GTCL, contribution of numerous organizations, like Sylhet Gas Fields Ltd. Authority, Titas T
& D Co. Ltd. authority and Department of Environment (DoE) are acknowledged. Local people in the
project area are gratefully appreciated.
Along with the core study team members, contribution of CEGISs professionals Mr. Ruknul
Ferdouse, Mr. Amanat Ullah, Biologist, Mr. Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury, Environmental Engineer,
Mr. Md. Shahadat Hossain Manik, Sociologist, Mr. Md. Saiful Kabir, Sociologist in data collection
and analysis for this study is highly acknowledged.
At last but not least, Ms. Asifa Rahman and Mr. Sayeefur Rahman Rizvi is acknowledged for
linguistic editing and formatting of the document.
4
Chapter 2
Description of the Project
2.1 Type and Category of Project
According to ADB Environment Policy 2002 and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines
2003, the project falls under Category B, which requires IEE study. EIA study depends on the
recommendation of IEE.
2.2 Need for project
Exploration of gas fields and transportation of the same to the locations where this is used has become
very important as natural gas is the significant source of commercial energy in Bangladesh and it is
the prime mover of national economy. Sufficient pressure in the transmission lines is required to meet
present and future demand in the distribution systems. But in recent years, the gas distribution systems
are facing inadequate gas supply due to low pressure in the transmission lines. The gas compressor
stations have become essential to augment the gas transmission capacity in meeting the increasing gas
demand and expansion of gas supply facilities in the north-west and south-east region of the country.
2.3 Location of the Proejct
The proposed two compressor station sites are located at Ashuganj in Brahmanbaria District and
Elenga in Tangail District (Fig. 2.1) for installation of Compressor Stations and ancillary facilities
including surrounding areas and existing facilities likely to be environmentally and socially impacted.
The proposed Ashuganj compressor station will be installed at GTCLs own premises beside the
existing Ashuganj Gas Manifold Station (AGMS) of GTCL at Ashuganj in Brahman Baria District.
The proposed site is located at the east bank of River Upper Meghna and 1 km NE from the existing
Zia Firtilizer Company Ltd. (ZFCL). About 10 acres of land will be used here, which is currently
remaining fallow (Fig. 2.2). Scraper Trap Station of Ashuganj-Monohordi Gas Transmission Pipeline
of GTCL and two (2) oil storage tanks of Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Ltd (RPGCL) are
situated adjacent to the proposed location.
The proposed Elenga compressor station will also be installed at GTCLs premises beside the existing
GTCL and Titas Gas District Regulatory Station (DRS) at Elenga in Tangail District. About 3.00
acres of land will be used here (Fig. 2.3).
None of the above compressor station sites are situated on or near any national parks, historical &
archaeological sites or environmentally sensitive areas.
5
Figure 2.1: Location of the two compressor stations (Ashuganj and Elenga) in the context of
Bangladesh
6
Zia Fertilizer
Figure: 2.2 Location of the compressor station at Ashuganj, Brahmanbaria

2.4 Major Components of the Project
The project includes mainly construction of two gas compressor stations (C/S) and associated office
and residential complexes in the project sites at Ashuganj in Brahmanbaria District and Elenga in
Tangail District. The main components under each sub-project are given in Table- 2.1.
Table 2.1: Major Components of the Project
Sl.
Sub-Project Location Connecting Gas Pipe Line Major Components
No.
1 Ashuganj Ashuganj, Ashuganj to Western zone Approx. 30,000HP
Compressor B Baria downstream of Ashuganj compressor with driver,
Stataion District Gas Manifold Station cooler and ancillary
facilities, Office buildings,
workshop & residential
complex etc. Required
horsepower to be finalized
upon actual gas flow and
pressure parameters.
2 Elenga Compressor Elenga, Monohordi to East Bank of 15,000 HP compressor

Stataion Tangail Jamuna Bridge with driver, cooler and
District ancillary facilities, Office
buildings, workshop &
residential complex etc.
Required horsepower to be
finalized upon actual gas
flow and pressure
parameters.
The compressor stations will comprise of four major components such as compressor and driver units
with ancillary facilities and controls; pipelines with associated valves and fittings; office buildings for
operation & controls; and residential complex for employees. The major equipment packages and
installations are: (i) compressor & driver units; (ii) inlet scrubber; (iii) filter separator; (iv) air cooler; (v)
lube oil cooler; (vi) liquid waste storage tank; (vii) fuel gas skid; (viii) vent stack; (ix) station isolation
valves; (x) main line bypass valves; (xi) flow meters; (xii) MCC/switch gear; (xiii) suction strainer;
(xiv) anti-surge system; (xv) cold recycle valve; (xvi) gas generator; (xvii) fuel gas system; (xviii)
transformer; (xix) instrument air package; (xx) utility air package (xxi) fire hydrant system, fire water
pumps and tank; (xxii) submersible pump; (xxiii) water tank and purifier unit; (xxiv) septic system
and tank; (xxv) security house; (xxvi) control room with the facilities of PLC; (xxvii) workshop and
(xxviii) warehouse. The residential complex for employees will be at outside the main compressor
station and associated facilities & pipelines.
9
2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation
The implementation of the project needs 630 days from the effective date of the contract following
730 days Operation and Maintanance by the EPC contractor. Major deadlines of the project is as
follows:
Activities Deadline
Floating of the BD 22-Apr-10
(First Stage) Technical Bid closing 21-Jul-10
ADBs approval on (First Stage) Technical Bid Evaluation 14-Nov-10
Price bid Opening (Second stage) 24-Dec-10
ADBs approval on (Second stage) Price bid Evaluation report 22-Feb-11
Issue of NoA /PG Submission/ Contract signing 24-Mar-11
Effectiveness of Contract / Commitment of works 10-Apr-11
Completion of the works 31-Dec-12
O & M by EPC Contractor 1-Jan-13 to 31-Dec-14
2.6 Overview of Gas Compressor Station
A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of gas by reducing its volume.
Compressors are similar to pumps which can increase the pressure on a fluid and can transport the
fluid through a pipe. Generally different types of compressors are used in gas compressor stations
such as reciprocating, centrifugal etc. The type of compressor that will be used in the proposed
compressor stations is not decided yet. This is under the scope of turnkey contractor. Technical
feasibility study will be carried out by design contractor. Therefore, overview of both type of
compressors are given below. It is to be mentioned here that a compressor station is composed of both
civil infrastructures as well as mechanical and electrical installations. The main station components
are prime mover (driver), Separation/Filtration System, Compressor, After-cooler, Fuel Gas Skids and
other station support system including Fire Hydrant, Gas Detector etc.
a) Centrifugal compressors
This compressors (sometimes referred to as radial compressors) are a special class of radial-flow
work-absorbing turbo machinery (Figure 2.4).
10
Figure 2.4: Cross section view of a centrifugal compressor

Centrifugal compressors are used throughout the industry because of their fewer rubbing parts, are
relatively energy efficient, and give higher airflow than a similarly sized reciprocating compressor
(i.e. positive-displacement). The primary drawback is that this type of compressor cannot achieve the
high compression ratio of reciprocating compressors without multiple stages. Centrifugal fan/blowers
are more suited to continuous-duty applications such as ventilation fans, air movers, cooling units, and
other uses that require high volume with little or no pressure increase. In contrast, multi-stage
centrifugal compressors often achieve discharge pressures of 8,000 to 10,000 psi (59 MPa to 69MPa)
re-injecting natural gas back into oil fields to increase oil production.
b) Reciprocating compressor
A reciprocating compressor consists of a crankshaft (driven by either a gas engine, electric motor, or
turbine) attached to a connecting rod, which transfers the rotary motion of the crankshaft to a
crosshead (Fig. 2.5). The crosshead travels back and forth in a crosshead guide. The crosshead
converts the rotating motion to a reciprocating motion. The piston rod is attached to the crosshead and
the piston (which is contained in a cylinder) is attached to the piston rod. The piston acting within the
cylinder then compresses the gas contained within that cylinder. Gas enters the cylinder through a
suction valve at suction pressure and is compressed to reach desired discharge pressure. When the gas
reaches desired pressure, it is then discharged through a discharge valve. Desired discharge pressure
can be reached through utilization of either a single or double acting cylinder. In a double acting
cylinder, compression takes place at both the head end and crank end of the cylinder. The cylinder can
be designed to accommodate any pressure or capacity, thus making the reciprocating compressor the
most popular in the gas industry.
Small reciprocating compressors from 5 to 30 horsepower (hp) are commonly seen in automotive
applications and are typically for intermittent duty. Larger reciprocating compressors up to 1000 hp
are still commonly found in large industrial applications, but their numbers are declining as they are
replaced by various other types of compressors. Discharge pressures can range from low pressure to
very high pressure (>5000 psi or 35 MPa). In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-
11
stage double-acting compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available, and are
typically larger, noisier, and more costly than comparable rotary units.
Figure 2.5: Cylinder assembly in a reciprocating compressor
2.6.1 Site description of proposed compressors stations

The two compressors will be constructed at two different locations in two districts. The location,
suitability, topography and hydrological status, land use, material carrying scopes and obstruction,
availability of labors, flexibility of construction, land acquisition status, safety measures requirements
and the existing infrastructural status of the two sites are described below. Depending on the above
mentioned factors environmental and social measures will be framed.
Ashuganj site
Ashuganj site is situated in the urbanized and industrial areas. The site is accessible both by road,
railway and water way. Therefore it is most flexible site from material carrying point of view.
However, in road communication there is a Railway Bridge below which the road passes and can not
allow heavy vehicle with large height trolley. This site is already acquisitioned and developed to a
high elevation free from flooding and water logging problem. There is side drain which can serve the
purpose of storm swear. There is also a scope of using the jetty of Zia Fertilizer Company.
As the site is within the GTCL Key Point Installation (KPI) area (Fig. 2.6) and a number of
installations are already there so there is a risk of accident due to construction impact of compressor
stations and therefore sufficient safety and care are to be taken. The site has enough space encircled
by boundary wall with high flexibility of constructing the stations and its appurtenant structures
without facing any difficulties of space shortage. Mobilization of labors will not be a problem, only
road communication some time will be problem.
12
Existing pipeline near Ashuganj C/S Site Site for compressor station at Ashuganj
Figure 2.6: Ashuganj site for compressor station
Elanga site
Elanga site is situated in the semi urbanized areas besides Jamuna Bridge road (Fig. 2.7). The site is
accessible only by road. This road is national highway N3 and sufficiently wide and big lorry and
truck can easily carry the construction material at site provide the access has to be sufficiently wide.
This site already been acquisitioned and 90% of its area developed to a high elevation free from
flooding and water logging problem. There is natural khals and borrow pit can serve the purpose of
storm swear.
Like Ashuganj, this site is also near the existing campus and a number of installations are already
there so there may a risk of accident due to construction impact of compressor stations and therefore
sufficient safety and care are to be taken. The site has relatively less space encircled by boundary wall
with flexibility and the stations and its appurtenant structures can be constructed without facing any
difficulties due to space shortage. Mobilization of labors will not be a problem. It is to be mentioned
here that the existing pipe line and arrangement for junctions and their inter connection is under
ground and covered by earth.
Figure 2.7: Elenga site for compressor station
13
2.6.2 Features of Proposed Compressor Stations

