06names and Formulas

Chemical
Names & Formulas
Water Ammonia Methane

1
Why Systematic Names ?
# atomic particles 3 (p, n, e)
# elements 110+
# elements in 8
earths crust (99%)
# elements in all 25
living things
# compounds >14,000,000 2
Why Systematic Names ?
Water H2O
Lime CaO
Lye NaOH
Potash K2CO3
Table Salt NaCl
Laughing Gas N2O
Baking Soda NaHCO3 3
Atoms and Ions
Atom:
neutral
no net charge
+ -
(# p = # e )
e.g. Na 11 p+and 11 e -
+
Cl 17 p and 17 e -
4
e -
e -
Atoms and Ions - e -
Ion: e
e-
atom (or group of atoms)
has + or charge
has more or less e -
-
only the # of e changes
+ +
e.g. Na 11 p and 10 e -
- +
Cl 17 p and 18 e -
5
Atoms and Ions
Na vs. Na +
Very
and different
Cl vs. Cl -
Demo: Fe vs. Fe+3

6
Ions
Positive charge: cation
Na + Ca 2+ Al 3+
These atoms lost electrons
Negative charge: anion
Cl - O2 - SO4 2-
These atoms gained electrons 7
Compounds
Substances composed of 2
or more different atoms
HCl NaCl CO2
8
Chemical Formulas
Shows the kinds and
numbers of each type of atom
in a chemical compound.
Water = H2O
two atoms of H one atom of O

9
Compounds
Molecular Ionic
Atoms Ions held
bonded together by +
as a unit and - charges
nonmetals metal + nonmetal
e.g. H2O e.g. NaCl
10
Charges NOT shown
Molecular &
Ionic Compounds
11
1. Molecular Formulas
Molecules are represented by
molecular formulas: discrete
units of bonded nonmetals.
e.g H2O & CO2
O covalent
bond
H H
structural formula for water 12
Naming Molecular
Compounds
(bonded nonmetal atoms)
st nd
prefix-1 atom-prefix-2 atom-ide
number
N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide
13
Number Prefix
1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa Note: dont
7 Hepta use mono for
8 Octa
the first atom.
9 Nona
10 Deca 14
Try It
CO2 N2 O
PCl3 SF6
SO3 N2O4
Dangerous
H2O chemical 15
Ionic Formulas
Ionic compound is represented
by a formula unit, the lowest
ratio of atoms in the compound.
NaCl
ionic bond
Na + and Cl- 16
Naming Ionic Compounds
(positive metal ion +
negative nonmetal ion)
First must
learn ion
names and
charges!
17
Monatomic Ions
(single atom ions)
Metals form cations (+)
-
Mg loses two e to form Mg +2
Nonmetals form anions (-)

The name ends in ide
-
Cl gains one e to form Cl -
Charge from Periodic Table 18

Common Monatomic Ions
+1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Li+ Be2+ N 3- O2- F-
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S 2- Cl-
K+ Ca 2+ As 3- Se2- Br-
Rb + Ba 2+ I -
end in --ide 19
Monatomic Ions: Try It!!!
When the following elements
become ions, state:
ion name
charge
-
number of e lost or gained
Ca P K
S Br Al 20
Monatomic Ions:
Some metals can form
two different types of ions.
Iron: Fe+2 and Fe+3
Copper: Cu +1 and Cu+2
See Periodic Table for charges.

21
Multiple Charges: Names
Stock System:
atom (charge)
Fe 2+ is Iron(II) ion
Fe3+ is Iron(III) ion
22
Multiple Charges: Names
Classical System:
Latin name ending in
ous for lower charge
ic for the higher charge
Fe 2+ is Ferrous ion
Fe 3+ is Ferric ion 23
Others
Ion Stock Classic
Cu + Copper(I) Cuprous
Cu 2+ Copper(II) Cupric
Pb 2+ Lead(II) Plumbous
Pb 4+ Lead(IV) Plumbic
Sn 2+ Tin(II) Stannous
Sn 4+ Tin(IV) Stannic 24
Polyatomic Ions
Some atoms group together
as a unit to form an ion.
-
NO3-
25
Polyatomic Ion: Charged
group of atoms acting as a unit
- PO4 3-
NO3
nitrate ion phosphate ion
SO4 2- NH4 +
sulfate ion ammonium ion 26

Regents Table E
Note ite & ate pairs
--ite --ate
2- sulfate: SO42-
sulfite: SO3
nitrite: NO2- -
nitrate: NO3
chlorite: ClO2- chlorate: ClO3-
Be able to recognize them !!! 27

