10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic

Programming Constructs

Lab: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Exercise 1: Calculating Square Roots with Improved Accuracy

Task 1: Create a new WPF application project.

1. Open Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.

Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, and
then click Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.

2. Create a new project named, SquareRoots, in the

D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex1\Starter folder, by using the WPF Application project
template.

a. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, click New Project.

b. In the New Project dialog box, in the left pane, expand Visual Basic, and
then click Windows.

c. In the Templates pane, click WPF Application.

d. Specify the following values for each of the properties in the dialog box,
and then click OK:

Name: SquareRoots

Location: D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex1\Starter

Solution name: SquareRoots

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Create directory for solution: Select the check box.

Task 2: Create the user interface.

1. Add a TextBox, a Button, and two Label controls to the MainWindow window.
Place them anywhere in the window.

a. Open the Toolbox.

b. Expand the Common WPF Controls section of the Toolbox, if it is not

already open.

c. Double-click the TextBox control.

d. Open the Toolbox.

e. Double-click the Button control.

f. Open the Toolbox.

g. Double-click the Label control.

h. Open the Toolbox.

i. Double-click the Label control.

2. Using the Properties window, set the properties of each control by using the
values in the following table. Leave any other properties at their default values.

Control Property Name Property Value

Type

TextBox Name InputTextBox

Height 28

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 12,12,0,0

Text 0.00

VerticalAlignment Top

Width 398

Button Name CalculateButton

Content Calculate

Height 23

HorizontalAlignment Right

Margin 0,11,12,0

VerticalAlignment Top

Width 75

Label Name FrameworkLabel

Content 0.00 (Using .NET Framework)

Height 28

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 12,41,0,0

VerticalAlignment Top

Width 479

Label Name NewtonLabel

Content 0.00 (Using Newton)

Height 28

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 12,75,0,0

VerticalAlignment Top
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Width 479

a. In the MainWindow window, click the TextBox control.

b. In the Properties window, click the text, textBox1, adjacent to the TextBox
prompt, and then change the name to InputTextBox.

c. In the list of properties in the Properties window, locate the Height property,
and then change it to 28.

d. Repeat this process for the remaining properties of the TextBox control.

e. In the MainWindow window, click the Button control.

f. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d, to set the specified properties

for this control.

g. In the MainWindow window, click one of the Label controls.

h. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d, to set the specified properties

for this control.

i. In the MainWindow window, click the other Label control.

j. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d, to set the specified properties

for this control.

The MainWindow window should look like the following image.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Task 3: Calculate square roots by using the Math.Sqrt method of the .NET
Framework.

1. Create an event handler for the Click event of the button:

a. In the MainWindow window, click the Button control.

b. In the Properties window, click the Events tab.

c. In the list of events, double-click the Click event.

2. In the CalculateButton_Click method, add code to read the data that the user
enters in the InputTextBox control, and then convert it into a Double. Store the
double value in a variable named, numberDouble. Use the TryParse method of
the Double type to perform the conversion. If the text that the user enters is not
valid, display a message box with the text, "Please enter a double.", and then
execute a Return statement to exit the method.

Note: You can display a message in a message box by using the

MessageBox.Show method.
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Add the code in the following code example to the CalculateButton_Click

method.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
' Get a double from the TextBox
Dim numberDouble As Double

If Not Double.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, numberDouble)

Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a double")

Return
End IfEnd Sub

3. Check that the value that the user enters is a positive number. If it is not, display
a message box with the text, "Please enter a positive number.", and then return
from the method.

Append the statements in the following code example to the

CalculateButton_Click method, after the code that you added in the previous
step.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

CalculateButton.Click
...
' Check that the user has entered a positive
number
If numberDouble <= 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a positive
number")

Return
End IfEnd Sub

4. Calculate the square root of the value in the numberDouble variable by using
the Math.Sqrt method. Store the result in a double variable named,
squareRoot.