The major features of the proposed compressor stations are given in Table 2.2. All the two stations are
almost similar type with variations in capacity of compressor and its driver units.
Table 2.2: Features and characteristics of the proposed compressor stations
Sl. Attribute
Features
No. Ashuganj C/S Elenga C/S
1 Type of Compressor Centrifugal/ Reciprocating/ Centrifugal/ Reciprocating/Other
Other type type
2 Total Capacity of
Turbine in Operation Approx. 30000 HP. Required Approx. 15000 HP. Required
horsepower to be finalized upon horsepower to be finalized upon
actual gas flow and pressure actual gas flow and pressure
parameters. parameters.
3 Number of Unit in 2 (Number of unit may vary 1 (Number of unit may vary
Operation at a time depending upon design) depending upon design)
4 Number of Unit in 1 (Number of unit may vary 1 (Number of unit may vary
stand by position depending upon design) depending upon design)
5 Source of Natural Natural gas coming from the gas Natural gas coming through 24-inch
Gas fields of north-eastern regions B-B pipeline from Ashuganj and
(viz. Kailashtila, Beanibazar, through 30-inch Dhanua Elenga
Fenchuganj, Jalalabad, pipelines
Bibiyana, Moulvibazar and
Rashidpur gas fields) and
Habiganj and Khatihata/ Titas
Gas Fields.
6 Output Product Compressed natural gas Compressed natural gas
7 Daily Output Rate 1437-2297 MMSCF (approx.) 343-500 MMSCF (approx.)
8 Water Consumption 15 Tons/ day 8 Tons/ day
9 Source of Water Borehole Borehole
10 Type of fuel to be Natural gas Natural gas
used
11 Quantity of fuel 6.4 MMSCF (approx.) 2.2 MMSCF (approx.)
required daily
12 Source of fuel Part of the natural gas coming to Part of the natural gas coming to the
the station station
13 Duration of Project Apprx. 630 days Apprx.
Implementation 630 days
2.7 Installation of Proposed Compressor Station
The compressor stations will comprise of four major units, such as compressor and driver units with
ancillary facilities; pipelines and associated valves; office buildings for control unit; and residential
complex for employees. The equipment packages and installations are: a) Compressor & Driver unit;
b) Inlet scrubber; c) Inlet filter separator; d) Air cooler; e) Lube oil cooler; f) Liquid/ waste storage
tank; g) Fuel gas skid; h) Vent stack; i) Station isolation valves; j) Main line bypass valves; k) Flow
14
meters; l) MCC/ Switch gear; m) Suction strainer; n) Anti surge system; o) Cold recycle valve; p) Gas
alternator; q)Fuel gas system and tank; r) Transformer; s) Instrument and utility air package; t) Fire
water pumps and tank; u) Borehole and borehole pump; v) Water tank and purifier unit; w) Septic
system; x) Security house; y) Fire hydrant ; z) Control room; and aa) Workshop and warehouse. The
residential complex for employees will be outside the main compressor unit and associated office and
pipelines.
The layout plan of the proposed two compressor station is shown in Figure 2.8 and 2.9. Also the detail
layout plan of two compressor stations in large scale is given in Appendix B. The process flow
diagram and conceptual general arrangement are presented in Appendix C and D respectively.
Figure 2.8: Layout plan of proposed Ashuganj compressor station
15
Figure 2.9: Layout plan of proposed Elenga compressor station
2.8 Phases
The installation activities of the proposed compressor station are divided into two phases: pre-
construction, during construction and post-construction/ operation phase. The associated activities in
all stages are described in the following sections:
2.8.1 Pre-construction phase

Before construction of a compressor station, designing and planning the proposed compressor station
have to be completed. In this stage the following activities are undertaken: a) Technical and financial
feasibility study; b) Suitable site selection; c) Environmental and Social impact assessment d) Detail
design of the compressor station; e) Land acquisition and payment of compensation ( if any); f)
Clearance from respective authorities; g) Appointment of contractor for physical installation
2.8.2 Construction phase

During construction phase, various works including material procurement & mobilization; earth work,
civil works installation of equipment packages, electrical works are implemented. Detail descriptions
of major activities are given as follows:
a. Transportation and handling of construction materials and equipment

Civil construction material and equipments, mechanical equipments will be transported using large
trailers, lorries, trucks and river crafts. After obtaining required permission, the existing roads and
rivers will be used for the transports. The transportation of these equipments may require grading of river
16
embankment and skidding through open field. The landowners may be required to be paid
compensation.
b. Civil works
(i) Site Development
The site for Ashuganj compressor station is well developed. The Elenga compressor station has also
being developed by GTCL. The provision of civil works would be the same for installation of
standard Gas Turbine & Compressor (GTC) packages and ancillary facilities in two compressor
stations, except site development and foundations at Elenga, which may vary upon the conditions of
locations. The bidding document advised the bidders to develop the land if further development is
required.
(ii) Drainage
Each facility shall be graded and sloped to provide positive drainage. Minimum slope shall be 1.0%
and maximum slope at operational and maintenance areas shall be limited to 5%. Finished grade shall
be sloped away from buildings, equipment or structures. Storm runoff shall be carried in open ditches
and discharged into the natural drainage channels. Culverts shall be provided to carry the flow under
roads, walks etc. Runoff calculations shall be based upon the quantity of runoff from a 10-year
interval storm recurrence.
(iii) Roads, Parking Areas and Access & Clearances
Station access roads shall tie into the public road system or other established roads where possible.
Access roads shall be designed as non-paved (100 - 150 mm top surface of gravel or crushed stone),
built-up roads with a 20-year design life. Road base shall have approximately 200 mm compacted fill
with sub grade of 95% of maximum density compaction. Geotextile under lays shall be evaluated for
use in areas of exceptionally poor sub grade such as swamp or unstable soil conditions. Means of
access shall be provided to operating equipment and facilities. All valves used in equipment
operation/isolation shall also be equipped with a means of access.
(iv) Foundations
Foundations may be soil-bearing or piling types. Selection of foundation type shall be based on
recommendations from the soil investigation report. Concrete shall be placed against undisturbed soil
where possible. Bottom of concrete shall extend 600 mm below finished grade, except for slabs on
grade and minor mat supported equipment. Bottom of foundations shall be a minimum of 150 mm
below adjacent piping to prevent undermining. This does not apply to slabs on grade. Top of concrete
(TOC) or top of grout (TOG) shall be 200 mm above finished grade, except where otherwise dictated
by special equipment requirements. Skid mounted equipment shall be supported on stub piers
(whenever structurally acceptable). Minimum edge distance where equipment is supported on slabs
shall be 300 mm from equipment edge to concrete slab edge.
(v) Operational Building and Other Civil Works
The design package shall include the following civil works but not necessarily be limited to:
equipment foundation design;
control buildings;
compression package/equipment shelter with maintenance facilities.
open sheds with one or two closed sides and a single or double pitched roof above the station if
indicated on the layout drawings. Angle of the roof approximately 15;
drainage system;
roads and access paving;
fences and entrance gates inside the boundary walls as shown on the layout drawings.
17
c. Installation of compressor equipment and auxiliaries

After completion of building, all equipment will be installed at the station (outdoor and indoor) as per
design drawing specification and standard. During installation of equipments, solid waste, liquid waste or
noise may be created. Accidental failure of equipment may occur.
d. Safety Measures
The proposed projects have the following security measures:
Fire fighting Equipment: As the compressor stations are vital installations, fire-fighting equipment of
appropriate specification will be procured and installed.
First aid Materials: First aid boxes are to be kept in the installation.
Boundary Wall and Security: A reasonable height of boundary will be constructed and protection wire
will be provided on the walls. Also trained security guards will be provided.
Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE): All workers and officers shall be equipped with required PPE
during construction and operation & maintenance phase as well.
e. Testing and Commissioning of Equipment

After installation of (outdoor and indoor), each and every equipment will be tested as per specification
and standard. If all the tests are successful the compressor station will be commissioned accordingly after
getting permission from explosive department of Bangladesh.
2.8.3 Post-Construction/ Operation phase

During operation phase, the compressor station will run with regular maintenance activities. Solid/
liquid wastes and gaseous emission will be generated from the operation activities.
2.9 Waste/emissions from the Proposed Compressor Stations
Some liquid waste, solid waste, gaseous pollutants and noise may be generated as a by product from
the proposed compressor stations. The liquid waste is mainly the wastewater discharged from the
station and the gaseous pollutant (Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) emission) is mainly from fuel gas
burning, blow down or leakage. The estimated amount of waste to be generated from the compressor
stations and the emission/ discharge standards of DOE is given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Waste / emission from the proposed compressor stations
Sl. Estimated amount

Waste / emission DOE standard *
1 Waste water
Daily discharge 15 Tons 8 Tons Standards for
waste water
discharge is given
in chapter 3.
Oil content 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm
18
Sl. Estimated amount

Waste / emission DOE standard *
Discharge Zone Septic tank system / Septic tank system / close
close drain system/ drain system/ sump pit
sump pit
2 Gaseous emission (HAPs emission)
Mode of gaseous emissions: Exhaust flow rate/ fuel gas burning and
Leakage from piping and equipment.
Emission of Pollutants:
SOx As inlet gas does not contain any Sulfur, therefore,
No specific
emission of Sulfur Oxides is not envisaged. standard for C/S
NOx 15-25 ppm per Gas Turbine Unit No specific
(The emission limit is expected within a load range
standard for C/S.
42% -100% of base load. The proposed Gas But similar to gas
Turbine can work at a load lower than 42% fuel based power
plant of 500 MW
particularly at Elenga Station.Therefore emmision
for Elenga may be higher than the above or above, for
approximation) which NOx
emission limit is
50 ppm
CO 10-50 ppm per Gas Turbine Unit No specific
(The emission limit is expected within a load range standard for C/S
42% -100% of base load. The proposed Gas
Turbine can work at a load lower than 42%
for Elenga may be higher than the above
approximation)
UHC (Unburned 10-25 ppm per Gas Turbine Unit No specific
Hydrocarbon) (The emission limit is expected within a load range standard for C/S
42% -100% of base load. The proposed Gas
Turbine can work at a load lower than 42%
for Elenga may be higher than the above
approximation)
Total HAPs emission No specific

2.15-5.18
Tons per year 6.44-16.55 standard for C/S
Daily HAPs No specific
5.88-14.2
emission (kg) 17.64-45.33 standard for C/S
3 Noise
Noise level at one meter distance to the control valves should not exceed:
During normal No specific
80 dB(A)
operation 80 dB(A) standard for C/S
During blowdown No specific
110 dB(A)
operation 110 dB(A) standard for C/S
* Standard limit specified in Environment Conservation Rules 1997.
* Emission will be as per DOE standard as the bidder proposed Low NOx (DLE) Gas Turbine.
19
20
Chapter 3
Description of the Environment
3.1 Introduction
A multidisciplinary team from CEGIS visited the two sites of compressor stations at Ashuganj in
Brahmanbaria District and Elenga in Tangail district. The visit was framed in this way: a) Ashuganj in
Brahmanbaria District has been covered in one trip from 3-4, Januray 2008, while b) Elanga in
Tangail has been covered by a separate trip on 6, Januray, 2008.
It is to be mentioned here that before going to visit the two proposed sites, the team visited one
compressor station functioning at the Bakhrabad gas field with a capacity of 1200 HP. The two
proposed compressor stations with much higher capacity of 13000 HP, 20000 HP and 4000 HP will
be installed at Ashuganj in Brahmanbaria District and Elanga in Tangail District respectively. This
visit was very much necessary to understand the functionality of compressor station, to see the
physical appurtenant features and installed arrangement, existing station in totality, drainage system,
operation and maintenance status and finally to have clear conception on compressor station and its
function. This knowledge would be very much useful in developing baseline of IEE study.
The team visited the two sites and observed that land development was already done for Ashuganj in
Brahmanbaria and Elanga in Tangail to make the land free from flooding. This baseline has been
developed based on discussions with local stakeholders, implementing agency and visualizing the
physical and natural features, collecting and analyzing the secondary data and information.
3.2 Physical Resources
The geological resources baseline describes below information include stratigraphy, structure, and
seismic history.
3.2.1 Geology
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic subdivision of the rock sequences in
Bangladesh (Figure 3.1) follows the broad tectonic divisions.
There are two stratigraphic subdivisions in practice: 1)
Stable Shelf and 2) Deep Geosynclinal Basin. The study area
(Elenga of Tangail and Ashuganj of Brahmanbaria) lies in
the deep geosynclinal part. It is characterized by a huge
sedimentary sequence of mostly tertiary age testified high
tectonic instability or mobility. The stratigraphy of the deep
basin including fore deep and fold belt to the southeast is
characterized by an enormous thickness of tertiary
sedimentary succession.
Figure 3.1: Stratigraphic division
of Bangladesh.
21
The rocks encountered here are much younger in geologic age and ranges between Oligocene and
Recent time. The basin has got the record of rapid subsidence and sedimentation. Stratigraphy of deep
geosynclinal basin can be summarized as follows (Table 3.1)
Table 3.1: Stratigraphy of Deep Geosyncline Basin
Age Group Formation Max. thickness (m)