Ionic Formulas
Name: cation then anion name
Potassium chloride
K + Cl -
KCl
Charges must balance
But dont write charges! 28
Ionic Formulas
Calcium bromide
Ca 2+ Br -
CaBr2 (balance charge)

Copper(I) sulfate
Cu + SO4 2-
Cu2SO4 29
Shortcut Criss Cross
Copper(I) sulfate
Cu+ SO42-
Cu2(SO4)1 = Cu2SO4
Need to recognize polyatomic ions
30
Calcium sulfide
Ca S2+ 2-
Ca2S2 = CaS (reduce)

31
Iron(III) Carbonate
3+
Fe CO3 2-
(brackets needed
Fe2(CO3)3 for polyatomic ion
with subscript)
32
Name or Give the Formula
of That Compound!!!
Silver chloride
CuBr2
Ammonium bromide
Mg3(PO4)2
Calcium chromate 33
Try Some More!!
N2O5
PCl3
AlCl3
Sodium hydrogen sulfate
SnO2
34
General Properties
Molecular Compounds
Weak intermolecular forces
(molecular attractions)
Low melting & boiling points
Ionic Compounds
Strong ionic attractions
High melting & boiling points
35
Naming Acids
Acids are a special class of
+
compounds with H as the cation.
Example:
+
H with Cl -
HCl(aq)
where (aq) = dissolved in water 36
Naming Acids
Acids are named
according to the anion.
1. If the anion ends in ide,
the acid is hydro----ic acid.
-
Cl is chloride
HCl(aq) is hydrochloric acid
37
Naming Acids
2. If the anion ends in ite,

the acid is ----ous acid.
2 -
SO3 is sulfite
H2SO3(aq) is sulfurous acid
38
Naming Acids
3. If the anion ends in ate,

the acid is ic acid.
-
NO3 is nitrate
HNO3(aq) is nitric acid
39
Naming Acids: Try It
Name
HCN(aq)
HClO4(aq)
HClO(aq)
HCl(aq)
40
Naming Acids: Try It
Write the formula for:
carbonic acid
nitrous acid
Regents Table K
41
Summary:
Names & Formulas
Atoms vs. ions
Na Na+
Compounds:
-molecular (nonmetals)
-ionic (metal + nonmetal)
cation(+) anion(-) 42
Summary:
Names & Formulas
Molecular compound:
-prefix-atom-prefix-atom-ide
N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide
43
Summary:
Ionic compounds
-know names & charges
monatomic ions (PeriodicTable)
transition metals
-stock system: iron(II)
polyatomic ions: NO3 -
compound name: cation+anion
44
45
Warm-up
How many p+ and e- in Ca and Ca+2?
Is Ca+2 and anion or cation?
What are the two general types of
compounds?
How do you recognize each?
46
Warm-up
Name NO2 and N2F4
47
Warm-up
Give the symbol and the name of the ion

that each element forms:
Mg Al P Br
How do you know NH4NO3 is ionic even
though it has only nonmetal atoms?
48
Warm-up
1. Fill in the table:

Molecular Ionic
Types of atoms
Name of formula
Name of bond
2. Name N2O and Al2(SO4)3. 49

Name or give formula:
gold(I) sulfate S2Cl5
barium phosphide Fe3(PO4)2
calcium hydrogen carbonate
50
Warm-up
Write the formula unit for
sodium sulfate.
Why cant this formula be
reduced?
51
Name or give formula:
NH4+ magnesium nitride
S-2 calcium sulfate
SO3-2 aluminum hydrogen sulfate
NaCN barium phosphate
SnO FeC2O4
PBr3 N2O
SO3 Au2SO4
OH-
52
Warm-up
Name or write formula:
H2SO3
Hydroiodic acid
N2S4
FeSO3
53
Warm-up
Name or write formula:
lead(IV) carbonate
barium nitride
CO
SnS2
sulfurous acid
54

06names and Formulas

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

06names and Formulas

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

06names and Formulas

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemical

Names & Formulas

Water Ammonia Methane

Demo: Fe vs. Fe+3

two atoms of H one atom of O

Nonmetals form anions (-)

Charge from Periodic Table 18

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S 2- Cl-

Copper: Cu +1 and Cu+2

See Periodic Table for charges.

nitrate ion phosphate ion

sulfate ion ammonium ion 26

Be able to recognize them !!! 27

CaBr2 (balance charge)

Ca2S2 = CaS (reduce)

2. If the anion ends in ite,

3. If the anion ends in ate,

N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide

Name NO2 and N2F4

Give the symbol and the name of the ion

1. Fill in the table:

2. Name N2O and Al2(SO4)3. 49

You might also like