Pleistocene Modhupur Clay 30
Plio-Pleistocene Dupi Tila 2500
Tipam Girujan Clay 1000
Pliocene Tipam Sandstone 2500
Mio-Pliocene Bokabil 1500
Surma
Miocene Bhuban 3500
Renji 700
Oligocene Barail
Jenum Base not encountered 240+
Source: Energy resources of Bangladesh (June 2005), Badrul Imam.
Structure
Geological structure in Ashuganj is delineated mainly based on geophysical survey named as Titas
structure. This is an anticlinal fold, which has no surface geomorphic expression and is covered by
Titas-Meghna river floodplain deposits. Titas anticline is a north-south elongated semi-domal
structure influenced by tectonically positive element from the deep subsurface. Titas anticlinal closure
is one of the largest (168 km) in Bangladesh. The structure is asymmetric in nature with steeper dip in
the eastern flank and gentler slope in the western flank. There has been indication of faulting in the
deeper level in the eastern flank, as shown by seismic reflection discontinuities.
Figure 3.2: Cross-section of structure from Northwest to Southeast.

Seismic history
Depending on the geological structure, Bangladesh has been classified into three seismic zones
(Figure 3.3). According to that, Elenga and Ashuganj fall under the Zone-II, which is characterized by
medium to high earthquake prone area. Available geological faults in and around the country shown
in the figure 3.4, suggest that Ashuganj fall on L2 fault line where the maximum magnitude of
earthquake is within the range of 5M<6 in Richter scale. Elenga is in influence of L3 fault line with
probable magnitude range of 6M<7 Richter scale. History of seismic events of the study areas are
briefly described in the table 3.2
22
Figure 3.3: Seismic zones of Bangladesh. Figure 3.4: Fault lines

(Source: Banglapedia) (Source: Banglapedia)
Table 3.2: Earthquake history

Year Description of the seismic event
1548 The first recorded earthquake was a terrible one. Sylhet and Chittagong were violently
shaken, the earth was opened in many places and threw up water and mud of a sulphurous
smell.
1642 More severe damage occurred in Sylhet district. Buildings were cracked but there was no loss
of life.
1663 Severe earthquake in Assam, which continued for half an hour and Sylhet district was not free
from its shock.
1812 Severe earthquake in many places of Bangladesh around May 11. The earthquake proved
violent in Sylhet
1865 Terrible shock was felt, during the second earthquake which occurred in the winter of 1865,
although no serious damage occurred.
1869 Known as Cachar Earthquake. Severely felt in Sylhet but no loss of life. The steeple of the
church was shattered, the walls of the courthouse and the circuit bungalow cracked and in the
eastern part of the district the banks of many rivers caved in.
1885 Known as the Bengal Earthquake. Occurred on 14 July with magnitude of 7.0 Richter scale
and the epicentre was at Manikganj. This event was associated with the deep-seated Jamuna
Fault.
1889 Occurred on 10 January with magnitude of 7.5 Richter scale and the epicentre was at Jaintia
Hills. It affected Sylhet town and surrounding areas.
1897 Known as the Great India Earthquake with a magnitude of 8.7 Richter scale and epicentre was
at Shillong Plateau. The great earthquake occurred on 12 June at 5.15 pm, caused serious
damage to masonry buildings in Sylhet town where the death toll rose to 545. This was due to
the collapse of the masonry buildings.
1918 Known as the Srimangal Earthquake. Occurred on 18 July with a magnitude of 7.6 Richter
scale and epicentre was at Srimangal, Maulvi Bazar. Intense damage occurred in Srimangal,
but in Dhaka only minor effects were observed.
Source: Banglapedia
23
3.2.2 Atmosphere
The climatic parameters data has been accumulated from different secondary sources (NWRD;
WARPO, 2001) and synchronized at district level namely Elenga, and Ashuganj. All the two study
areas fall in the South-central climatic zone of Bangladesh. (Figure 3.5).
Figure 3.5: Climatic Sub-region

(Source: Banglapedia)
The climate of the study areas is tropical in nature, where three out of six seasons are found
prominent. The extent of rainy season is from May to October and almost 90% of total rainfall occurs
in this season. Mean monthly maximum rainfall for wet season has been observed as 395 mm and
270mm for Brahmanbaria and Kalihati respectively. Mean monthly maximum rainfall for dry season
has been observed as low as 6.5 mm for Kalihati followed by 6.6 mm for Brahmanbaria. November to
February is termed as winter season characterized by dry and cold weather; rainfall is very rare in this
period. Monthly average minimum temperatures have been found 11.30C at Tangail in January
followed by 11.990C and 11.990C at Comilla and Brahmanbaria respectively (Figure3.7 shows
monthly average minimum temperature).
Summer season consists of April and May when air becomes much hot with minimum humidity.
Dreadful storm (locally called Kal Boishakhi) occurs in this time with heavy rainfall; some times it is
accompanied by hails. Monthly average maximum temperature of Elenga and Ashuganj are 340C and
320C respectively. Figure 3.6 shows monthly average maximum temperature. Monthly average
relative humidity of the study areas varies up to 14% between dry and wet seasons due to temperature
and rainfall variation. Annual average relative humidity of Elenga and Ashuganj are 78.3% and 79.2%
respectively. Average sunshine hours for Elenga and Ashuganj for dry seasons are 7.2 hours and 7.5
24
hours respectively and for wet seasons these values are 5.3 hours and 5.7 hours respectively. Average
monthly wind speed for Elenga and Ashuganj for dry seasons are 60.5 km/day and 50.6 km/day
respectively and for wet seasons the average values increase upto 143.8 km/day and 169.6 km/day
respectively.
Figure 3.6: Mean monthly maximum Figure 3.7: Mean monthly minimum
temperature temperature
Figure 3.8: Mean monthly rainfall
3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality

Air pollution has recently been gaining priority among environmental issues. Exposure to air pollution
is the main environmental threat to human health in towns, cities and also for important structural
development works. There are two major sources of air pollution in Bangladesh, vehicular emissions
and industrial emissions and these are mainly concentrated in the cities. Apart from that there are also
numerous brick-making kilns working in dry season are another source of air pollution by emitting of
oxides of sulfur and volatile organic compounds. Gas compressor stations may be considered as
industry and the category of the area should be consider as Industrial and mixed area. Air quality
standards according to the Department of Environment (DoE) for Suspended particulate maters
(SPM), Sulphur-dioxide, Carbon monoxide and Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are 500 microgram per
cusec meter, 120 microgram per cusec meter, 5000 microgram per cusec meter and 100 microgram
per cusec meter respectively. Table 3.3 shows the air quality standards for different categories of area.
No existing record of ambient air quality has been found for the project sites.
25
Table 3.3: Air quality standard

Sl Categories of Area Suspended Particulate Sulphur- Carbon Oxides
No. Maters (SPM)* dioxide* Monoxide* Nitrogen*
1 Industrial and mixed 500 120 5000 100
2 Commercial and mixed 400 100 5000 100
3 Residential and rural 200 80 2000 80
4 Sensitive 100 30 1000 30
*Density in microgram per cusec meter
Source: Environmental Conservation Rule (ECR)97
Notes:
1. At national level, sensitive area includes monuments, health center, hospital, archeological
site, educational institution, and government designated areas (if any).
2. Industrial units located in areas not designated, as industrial areas shall not discharge
pollutants, which may contribute to exceeding the standard for air surrounding the areas,
specified at Sl. nos. 3 and 4 above.
3. Suspended Particulate Matter means airborne particles of a diameter of 10 micron or less.
3.2.4 Ambient Water Quality

Ambient water quality is represented by some selected parameters, which are crucial for drinking
purpose, agricultural activities and to maintain optimum aquatic environment. All the values are
justified against the standards set by the Environmental Conservation Rule (ECR) 97 (Table 3.4).
Seasonal average minimum values of DO for thetwo sites are in acceptable limit and found as 6.2
mg/l for Elenga of Tangail and 5.8 mg/l. for Ashuganj. BOD values are also found in acceptable limit,
where the maximum values are found as 1.4 mg/l for Elenga and 3.0 mg/l for Ashuganj. pH values are
also found in the acceptable range of 6.78 to 8.7 for the study areas. EC values are found 75
microS/cm to 85 microS/cm for Jamuna river, and 2.0 microS/cm to 450 microS/cm for Meghna river.
EC in Ashuganj is much higher because of the saline water. Table 3.5 shows the ambient water
quality of the study area.
Table 3.4: Standards for inland surface water
Sl. Best Practice based Parameters

No. Classification pH BOD (mg/l) DO (mg/l) Total coliform
(number /100)
1 Source of drinking water for 6.58.5 2 or less 6 or above 50 or less
supply only after disinfecting
2 Water usable for 6.5 8.5 3 or less 5 or more 200 or less
recreational activity
3 Source of drinking water 6.5 8.5 6 or less 6 or more 5000 or less
for supply after conventional
treatment
4 Water usable by fisheries 6.5 8.5 6 or less 5 or more -
5 Water usable by various 6.5 8.5 10 or less 5 or more 5000 or less
process and cooling industries
6 Water usable for irrigation 6.5 8.5 10 or less 5 or more 1000 or less
Source: Environmental Conservation Rule (ECR)97
26
Notes:
1. In water used for pisiculture, maximum limit of presence of ammonia as Nitrogen is 1.2 mg/l.
2. Electrical conductivity for irrigation water 2250 Pmhos/cm (at a temperature of 25qC);
Sodium less than 26%; boron less than 0.2%.
Table 3.5: Season wise average surface water quality status
Location PH EC Chloride DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l)

(micro S/cm) (mg/l)
Wet season
Wet season
Wet season
Wet season
Wet season
Dry season
Dry season
Dry season
Dry season
Dry season
Jamuna river
Jamuna bridge 7.7 8.7 87 75 90 54 6.2 7.1 1.4 1.2
Meghna river
NearChandpur 6.0 6.5 245 450 18 42 7.6 6.6 1.4 1.8
Near Ashugange 6.1 6.8 254 368 18 26 8.5 7.00 1.00 1.8
Meghna Ghat 6.95 7.18 116 136 2 8 6.2 5.8 3.0 2.8
Near Zia Fertilizer 6.9 7.15 2.0 7.18 3 12 6.0 3.0 2.8
Source: Department of Environment, 2006.
3.2.5 Ambient noise

Gas compressor stations are considered as industry. According to Department of Environment (DoE),
the category of the intervention area is Industrial area. Standards determined for industrial area
is 75 dBa for day and 70 dBa for night. Table 3.6 delineates the standards for noise of different
categories of areas.
No existing record of noise quality has been found for the project sites.
Table 3.6: Standards for Sound
Sl Standards determined at dBa unit

Category of areas
No. Day Night
1 Silent zone 45 35
2 Residential area 50 40
3 Mixed area (mainly residential area, simultaneously 60 50
used for commercial and industrial purposes)
4 Commercial area 70 60
5 Industrial area 75 70
Source: E.C.R. 97
Notes:
1. The time from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. is counted as day time.
2. The time from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. is counted as night time.
27
3. Area up to a radius of 100 meters around hospitals or educational institutions or special

institutions/ establishments identified/to be identified by the Government is designated as
Silent Zones where use of horns of vehicles or other audio signals, and loudspeakers are
prohibited.
3.2.6 Land Resources

Ashuganj site is under Agro ecological Region 16: Middle Meghna Floodplain. The study area
comprises the levees of Meghna river. The area was part of low levee along the Meghna river. But the
area was developed in the year 1992. The land was filled up by the river sands. At present the land is
very flat and covered by grassland. This site is surrounded by canals, settlements and agricultural
fields to the east, Meghna river to the west, Ashuganj fertilizer factory, settlements and rice fields to
the south and GTCL Gas metering office to the north.
The Elenga station has been included within Agro ecological region 8: Young Brahmaputra and
Jamuna Floodplain. The study site was part of deeply flooded basin. The soils were silty clay loams to
clays. But the land was filled up by the river sands. At present this land is flat, developed and above
flood level. The study area is surrounded by settlements, ponds and rice fields to the south and east,
BPC area to the north and Titas office and road to the west
3.2.7 Water resources

Topography and Drainage pattern
Geographically the two proposed compressor station sites fall in two different topographical and
flooded areas. There are clear differences in their topography as well as their drainage pattern.
Ashuganj site at Brambaria falls in the medium to deeply flooded areas of Meghna river having very
gentle slope. The Meghna river is the source of flooding and also acts as the main drainage route of all
the interconnected rivers and surrounding areas. This site has already been developed and made free
from normal flood and connected with the urban area. This site has both urban and natural drainage
system. The urban drainage is the structural drain besides metallic road coming from Ashuganj town
to Zia Fertilizer. The natural drainage pass through the low-lying floodplain connected with Meghna
river.
Elanga site is located in the semi-urbanized area besides Dhaka-Tangai highway and falls in the sand
witched area of two rivers such as the Jamuna and Pungli (Dhaleswari). This is also located in the
medium to deeply flooded areas of Jamuna river. The floodwater comes from Jamuna river and
drained through Pungli river and ultimately passes to the Meghna river. Topographically the slope is
gentle towards south. The existing drainage is through low laying agricultural land and water bodies
of homestead surrounding the site. Similar to Ashuganj, it is also developed area free from natural
flood.
Surface water hydrology
River, canal, beel and pond are main sources of surface water of Brahmanbaria sadar thana. Titas river
and its braches forms river net in and around the district of Brahmanbaria and ultimately meet with
the Meghna and flows in the west. The Meghna flows through out the year and passes besides the site
at Ashuganj. All these rivers are tidal in natutre. Mean monthly maximum water level of Meghna
river at Bhairab Bazar for dry and wet seasons are 7.95 m and 11.23 m respectively, whereas mean
monthly minimum water level for dry and wet seasons varies between 6.7 m and 9.77 m respectively.
River, canal, beel and pond are main sources of surface water of Kalihati thana. The Jamuna river is
flowing in the west of Durgapur union, Dhalesshwari river passes through the thana from north to
south and one branch of it passes through Durgapur, Salla, Elenga and Mohadev thana in the name of
Lawhojong river and reach Tangail thana. Bankshi river flows through the eastern border. A big
28
cannal passes through the Narayandia union in the middle and meets the Bankshi river in the east.
Another canal named Nangail and Chabdi passed it from the north. Palima and Nagni are other
mentionable canals. In the dry season, only the Jamuna remains navigable but Dhaleswari,
Lowhojong and Bankshi rivers dry out in places. The canals completely dry out in the dry season.
Mean monthly maximum water level of Jamuna river at the Jamuna bridge site for dry and wet
seasons are 7.95 m and 11.23 m and mean monthly minimum water level for dry and wet seasons are
6.7 m and 9.77 m respectively.
Figure 3.9: Mean annual potential recharge
Ground water table condition

Ground water table condition depends on the annual withdrawal, potential recharge as well as on the
individual aquifer characteristics. Mean annual potential recharge of Elenga, and Brahmanbaria sadar
are 700 mm and 600 mm respectively. Figure 3.9 summarizes the distribution of mean annual
potential recharge. Ground water level data of BWDB were used to delineate ground water table
condition. According to the data, monthly maximum average depth of ground water for Brahmanbaria
Sadar and Elenga are 5.80 in mid April and 5.85 m in mid May respectively (Fig. 3.10).
29
Figure 3.10: Monthly average ground water depth
3.3 Land Resources
Ashuganj site is under Agro ecological Region 16: Middle Meghna Floodplain. The study area
comprises the levees of Meghna river. The area was part of low levee along the Meghna river. But the
area was developed in the year 1992. The land was filled up by the river sands. At present the land is
very flat and covered by grassland. This site is surrounded by canals, settlements and agricultural
fields to the east, Meghna river to the west, Ashuganj fertilizer factory, settlements and rice fields to
the south and GTCL Gas metering office to the north.
The Elenga station has been included within Agro ecological region 8: Young Brahmaputra and
Jamuna Floodplain. The study site was part of deeply flooded basin. The soils were silty clay loams to
clays. But the land was filled up by the river sands. At present this land is flat, developed and above
flood level. The study area is surrounded by settlements, ponds and rice fields to the south and east,
BPC area to the north and Titas office and road to the west.
3.4 Ecological Resources
3.4.1 Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystem

Ashuganj site
Bio-ecological zone
The Ashuganj site is situated within the Meghna Floodplain bio-ecological zone of the country.
Meghna Floodplains is created by the deposition of sediments brought by the old Brahmaputra as well
as the Meghna river. The floodplain occupies a low lying landscapes of chars and meandering rivers.
Most of the areas are deeply flooded during monsoon, while vast tracts of paddy field is the main land
use for the dry season. Homesteads are constructed mostly on the high earth platform to avoid yearly
flooding. Because of the variable land types and flooding depth the species richness is high for the
zone.
Ecosystems
The project site and the adjoining areas of the proposed compressor station occupy both terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems.
Terrestrial ecosystem
The project site is a land filled rive bank devoid of any significant floral and faunal species. Even in
the neighborhood there is no important vegetated area. Major divisions of terrestrial ecosystems found
30
adjacent to the project area are i) Mud flat, ii) Homesteads, iii) Agricultural land, and iv) Urban area.
Mud flat bank of the river Meghna bordered the southern edge of the site. Nearest homesteads are
about 100m away from the construction site. Agricultural lands are fragmented around the
homesteads and are used for producing one or two rice crop and some vegetables. Homestead
gardens are well vegetated with timber and fruit yielding trees and vegetable species. Many species of
wild plants also referable in homesteads and village grooves. Urban and semi-urban areas do exist
with low density of vegetation. Because of serious disturbance due to urbanization and presence of
heavy industry, wildlife population and distribution are poor, but still some small mammals and birds
can be observed.
Aquatic ecosystem
Only major aquatic ecosystem close to the project location is the Meghna River, which is about 500m
from the southern boundary of the site. Other representing wetlands are ponds and ditches around the
homesteads. However, all these ditches and back water pools are linked with the river flow. These
seasonal wetlands are mostly used for both capture and culture fisheries in the monsoon but converted
into paddy field in the dry season. The Meghna River supports a host of important aquatic species.
Moreover, nearby seasonal aquatic ecosystems are abounded not only with numerous aquatic flora but
also with many aquatic wildlife species including birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles.
Biodiversity
The project area and its neighborhood support the habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. Some
important species are mentioned in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: List of flora and fauna species
Flora
Scientific Name Local Name Habit
Areca catechu Supari T
Erythrina indica Mandar T
Cocos nucifea Narikel T
Borassus flabellifer Tal T
Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru T
Phonix sylvestris Khejur T
Albizia procera Koroi T
Crotolaria anagyroids Haldaphu H
Duabanga grandiflora Bandarhulla H
Spilanthes iabadicensis Banganda H
Lippia geminata Bakkan H
Crataeva nurvala Barun T
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Kurchi T
Musa paradisiacal Kola H
Cucuma zeodaria Shoti H
Alternanthera sessilis Helencha H
Cynodon dactylon Durba H
Erythrina variegata Mandar T
Lagerstromis speciosa Jarul T
Argemone mexicana Shialkanta H
Serratula pallida Jhurjhur H
Hygrophila auriculata Kulekada H
31

Saccharum spontaneum kash H
Gelonium multiflorum Ban naranga H
Imperata cylindrical Ulu H
Calycopteris floribunda Gaichha lata Cle
Syzygium cumini Jam T
Bambusa arundinacea Kantabansh T
Leea alata Kukura S
Buddleia asiatica Neemada T
Calamus sp. Bet S
Cassia fistula Sonali Cle
Clerodendrum viscossum Bhant S
Scoparia dulcis Bondhoney Cle
Sida cordifolia Berela S
Smilax macrophylla Kumari lata Cle
Monochoria hastata Bara nukha H
Zizyphus mauritiana Boroi T
Vitex glabarata Arsol S
Polygonum glabrum Bishkatali H
Vetiveria zizaniodes Ghagra H
Clinogyne dichotoma Patipata S
Hygroryza aristata Phutki F
Habit: T: Tree, S: Shrub; H: Herb; Cle: Climber; F: Floating
Fauna
Scientific Name Local Name Status
Mammals
Eptesicus pachyotis Thick-yeard bat N/A
Tupaia glis Common tree shrew P
Viverricula indica Small Indian civet VU
Capricornis sumatraensis Mainland shrew N/A
Aonyx cinerea Clawless otter EN
Manis crassicaudata Indian pangolin EN
Reptiles
Xenocrophis cerasogaster Dark-bellied marsh snake VU
Typhlops porrectus, Slender worm snake N/A
Bungarus fasciatus Banded krait EN
Varanus bengalensis Guishap VU
Boiga ochraceus Tawny cat snake N/A
Coluber nigromarginatus Green rat snake VU
Boiga multomaculata Large spotted cat snake N/A
Amphibians
Rana cyanophlyctis Kotkoti beng C
Hoplobactrachus tigerinus Bull frog C
Occidozyga lima Puddle frog N/A
Birds
Corvus splendens House Crow C
Vanellus davaucelii River lapwing EN
32

Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite N/A
Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret C
Gyps bengalensis White-rumped vulture R
Hemixos flavala Ashy bulbul N/A
Spilornis cheela Crested serpent eagle R
Pellorneum albiventre Spot-throated babbler CR
Aplonis panayensis Asian glossy starling N/A
Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Cuckoo N/A
Sturnus contra Asian pied starling N/A
Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna C
Tyto alba Brown owl VU
Lonchura malacca Black Munia N/A
Haliastur indus Brahmini Kite VU
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret C
Passer domesticus House sparrow C
Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant C
Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul C
Pericrocotus sinamomeus Small minivet N/A
Status: VU: Vulnerable; EN: Endangered; C: Common; R: Rare; CR: Critically Endangered
N/A: Not Available
Elenga site
Bio-ecological zone
The Elenga site is situated within the Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain bio-ecological zone of the
country. Brahmaputra-Jamuna floodplain comprises the active channel of the Brahmaputra River and
the young adjoining areas formed after the Brahmaputra River shifted to its present course. The
Brahmaputra-Jamuna floodplain possesses a unique variety of plants and wildlife species, might be
due to its proximity to Madhupur Sal tract.
Ecosystems
The project site and the adjoining areas of the proposed compressor station occupy both terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems.
Terrestrial ecosystem
This project site is a road side land filled area devoid of any significant floral or faunal species. At
present it is used for some low level agriculture. The site also includes a small partly filled natural
ditch. The neighborhood areas are mostly elevated homestead platform with good vegetation cover.
The area is crisscrossed by the dense network of roads and the National Highway 4 which connects
Dhaka with Jamuna bridge is about 200m from the project site. In the project area major divisions
found within the terrestrial ecosystems are: i) Agricultural land, ii) Homesteads, and iii) Built up
areas. The agricultural lands are mostly used for paddy cultivation and or vegetables production.
Homestead gardens are abounded by timber tree, fruit yielding and vegetable species. Homestead
platforms are also producing different kinds of bamboo and cane species. Many species of wild plant
species can also be observed in homesteads and village grooves. Urban and built up areas exist with
low density of vegetation. Because of serious disturbance due to urbanization and dense road network
33
with heavy traffic load, the wildlife population and distribution are poor, but still some small
mammals and birds can be observed.
Aquatic ecosystem
There is no wetland ecosystem in the project area. Most of the adjoining areas are above the average
flood level and only flooded during the high flood. The project is located about 5 kilometers from the
left bank of The Jamuna River. Few other small ponds and ditches are scattered nearby around the
homestead platform and most of them are used for household purposes and small scale fish culture.
Nearby seasonal aquatic ecosystems are not very rich with aquatic flora faunal species.
Biodiversity
The project area and its neighborhood support the habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. Some
important species are mentioned in Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 List of flora and fauna species

Flora
Erythrina indica Mandar T
Cocos nucifea Narikel T
Anthocephalus chinensis Kadam T
Acacia nilotica Babla T
Phonix sylvestris Khejur T
Albizia procera Koroi T
Calotropis gigantea Akand H
Aphanamixis polystachya Pitraj T
Spilanthes iabadicensis Banganda H
Lippia geminata Bakkan H
Crataeva nurvala Barun T
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Kurchi T
Musa paradisiacal Kola H
Cucuma zeodaria Shoti H
Alternanthera sessilis Helencha H
Cynodon dactylon Durba H
Erythrina variegata Mandar T
Lagerstromis speciosa Jarul T
Argemone mexicana Shialkanta H
Serratula pallida Jhurjhur H
Hygrophila auriculata Kulekada H
Saccharum spontaneum kash H
Gelonium multiflorum Ban naranga H
Imperata cylindrical Ulu H
Calycopteris floribunda Gaichha lata Cle
Syzygium cumini Jam T
Bambusa arundinacea Kantabansh T
Leea alata Kukura S
Buddleia asiatica Neemada T
Calamus sp. Bet S
Cassia fistula Sonali Cle
34

Clerodendrum viscossum Bhant S
Scoparia dulcis Bondhoney Cle
Sida cordifolia Berela S
Smilax macrophylla Kumari lata Cle
Monochoria hastata Bara nukha H
Zizyphus mauritiana Boroi T
Vitex glabarata Arsol S
Polygonum glabrum Bishkatali H
Vetiveria zizaniodes Ghagra H
Clinogyne dichotoma Patipata S
Hygroryza aristata Phutki F
Habit: T: Tree, S: Shrub; H: Herb; Cle: Climber; F: Floating
Fauna
Mammals
Eptesicus pachyotis Thick-yeard bat N/A
Tupaia glis Common tree shrew P
Viverricula indica Small Indian civet VU
Capricornis sumatraensis Mainland shrew N/A
Manis crassicaudata Indian pangolin EN
Reptiles
Bungarus fasciatus Banded krait EN
Varanus bengalensis Guishap VU
Boiga ochraceus Tawny cat snake N/A
Coluber nigromarginatus Green rat snake VU
Boiga multomaculata Large spotted cat snake N/A
Amphibians
Rana cyanophlyctis Kotkoti beng C
Hoplobactrachus tigerinus Bull frog C
Occidozyga lima Puddle frog N/A
Birds
Corvus splendens House Crow C
Vanellus davaucelii River lapwing EN
Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite N/A
Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret C
Gyps bengalensis White-rumped vulture R
Hemixos flavala Ashy bulbul N/A
Spilornis cheela Crested serpent eagle R
Pellorneum albiventre Spot-throated babbler CR
Aplonis panayensis Asian glossy starling N/A
Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Cuckoo N/A
Sturnus contra Asian pied starling N/A
Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna C
Tyto alba Brown owl VU
Lonchura malacca Black Munia N/A
Haliastur indus Brahmini Kite VU
35

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret C
Passer domesticus House sparrow C
Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant C
Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul C
Pericrocotus sinamomeus Small minivet N/A
Status: VU: Vulnerable; EN: Endangered; C: Common; R: Rare; CR: Critically Endangered
N/A: Not Available
3.5 Economic Development
3.5.1 Employment, poverty reduction and social benefit

Installation of compressor stations with other pipeline sub-projects will create an efficient and viable
gas infrastructure for expanding access to gas to less developed western region of the country to help
balanced regional development. This will not only save foreign exchange currently spent on fuel
imports but also will have a positive impact on the environment.
During construction and operation of the project local labor will be employed temporarily which will
improve the overall socio-economic condition as well as poverty status. Besides installation of
Compressor Stations will contribute significantly in establishment of gas based power plants,
industrial and commercial unit by supplying adequate gas.
In addition, with the installation of compressor station facilities will be created for supplying adequate
gas. Use of natural gas as fuel will replace fossil and bio-fuels thus improve the ambient air quality in
urban centers and indoor air quality in many households, which will have a positive impact on the
environment and health, particularly of the woman and children who are most vulnerable to the
harmful effects of biomass and fuel wood.
3.5.2 Agriculture Sector

The study area in Ashuganj and Elenga are remaining fallow. No agricultural crops are grown on this
land.
3.5.3 Transportation Sector
Ashuganj Compressor Station Site
Ashuganj compressor station site is located beside Meghna river and Dhaka Sylhet highway. But the
access road to the site from the highway is not wide enough for large vehicles. So temporary jetty
beside the jetty of Zia Fertilizer Factory at the Meghna river can be used for handling of equipments.
The Zia Fertilizer Factory use this jetty for shipment of fertilizer by truck through ferry/ barges during
peak season demand of fertilizer mainly in Boro rice cultivation period. Rest of the time in a year, the
jetty remains unused by the factory. So the jetty can be used by GTCL for shipment of the large
equipments.
Elenga Compressor Station Site
Elenga site is accessibly by road only. The Dhaka - Tangail Sirajganj road is about 50 ft wide,
which is on the west side of GTCL station. There is about 15 ft wide road connect the existing GTCL
office to the Dhaka - Tangail - Sirajganj road. During construction period, traffic jam may occur due
to transport and handling of equipments and construction material for several times. Although the
36
duration of traffic jam may be for few minutes, a baseline survey need to be conducted to analyze the
traffic volume and type of vehicle movement on the road.
3.5.4 Infrastructure facilities

Water supply system in the two compressor station sites is based on ground water. Shallow and Deep
Tube Wells are used for abstraction of ground water.
There is no municipal sewerage system in those sites. Only septic methods are used for domestic
sewages.
3.5.5 Power supply system

The two sites of compressor station are located near existing power distribution lines of local power
distribution and supply authorities. Already power is used in existing stations of GTCL at Ashuganj
and Elenga site. So existing power supply system can be used with due permission from respective
authority for proposed compressor stations.
3.6 Social and Cultural Resources
Baseline social environment involves present demographic and socio-economic status, educational
and cultural properties of the area, area vulnerabilities and development activities. Demographic and
socio-economic status refer to a wide variety of parameters. This study particularly refers to
population, community structures, employment and labor market, income and expenditure patterns of
households, public health, education, vulnerabilities, values and customs.
Baseline social environment of the two sites is described below:
3.6.1 Ashuganj Compressor Station

The proposed AshuganjCompressor Station is located at Char Chartala in Ashuganj Upazila under the
district of Brahmanbaria. The Upazila is bounded on the north by Sarail Upazila, on the east and south
by Brahmanbaria sadar Upazila and on the west by the river Meghna.
The Charchartala village is 6.36 Km2 in area. The proposed compressor station site is just near the
ZIA Fertilizer Factory.
Population
Total population of the mauza is 23,555, according to 2001 census. The distribution of population
with number and size of households, literacy rate and sex ratio is given below:
Mauza Population House holds Literacy Rate Sex

Ratio
M F T No.
Size M F Total
(Number)
Char Chartala 12484 11071 23555 4061 5.8 51.1 48.77 49.93 113:100
Source: Population Census-2001, Community Series, Zila: Brahmanbaria, BBS
Community structures
The community structure of the location of Charchartala site is predominantly featured as semi-urban,
if the structure is defined to be constituted by source of income and main occupation of majority of
37
the community. The majority of dwelling households (54%) depend on business, construction,
services and foreign remittance, while non-agricultural labor and agricultural labor involve 6.8%. But
a reasonable percentage of households (38.6%) own agricultural lands.
Employment and labor market
The major sources of income of the households under the project area are service (42.2%), business
(18.5%), industry (5.1%), agricultural labor (4.6%), transport (3.9%), agriculture/forestry/livestock
(3.1%), and remittance (2.1%). About 32% of the population in the project area, however, are not
working and 3.5% looking for work. A remarkable portion (26.4%) engage with household work. A
reasonable percentage of households (41.1%) own agricultural lands, although only 3.1% mainly
depends on agriculture.
As for labor market, hotel and restaurants, business, services, construction, water, electricity and gas
sectors are growing with modest demand for labor. Agricultural demand for labor is relatively
increasing at a lower rate, because of a negative attitude to such labor in an urbanizing context of the
society.
Income and expenditure patterns of households
Main source of income of the majority of earners is non-agricultural occupation. The village is
situated just by the side of the National highway, quite near to Ashuganj town. So, pattern of
consumption is semi-urban. Average household size is 5.8, high in comparison to average national
size. Their main sources of income are business and household work. Expenditure pattern, as reported
by the local people, is increasing due to more propensity to consume urban services and goods. Very
limited households have large income and their expenditure pattern is also high.
Drinking water, Housing and sanitation
Most of the households (78%) have kacha house while 10% have semi pucca and about 9% have
pucca houses in the village. Remaining 3% have Jhupri houses having the lowest or no safety of
living. All such 97% households have tube well as the source of drinking water. About 66%
households have sanitary and 29% have unhygienic latrine facilities, and the remaining 5% have
none. This reflects a not so good situation of health and hygiene for the dwelling households. About
77% households enjoy electricity power for consumption.
Education
Around 47% of population of the village constitute the school going age population (5 24 years).
Out of that, 55% attend schools. Female attendance is more than male ones, as per 2001 statistics of
BBS.
Religion and Cultural Diversity
People from different types of religion live in the project area. Most of the people are Muslim (97.6%)
and the remaining are Hindu (2.2%) and Buddhist (0.1%). There is no other religious and tribal people
in the area.
3.6.2 Elenga Compressor Station

The proposed Elenga Compressor Station is located at Elenga mauza of Elenga Union and Rajabari of
Bangra Union within Kalihati Upazila under Tangail district. Kalihati is the 3rd largest Upazila in
Tangail district in respect of population. The Upazila is bounded on the north by Ghatail and Bhuapur
38
Upazila, on the east by Shakhipur Upazila, on the south by Tangail Sadar Upazila and on the west by
Sirajganj sadar and Belkuchi Upazila of Sirajganj district.
Elenga village is only 1.38 Km2 in area. The station site is just near the Bangladesh National Highway
# 7. The Jamuna bridge is just adjacent to the site.
Population
Total population of the village is 6514 according to 2001 census. The distribution of population with
number and size of households, literacy rate and sex ratio is given below:
Mauza Population House holds Literacy Rate Sex Ratio

M F T No. Size M F
Elenga+Rajabari 3405 3109 6514 1448 4.5 57.46 42.14 106:100
Source: Population Census-2001, Community Series, Zila-Tangail, BBS
Community structures
The community structure of the location of Elenga site is predominantly featured as non- agricultural,
if the structure is defined to be constituted by source of income and main occupation of majority of
the community. The majority of households of Elenga (54%) depend on business and services, while
non-agricultural labor, construction and agricultural labor involve 7.8%, 7.2% and 6.7% respectively.
But a reasonable percentage of households (38.1%) own agricultural lands. Besides, about half
(48.4%) of the households of Rajabari is occupied in business, service and transport related work,
though a good percentage (60%) of them are owning agriculture land for cultivation.
Employment and labor market
Typical of Kalihati Upazila of Tangail district, Elenga village has about 20% of its population below
10 years of age. On average, 34% population of active age bracket are not working while 27% are
engaged in household works. The remaining 39% people of active age bracket are effectively
employed.
As for labor market, hotel and restaurants, business, services, construction, water, electricity and gas
sectors are growing with modest demand for labor. Agricultural demand for labor is relatively
increasing at a lower rate, because of a negative attitude to such labor in an urbanizing context of the
society.
Income and expenditure patterns of households
Main source of income of the majority of earners is non-agricultural occupation. The village is
situated just by the side of the highway and quite near to Tangail district town. So, pattern of
consumption is semi-urban. Majority of households have 4 members each and main source of income
is business. Expenditure pattern, as reported by the local people, is inclining towards higher figures
due to more propensity to consume urban services and goods. Very limited households have large
income and their expenditure pattern is also high.
Drinking water, Housing and sanitation
Tube well water is the main source of drinking water of the study area. About 92% households of
Elenga and 97% of Rajabari are using tube well water for drinking purpose. Tap, well, and pond are
the other source of drinking water. About 68% households of the study mouzas enjoy electricity
39
power for consumption. About 68% households of Elenga and 69% of Rajabari have sanitary latrines.
This reflects a good situation of health and hygiene for the dwelling households.
Most of the people are Muslim (71.5%) and the remaining are Hindu (28.5%). There is no other
religious and tribal people in the area.
Education
Around 39% of population of the village constitute the school going age population (5 24 years).
Out of that, 53% attend schools where male and female distribution is about 50:50.
Religion and Cultural Diversity
Most of the people are Muslim (71.5%) and the remaining are Hindu (28.5%). There is no other
religious and tribal people in the area.
40
Chapter 4
Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts
4.1 Introduction
Under the present scope and sphare of the present IEE study, impacts to various IECs during the pre-
construction, construction and post-construction have been identified qualitatively. Quantitative
impact analysis needs more time and in depth analysis of data based on structured and more detail
primary data and secondary information collection. The potential environmental impacts were
identified and the respective measures are described in the table given below.
4.2 Environmental Impacts
4.2.1 Water, air and noise

Since the water, air and noise quality has not been tested at the sites, impact analysis for these
components has not been carried out with extensive evaluation of quantitative and qualitative aspects
in the IEE stage. The impact assessment for the water, air and noise quality of the proposed sites,
based on the initial field visit, has been presented in the following sections.
Ashuganj site
This site is now in fully urbanized and industrial area having air pollution due to industrial and urban
activities. However more air and noise pollution will be created during and post construction. The
water quality will be impacted during and post construction if wastes are dumped without proper
management and treatment. Similarly ground water potential will also be impacted.
Elanga site
Presently this site is a semi urbanized area having noise pollution due to massive movement of
vehicles to Northern zone from eastern zone and vice versa and more air and noise pollution will be
created during construction. The water quality will be impacted during post construction if wastes are
dumped without proper management and treatment. Similarly ground water potential will also be
impacted. Water logging problem may be created due to improper drainage surrounding to this site
under present land use if proper drainage system is not constructed.
4.2.2 Land use

Ashuganj station
At present the study area is under grassland. But all this grassland after the completion of the project
will be changed for the location of buildings, sheds, and compressor establishments.
Elenga Station
Present land is remaining fallow which has been developed for accommodating the Compressor
establishments, Office buildings and sheds etc.
41
4.2.3 Soil pollution

Ashuganj station
The soils and ground water of the project site may be contaminated with the solid and liquid wastages
of the Compressor machineries.
Elanga station
The liquid and solid wastes as produced by the compressor machineries not only pollute the soils of
the project site but also pollute the soils of the adjacent agricultural lands.
4.2.4 Crop production

Ashuganj station
At present, there is no agriculture production. So there is no impact on this IEC.
Elanga station
At present, there is no agriculture production. So there is no impact on this IEC.
4.2.5 Terrestrial Ecosystems

Ashuganj Station
Impact of terrestrial ecosystem is expected to minimum as the construction site is already been
developed long ago for this purpose. The site possesses no important vegetation cover and hence no
significant wildlife inhibiting the spot. Nearest homestead is about 100 m from the site and therefore,
no serious impact is expected on its vegetation and wildlife communities. Minor impact is expected
for local wildlife especially avi-fauna due to noise and increased human activities.
Elenga Station
developed for this purpose. The site itself possesses no vegetation cover as it is already prepared for
the construction and hence no wildlife inhibiting the spot. Impact on adjoining homestead garden
based ecosystem might be important as the project site is bounded by homestead gardens in the south
and east.
4.2.6 Aquatic ecosystem

Ashuganj station
There would be no significant impact on wetland ecosystem, as the project is not expected to
discharge pollutants in the river system or nearby wetlands. Minor impact might be associated with
the construction of landing stage and connecting roads during the construction phase of the work.
Elenga site
There would be no significant impact on wetland ecosystem. As the project is not expected to
42
4.2.7 Interference with the existing infrastructures

Ashuganj C/S
The existing underground cables, SCADA cables, utilities and pipelines in the Ashuganj site may be
affected by the project activities during construction period.
Elenga C/S
The existing underground cables, SCADA cables and pipelines in the Elenga site may be affected by
the project activities during construction period.
4.2.8 Radioactive wastes

Radioactive materials that may be encountered at a site can emit three types of harmful radiation:
alpha particles (), beta particles (), and gamma waves (). All three forms harm living organisms by
imparting energy which ionizes molecules in the cells. Hence, the three are referred to as ionizing
radiation. Ionization may upset the normal cellular function causing cell dysfunction or death.
Alpha particles are hazardous primarily when introduced internally through ingestion or inhalation to
the body. Various types of alpha emitters can be damaging to the structure of the bone and
concentrate in various body organs such as the liver, lungs and spleen. Since they transfer so much
energy in a short distance, their ionization potential is very high making an Alpha emitter the most
dangerous of the naturally occurring RADMAT.
Beta particles can penetrate the outer layer of the epidermis from 0.1 to 0.5 inches in depth. Skin
burns may result from excessive doses of beta radiation. Beta emitters are hazardous when introduced
internally to the body.
Gamma radiation is wave-like and commonly results in deep penetration of body tissue. Gamma
waves pass through all materials to some degree. Clothing, including protective gear, will not prevent
gamma radiation from interacting with body tissues. The result is severe damage to the skin and
internal body organs. The gamma waves can travel over 7,000 centimetres in air.
4.2.9 Pipeline on Jamuna Bridge

Due to the increased pressure in the pipeline produced by Elenga C/S, the pipeline on Jamuna bridge
connecting east and west zone may be affected. So this issue should be taken care off in designing the
C/S at Elenga.
4.2.10 Accidental gas leakage and explosion
Possiblity of accidental gas leakage and explosion is verry common hazards in compressor station
where high pressure system is involved. Accident might be occurred at any pressure vaults and parts
that might cause huge damage to environment and surrounding properties.
43
Environmental Management Plan
Chapter 5
Environmental Management Plan for Installation of Compressor
Stations at Ashuganj & Elenga
The environmental management plan (EMP) is the end-product of the IEE study and should be
integrated into the project design for sustainable development of the project. Integration of the EMP
into the project design would minimize the effect of the negative impacts and increase the benefits of
the positive impacts in addition to creating an opportunity of monitoring changes taking place in the
environmental and social components at the pre-construction, construction and post-construction
phases. The benefit of the IEE study would not be derived and would remain a theoretical exercise if
the EMP is not integrated into the project design.
The environmental management plan (EMP) include the following:
i) Mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the effect of the negative impacts;
ii) Enhancement measures aimed at increasing the benefits of the positive impacts;
iii) Compensation measures required for paying compensation for negative impacts which
can not be mitigated;
iv) Contingency measures required for taking care of accidental events; and
v) Environmental monitoring plan for detecting changes taking place due to the proposed
interventions at Ashuganj and Elenga.
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared wherein mitigation measures for
minimizing the effect of negative impacts and enhancement measures for increasing the benefits of
the positive impacts have been suggested in Tables 5.1 and 5.2.
Table 5.1: Mitigation/enhancement measures for impacts at Ashuganj site
Impact Mitigation/Enhancement measures Responsible

Agencies
A. Pre-construction Phase
Labor employment Employment of local laborers should be prioritized. GTCL & EPC
contractor
Encroachment of public/private Compensation for crop loss and damage to properties GTCL and EPC
properties during mobilization contractor
Underground cables and pipelines Designing of compressor station should be compatible GTCL and EPC
in the Ashuganj C/S sites with the existing infrastructures contractor
B. Construction Phase
Air pollution x Water spraying during construction works to GTCL and EPC
control the dust. contractor
Noise pollution x Compressor station shall be sufficiently covered GTCL and EPC
using sound and noise absorbing materials to contractor
absorb sound, noise and vibration.
45

Agencies
x All stationary noise generating equipment shall be
enclosed.
x Boundary wall with sufficient height (8-10 ft) shall
be constructed.
Soil pollution x Solid and liquid waste shall not be spread over A surveillance
the project site. team formed by
x Oil Storage area should be paved with the catch implementing
drain with line pit. agency (GTCL)
and EPC
x Any spillage on the ground should be scraped and
contractor
stored in a container for safe disposal.
x Finally the spillage should be burried in a pit
lined with geo-composite and HDPE liner.
Encroachment/ Obstruction to To compensate for the loss of crops or properties to GTCL
existing public and private land and the owners of land and structures to prepare the right
properties of way from river point to the site
Labor employment Employment of local laborers should be prioritized. GTCL and EPC
contractor
Encroachment/ Obstruction to Provide alternative access road to the highway for the GTCL
existing public passage to highway nearby inhabitants.
Underground cables and pipelines Avoid or rearrange the underground cables and GTCL and EPC
in the Ashuganj C/S sites pipelines during construction. contractor
Emitting radioactive material [X- x Radioactive source/materials will be used during GTCL and EPC
rays and gamma waves (J)] NDT (Non Destructive Testing) operations of contractor
welding joints.
x NDT operation should be performed in a
controlled and restricted area with proper
notification and safety pre-cautions.
x The workers must wear the proper Pb shielding
for protecting X-ray. Shielding includes Pb
apron, Pb grooves etc. Experienced technicians in
a controlled setting also helps to minimize the
emission of X-rays.
x Common materials which are used to shield
against Gamma Rays (J) are usually steel or lead.
x Rules and Regulation of Atomic Energy
Commission of Bangladesh should be followed.
46

Agencies
Health and Safety of workers and x Necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) GTCL and EPC
surrounding people: must be used by the personnel working inside the contractor
station as measure of safety.
x Fire fighting equipment including fire hydrant
should be kept in the project site.
x The workers should be trained in health, safety
and environment (HSE).
x Proper manpower scheduling is required to
ensure health & safety of workers.
x Building awareness for surrounding people about
the project activities, probable impacts and
mitigation measures.
x Proper sanitation facilities must be maintained
inside the plant area and as well as inside the
workers colony.
Accidental fire and gas leakage x Safety monitoring system including highly GTCL and EPC
during commissioning the station reliable gas detectors to monitor leaks and the contractor
lower explosive limit.
x Install triple redundant fire and gas detection
system including alarms and automated shutdown
at all the pressure controlling vault
x Depressurization system for entire plant
C. Post Construction Phase
Air pollution Emission from compressor station (NOx, CO & PM) GTCL and EPC
should comply with the DoE standard. contractor
Noise pollution x Noise level of the compressor station including GTCL and EPC
metering runs should be maintained as per DoE contractor
standard.
x The people who are living in the existing building
adjacent to the metering runs presently in
operation in the premises of Ashuganj Gas
Manifold Staion should be relocated to safe
distance and the building may be used as store
house
Or,
The existing metering runs should be abandoned
after installation of new metering runs under
Ashuganj Compressor Station facilities.
Surface water quality may x Sewage from plant and residential area should be GTCL and EPC
deteriorate due to sewage/ liquid kept in septic tank. No sewage should be dumped contractor
waste disposal to Meghna river in the river or flood plain lands.
near Ashuganj site only x Liquid waste and engine oils should be kept in
tanks / drums to avoid contamination with water
and soil.
d EPC
47

Agencies
drain with line pit. agency and EPC
x Any spillage on the ground should be scraped and contractor
x Finally the spillage should be burried in a pit
surrounding people. must be used by the personnel working inside the contractor
workers colony.
Accidental gas leakage and x Safety monitoring system including highly GTCL and EPC
explosion reliable gas detectors to monitor leaks and the contractor
x Triple redundant fire and gas detection system
including alarms and automated shutdown at all
the pressure controlling vault should be installed
with depressurization system for entire plant
x Computerized remote monitoring of the pressure
system for entire plant
Table 5.2: Mitigation measures for impacts at Elenga site
Responsible
Impact Mitigation measures
Agencies
A. Pre-Construction Phase
Labor employment Employment of local laborers should be prioritized. GTCL & EPC
contractor
Encroachment of public/private Compensation for crop loss and damage to properties GTCL and EPC
properties during mobilization contractor
Underground cables and pipelines Designing of compressor station should be GTCL and EPC
in the Elenga C/S sites compatible with the existing infrastructures contractor
48
Responsible
Agencies
Existing pipeline on Bangabandhu x During designing the Elenga compressor station, GTCL and EPC
Bridge (Jamuna Bridge) assessment (hydraulic uriedg, vibration contractor
analysis etc.) shall be performed for the impact
on existing pipeline (30 dia) on Bangabandhu
Bridge (Jamuna Bridge) for increased pressure
after installation of compressor station.
x HAZOP study should be carried out.
B. Construction Phase
Air pollution x Water spraying during construction works to GTCL and EPC
control the dust. contractor
Noise pollution x Compressor station shall be sufficiently covered GTCL and EPC
using sound and noise absorbing materials to contractor
absorb sound, noise and vibration.
x All stationary noise generating equipment shall be
enclosed.
x Boundary wall with sufficient height (8-10 ft)
shall be constructed.
drain with line pit. agency (GTCL)
and EPC
x Any spillage on the ground should be scraped
contractor
and stored in a container for safe disposal.
x Finally the spillage should be uried in a pit
Crop damage Excavated earth material should not be dumped over EPC contractor
the adjacent agricultural land
Labor employment Employment of local laborers should be prioritized. GTCL and EPC
contractor
Underground cables and pipelines Avoid or rearrange the underground cables and GTCL and EPC
in the Elenga C/S sites pipelines during construction. contractor
Emitting radioactive material [X- x Radioactive source/materials will be used during GTCL and EPC
rays and gamma waves (J)] NDT (Non Destructive Testing) operations of contractor
welding joints.
x NDT operation should be performed in a
controlled and restricted area with proper
notification and safety pre-cautions.
x The workers must wear the proper Pb shielding
for protecting X-ray. Shielding includes Pb
apron, Pb grooves etc. Experienced technicians
in a controlled setting also helps to minimize the
emission of X-rays.
x Common materials which are used to shield
against Gamma Rays (J) are usually steel or lead.
x Rules and Regulation of Atomic Energy
Commission of Bangladesh should be followed.
49
Responsible
Agencies
workers colony.
Accidental fire and gas leakage x Safety monitoring system including highly GTCL and EPC
during commissioning the station reliable gas detectors to monitor leaks and the contractor
x Install triple redundant fire and gas detection
system including alarms and automated
shutdown at all the pressure controlling vault
x Depressurization system for entire plant
C. Post-Construction Phase
Air pollution Emission from compressor station (NOx, CO & PM) GTCL and EPC
should comply with the DoE standard. contractor
Noise pollution Noise level of the compressor station including metering GTCL and EPC
runs should be maintained as per DoE standard. contractor
Drainage of surrounding areas Pipe culvert under approach road and surface drain pipes GTCL and EPC
are to be constructed at surrounding points. contractor
Surface water quality may deteriorate x Sewage from plant and residential area should be GTCL and EPC
due to sewage/ liquid waste disposal kept in septic tank. No sewage should be dumped in contractor
to Meghna river near Ashuganj site the river or flood plain lands.
only x Liquid waste and engine oils should be kept in tanks
/ drums to avoid contamination with water and soil.
Soil pollution x Solid and liquid waste shall not be spread over the A surveillance
project site. team formed by
drain with line pit. agency and EPC
contractor
x Any spillage on the ground should be scraped and
x Finally the spillage should be burried in a pit lined
with geo-composite and HDPE liner.
50
Responsible
Agencies
x The workers should be trained in health, safety and
environment (HSE).
x Proper manpower scheduling is required to ensure
health & safety of workers.
workers colony.
Accidental gas leakage and x Safety monitoring system including highly GTCL and EPC
explosion reliable gas detectors to monitor leaks and the contractor
x Triple redundant fire and gas detection system
including alarms and automated shutdown at all
the pressure controlling vault should be installed
with depressurization system for entire plant
x Computerized remote monitoring of the pressure
system for entire plant
51
52
Chapter 6
Environmental Monitoring Plan and Institutional Requirements
6.1 Environmental Monitoring
For implementation of the proposed project and environmental management plan (EMP),
environmental monitoring is required. Specific moniroting paprameters will help to achieve the
monitoring objective and ensure environmental quality. Quality of ambient air, noise, soil, water,
waste water, ground water, drainage system and health & safety of officers & labourers involved in
the project and emplyoment of labourers etc. should be monitored periodically to ensure pollution free
environment in the project site and performance of the compressor stations.
A monitoring plan have been prepared wherein the important environmental and social components
likely to be impacted by the project interventions have been considered, especially -
- Gas emission (Parameters and frequency)
- Noise/Vibration (Parameters and frequency)
- Treatment and discharge of emissions & effluents (location, parameters and frequency)
- Control of waste materials (Quality and composition of each type of waste and frequency)
- Storage and handling of material and equipment
The monitoring plan includes suggestions on data to be collected, processed, analyzed and interpreted
to detect changes taking place in the impacted area. Location and frequency of data collection on each
indicator along with institutional arrangement of environmental monitoring have been suggested in
the monitoring plan.
The following environmental parameters should be monitored in the proposed sites during
construction and operation period.
Parameter Sampling site/ Frequency Laboratory/ Responsible
study area Method agency
Ambient air quality At each site Once in a month DOE GTCL & EPC
(SOx, NOx, SPM) during contrctor
construction and
operation period
Noise quality At the project Day and night DOE GTCL & EPC
premises, nearest time; once in a contractor
residential area month during
and 100 m away construction and
from the station operation period
Soil quality Near the waste Once a year DOE GTCL & EPC
dumping sites contractor
Water Quality Meghna river at Once a year DOE GTCL & EPC
Ashuganj and contractor
Ponds at Elenga.
53
Parameter Sampling site/ Frequency Laboratory/ Responsible

study area Method agency
Drainage of Water level
Twice in DOE GTCL & EPC
surrounding areas monitoring at
monsoon period contrctor
peripheral canals
(June -
and low lying
September)
ditches.
Ground water Ground water Once a year Observing water
GTCL & EPC
potential level level in nearby
contrctor
tubewells.
Labor employment At each station During Checking daily GTCL & EPC
construction logbook of contrctor
period workers
Health and Safety Health check-up
GTCL & EPC
of workers and At each station of workers -twice
contrctor
surrounding people a year.
(emergency Check up of
facilities and emergency
workers health) facilities - twice a
year.
Monitoring of gas Pressure vaults Continuous Automated
GTCL & EPC
leakage and monitoring
contrctor
explosive limit methods
Beside the physical testing of environmental quality, rigorous monitoring of the project
implementation should be conducted by special institutional setup.
6.2 EMP Cost Matrix
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) cost of the two compressor stations are estimated
tentatively based on the previous experiences. This is assessed for consideration during preparation of
the Development Project Proposal (DPP). However, based on the market price this assessment may be
changed at the time when it is implemented. The EMP including tentative cost has been explained in
the matrix given below.
Yearly Cost (in Taka)

Sl
Impact Measures
No
Mitigation Enhancement Compen- Monitoring
sation
A. Ashuganj site
During Construction
a. Air Water spraying 30,000
Pollution Plantation 50,000
Air quality test 50,000
54

Sl
Impact Measures
No
sation
b. Noise Noise absorbing 2,00,000
pollution materials
Noise quality test 10.000
c. Soil Container 25,000
pollution Carrying cost 50,000
Surveillance Team 25,000
d. Solid waste Dumping, 100,000
management transport/ handling
e. Sewage Pit latrins 100,000
disposal
f Gas leakage Triple redundant fire This cost should be considered in plant construction
and and gas detection
explosion system including
alarms and automated
shutdown
Post Construction
a. Water Natural treatment 1,50,000
Quality plant
Water quality test 25,000
b. Ground Ground water level 25,000
water
potential
pollution Annual Carrying 3,00,000
cost
Surveillance Team 1,20,000
d. Noise Noise absorbing 5,00,000
Pollution materials
Noise quality test 10,000
e. Solid waste Dumping, 50,000
f. Domestic Septic tank 100,000
Sewage
disposal
g.. Wildlife Plantation of local Cost for plantation is included in air-pollution reduction part
habitat tree species, if
possible more fruit
bearing trees
h Gas leakage Triple redundant fire This cost should be considered in plant construction
shutdown
Sub-Total: A 1,770,000 80,000 0 120,000
55

Sl
Impact Measures
No
sation
B. Elenga site
During Construction
a. Air Water Spraying 30,000
Pollution Plantation 50,000
Air quality test 50,000
b. Noise Noise absorbing 2,00,000

pollution materials
pollution Carrying cost 50,000
Surveillance Team 25,000
d. Solid waste Dumping, 100,000
e. Sewage Pit latrins 100,000
disposal
g Gas leakage Triple redundant fire This cost should be considered in plant construction
shutdown
Post Construction
a. Noise Noise absorbing 5,00,000
pollution materials
b. Drainage of Drainage system 2,00,000
surrounding construction work
areas
c. Water Water quality test 25,000
quality Natural treatment 1,50,000
plant
d. Ground Ground water level 25,000
water
potential
e. Soil Container 50,000
pollution Annual Carrying 3,00,000
cost
Surveillance Team 1,50,000
f. Solid waste Dumping, 50,000
g. Domestic Septic tank 100,000
Sewage
disposal
56

Sl
Impact Measures
No
sation
h. Vegetation Plantation of local Cost for plantation is included in air-pollution reduction part
cover and tree species, if
wildlife possible more fruit
habitat bearing trees
i Gas leakage Triple redundant fire This cost should be considered in plant construction
shutdown
Sub-Total: B 1,900,000 80,000 0 120,000
Total (A+B) 3,670,000 160,000 0 240,000
57
58
Chapter 7
Public Consultation and Information Disclosure
7.1 Public Consultation
The installation of the compressor stations will involve huge construction works, but no land
acquisition. People/entities living around the project area should be made aware of the project
activities so that they may take protective measures or be compensated for the loss of structures.
Peoples participation in project planning and implementation will facilitate in preparing a good plan
for the project.
According to the guidelines of ADB and DOE, peoples participation in the project planning and
implementation phases is essential to take necessary measures for any social/ political conflicts and
environmental issues. The main reason for ensuring peoples participation in project implementation
is conflict resolution and for making them aware about what is going on in their surroundings. They
need to be informed about the positive and negative impacts of the proposed project. From this point
of view, public consultation have been conducted at the proposed project sites.
A public disclosure plan has been prepared which will be followed by GTCL and CEGIS.
7.2 Methodology
Informal discussion was made with the local people and GTCL officials at Ashugonj and Elenga sites
about the proposed project (Figs. 7.1 and 7.2).
Figure 7.1: Discussion with GTCL officials at Figure 7.2: Discussion with local people of
Ashuganj site adjacent areas and GTCL officials at Elenga site
7.3 Results of Public Consultation
The following findings are observed during field visits by teams:

x People have no clear idea about the project interventions. They want clear description and
activities from the proponent;
59
Public Consultation and Information DIsclosure
x The tenants should be compensated accordingly;

x Additional precautionary measures should be taken to avoid accidents during construction and
operation of the C/S; and
x Local people should be employed during construction and operation of the C/S
7.4 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan
The study team members have collected information from affected parties and also disclosed the
overall findings to affected parties.
Local people, Local government authorities, CEGIS, GTCL Officials and ADB Official will be
engaged in the public consultation and disclosure.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Key Informant Interview (KII)
techniques will be used for information collection and disclosure at the local level. Also the summary
findings of the study will be published at GTCL and ADB websites to disclose to the national and
international level.
The feedback of all affected parties have been incorporated in the environmental management plan
(EMP).
60
Chapter 8
Findings and Recommendations
The findings and recommendations of the IEE study for the proposed compressor stations at Ashuganj
and Elenga are presented in the following sections.
8.1 Ashuganj Compressor Station
Ashuganj site, located within the compound of Ashuganj Gas manifold Station, is a fully urbanized
and industrial area. Air pollution will be created due to movement of heavy equipments during
construction phase. Regular watering of the site should be done to reduce pollution of the air by dust.
Construction activities including movement of heavy machineries will create noise pollution.
Boundary wall with sufficient height and use of sound and noise absorbing materials is recommended
to mitigate the problem of noise pollution. However, ambient air and noise quality should be tested to
find out better solution in future.
The water will be polluted during construction as well as in the post-construction phase if the solid as
well as the liquid wastes are dumped into the river. It should made mandatory that treatment plants be
established to treat liquid wastes before releasing the water into the river. Likewise solid wastes
should not be dumped into the river and treament plants should be established to ensure
environmentally sound disposal of solid wastes. The soils and ground water of the project site may be
contaminated with the solid and liquid wastages of the Compressor machineries during operation and
maintenance phase. This should be averted by preserving the contaminated wastes and treating them
before environmentally safe disposal. Furhter detail water quality analysis and investigating waste
management options will be helpful for environmental management in future.
The Ashuganj Compressor Station site site possesses no important vegetation cover and hence no
significant wildlife is inhibiting the spot. As such, there would be virtually minimum impact on the
terrestrial ecosystem. Nearest homestead is about 100 m from the site and therefore, no serious impact
is expected on its vegetation and wildlife communities. However, installation of barriers both
physically as well as biologically by developing green belt of local trees around the installations
would make the site environtally friendly for the avi-fauna.
Since the jetty of Zia fertilizer factory in Meghna river may be used for unloading of heavy
equipments, river traffic survey is required to avoid congestion or disturbance to other river crafts in
the river.
8.2 Elenga Compressor Station
Elenga site, located within the compound of GTCL and Titas Gas DRS Station, is a semi urbanized
area having noise pollution due to massive movement of vehicles to Northern zone from eastern zone
and vise versa. Construction of boundary with wall sufficient height and using sound and noise
absorbing materials in the installations would help in reducing noise pollution during construction and
post-construction phases. Dust generated during construction phase will pollute the air.
Soil and ground water will be polluted by solid as well as liquid wastes during construction and post-
construction phases. It is essential to treat such solid and liquid wastes before disposing these in an
61
Findings and Recommendations
environment friendly manner. Water logging problem may be created due to improper drainage in and
around the compressor station. Proper drainage system must be developed to remove all types of
drainage congestion. Futher detail investigation of water quality and waste management options is
required to improve the environmental management plan.
The site itself possesses no natural vegetation cover as it is already prepared for the construction and
hence no significant wildlife is inhibiting the spot. Impact on adjoining homestead garden based
ecosystem might be important as the project site is bounded by homestead gardens in the south and
east. This may be avoided by installing barriers both physically (boundary wall with sufficient
height) as well as biologically by developing green belt of local trees around the installations.
Since the Elenga staiton site is located beside very busy highway of Dhaka Tangail, a traffic survey
is requuired for planning vehicle movement from/to the site.
There would be no significant impact on wetland ecosystem. As the project is not expected to
The proposed site is under administrative control of GTCL. No crops are cultivated there. So, there is
no loss involved as project impact
62
Chapter 9
Conclusion
According to the IEE study, it is observed that the proposed compressor station project might have
temporary impacts on the environment and would be overcome with mitigation and enhancement
measures. There is no ecologically sensitive area, reserve forest, national park in the two compressor
station sites. There is no significant irreversible adverse impact. Because of the isolated nature of the
compressor stations, there would be no cumulative impact as well.
Based on the outcome of the IEE study, it is concluded that the two compressor stations will
contribute substantially to the overall development of the gas sector as well as the national economic
growth of the country with no adverse environmental and social impact.
There is no need for an EIA study and implementation of the project may go ahead considering the
findings of the IEE study as conclusive.
63
References
1. ADB, 1990. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Industrial and Power Development
Projects, Asian Development Bank (ADB).
2. ADB, 2002. Environment Policy, Asian Development Bank (ADB).
3. ADB, 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank (ADB).
4. Banglapedia: www.banglapedia.org
5. Department of Environment (DoE), 1997. EIA Guidelines for Industries, Department of
Environment (DoE), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of
Bangladesh.
6. Imam, B., 2005. Energy Resources of Bangladesh, University grants commission of
Bangladesh, Dhaka.
7. Government of Bangladesh, 1995. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995,
Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh.
8. Government of Bangladesh, 1997. Environmental Conservation Rule 1997 (Amendment
2002 and 2003), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of
Bangladesh.
9. WARPO, 2001. National Water Resources Database, Water Resources Planning
Organization (WARPO), Dhaka.
65
Appendix-A
Layout Plan of Two Compressor Stations
Appendix-B
Process Flow Diagram of Two Compressor Stations
Appendix-C
Conceptual General Arrangement of Two Compressor
Stations
Conceptual General Arrangement Drawing for Ashuganj (South & West) Compressor Station
GTCL Building NORTH

To 14-INCH VS 3 Pipeline (TP 6) SCADA Tower
GTCL existing property
Existing road
To 24-INCH B-B1 Pipeline (TP 4) To (TP 3) 30-INCH A-B line From 24-INCH (TP 1) N-S pipeline
To (TP 5) 30-INCH A-M offtake
M M M M
M 11 From (TP 2) 30-INCH A-M offtake
10 Legend:
1 Compressor Package/Equipment Unit
9 2 Inlet Scrubber
8
3 Inlet Filter Separator
2 4 Air cooler
6 5 Lube oil cooler
7
6 Liquid/waste storage tank
3 7 Fuel gas skid
13 8 Vent stack
5
9 Station isolation valves
Entrance 10 Main line bypass valve
14 11 Flow meters
12
12 Suction strainer
13 Anti surge system
Work 1 14 Cold recycle valve
shop 15 Gas Alternator
E 4
16 Fuel gas system and tank
17 Transformer
18 Instrument and utility air package
Ware
house
19 Fire water pumps and tank
20 Borehole and borehole pump
21 Water tank and purifier unit
22 Septic system
Security Fence
MCC/ Security house
18 Switch CONTROL CPE Unit Shelter
19 16 15 17 gear ROOM Office Fire Hydrant
21 1 22
20
Emergency Exit
Dwg. No. GTCL/CSP/EPC/001(Re)/D-4, Rev. 00 Not To Scale

Conceptual General Arrangement Drawing for Elenga Compressor Station
FROM DHAKA (DHAKA-TANGAIL HIGHWAY)
ENTRANCE NORTH
Legend:
1 Compressor Package/Equipment Unit
2 Inlet Scrubber
Office 3 Inlet Filter Separator
22 4 Air cooler
5 Lube oil cooler
OFFICE 6 Liquid/waste storage tank
BUILDING Elenga Scrapper Station 71 Fuel gas skid
21
(See Hook-up Drawing) 2
8 Vent stack
3
9 Station isolation valves
15 17 MCC/
18 CONTROL Inlet hook up 10
4 Main line bypass valve
Switch Work
ROOM area
gear
shop 11
5 Flow meters
TP 4 (to E-JB) 12
6 Suction strainer
16 Ware
TP 3 (to B-B) house 13
7 Anti surge system
. TP 2 (from D-E) 14
8 Cold recycle valve
TP 1 (from B-B) 19 15
9 Gas Alternator
3 2 16 Fuel gas system and tank
10
6
7 TP 5/5' (to W-Z) 11 Transformer
17
M M M
9 12 Instrument and utility air package
18
5 14
11 13 Fire water pumps and tank
19
10 14 Borehole and borehole pump
20
4 20
21
15 Water tank and purifier unit
1 24-INCH B-B Pipeline U/G 22
16 Septic system
12 13 CPE Unit Shelter
Fire Hydrant
Emergency exit
8 Security fence
Security house
Existing Facilities
DWG. No. GTCL/CSP/GA/D-3, Rev. 00, Not to Scale.

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Natural Gas Infrastructure and Efficiency Improvement Project (RRP BAN 38164)

Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Final

BAN: Natural Gas Access Improvement Project

Appendix A: Layout Plan of Two Compressor Stations

Table 2.1: Major Components of the Project ..........................................................................................9

Ashuganj Compressor Station

Elenga Compressor Station

ADB Asian Development Bank

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Objectives of the IEE study

The main objectives of the IEE study are:

1.3 Scope of Work

1.6 The IEE Study Team

1.7 Structure of the Report

2.1 Type and Category of Project

2.2 Need for project

2.3 Location of the Proejct

Figure: 2.2 Location of the compressor station at Ashuganj, Brahmanbaria

2.4 Major Components of the Project

Table 2.1: Major Components of the Project

2 Elenga Compressor Elenga, Monohordi to East Bank of 15,000 HP compressor

2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation

2.6 Overview of Gas Compressor Station

Figure 2.4: Cross section view of a centrifugal compressor

Figure 2.5: Cylinder assembly in a reciprocating compressor

2.6.1 Site description of proposed compressors stations

Figure 2.7: Elenga site for compressor station

2.6.2 Features of Proposed Compressor Stations

Table 2.2: Features and characteristics of the proposed compressor stations

2.7 Installation of Proposed Compressor Station

Figure 2.8: Layout plan of proposed Ashuganj compressor station

Figure 2.9: Layout plan of proposed Elenga compressor station

2.8.1 Pre-construction phase

2.8.2 Construction phase

a. Transportation and handling of construction materials and equipment

c. Installation of compressor equipment and auxiliaries

e. Testing and Commissioning of Equipment

2.8.3 Post-Construction/ Operation phase

2.9 Waste/emissions from the Proposed Compressor Stations

Table 2.3: Waste / emission from the proposed compressor stations

Sl. Estimated amount

Sl. Estimated amount

Total HAPs emission No specific

3.2 Physical Resources

Table 3.1: Stratigraphy of Deep Geosyncline Basin

Age Group Formation Max. thickness (m)

Figure 3.2: Cross-section of structure from Northwest to Southeast.

Figure 3.3: Seismic zones of Bangladesh. Figure 3.4: Fault lines

Table 3.2: Earthquake history

Figure 3.5: Climatic Sub-region

Figure 3.8: Mean monthly rainfall

3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality

Table 3.3: Air quality standard

3.2.4 Ambient Water Quality

Table 3.4: Standards for inland surface water

Sl. Best Practice based Parameters

Table 3.5: Season wise average surface water quality status