Append the statements in the following code example to the

CalculateButton_Click method, after the code that you added in the previous
step.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles
CalculateButton.Click
...
' Use the .NET Framework Math.Sqrt method
Dim squareRoot As Double =
Math.Sqrt(numberDouble)End Sub

5. Format the value in the squareRoot variable by using the layout shown in the
following code example, and then display it in the FrameWorkLabel Label
control.
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

99.999 (Using the .NET Framework)

Use the String.Format method to format the result. Set the Content property of
a Label control to display the formatted result.

Append the statements in the following code example to the

CalculateButton_Click method, after the code that you added in the previous
step.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles
CalculateButton.Click
...
' Format the result and display it
FrameworkLabel.Content = String.Format("{0}
(Using the .NET Framework)",
squareRoot)

End Sub

At this point, your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
' Get a double from the TextBox
Dim numberDouble As Double

If Not Double.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, numberDouble)

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a double")

Return
End If

' Check that the user has entered a positive number

If numberDouble <= 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a positive number")

Return
End If

' Use the .NET Framework Math.Sqrt method

Dim squareRoot As Double = Math.Sqrt(numberDouble)

' Format the result and display it

FrameworkLabel.Content = String.Format("{0} (Using the
.NET Framework)",
squareRoot)
End Sub

6. Build and run the application to test your code. Use the test values that are
shown in the following table, and then verify that the correct square roots are
calculated and displayed (ignore the "Using Newton" label for the purposes of
this test).

Test value Expected result

25 5

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

625 25

0.00000001 0.0001

10 Message box appears with the message "Please enter a positive number."

Fred Message box appears with the message "Please enter a double."

10 3.16227766016838

8.8 2.96647939483827

2.0 1.4142135623731

2 1.4142135623731

a. Press Ctrl+F5.

b. Enter the first value in the Test value column in the table in the TextBox control,
and then click Calculate.

c. Verify that the result matches the text in the Expected result column.

d. Repeat steps b and c for each row in the table.

7. Close the application and return to Visual Studio.

Task 4: Calculate square roots by using Newton's method.

1. In the CalculateButton_Click method, after the code that you added in the
previous task, create a decimal variable named, numberDecimal. Initialize this
variable with the data that the user enters in the InputTextBox control, but
convert it into a Decimal this time (previously, you read it as a Double). If the
text that the user enters is not valid, display a message box with the text, "Please
enter a decimal.", and then run a Return statement to exit the method.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Append the code in the following code example to the end of the
CalculateButton_Click method.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles
CalculateButton.Click
...
' Newton's method for calculating square roots

' Get user input as a decimal

Dim numberDecimal As Decimal

If Not Decimal.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text,
numberDecimal) Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a decimal")

Return
End IfEnd Sub

Note: This step is necessary because the Decimal and Double types
have different ranges. A

number that the user enters that is a valid Double might be out of range for the
Decimal type.

2. Declare a decimal variable named, delta, and initialize it to the value of the
expression, Math.Pow(10, 28). This is the smallest value that the Decimal type
supports, and you will use this value to determine when the answer that is
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

generated by using Newton's method is sufficiently accurate. When the

difference between two successive estimates is less than this value, you will stop.

Note: The Math.Pow method returns a double. You will need to use the
Convert.ToDecimal method to convert this value to a decimal before
you assign it to the delta variable.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
...
' Specify 10 to the power of -28 as the minimum delta
between
' estimates. This is the minimum range supported by the
decimal
' type. When the difference between 2 estimates is less
than this
' value, then stop.
Dim delta As Decimal = Convert.ToDecimal(Math.Pow(10,
-28))End Sub

3. Declare another Decimal variable named, guess, and initialize it with the initial
guess at the square root. This initial guess should be the result of dividing the
value in numberDecimal by 2.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
...
' Take an initial guess at an answer to get started
Dim guess As Decimal = numberDecimal / 2End Sub

4. Declare another decimal variable named, result. You will use this variable to
generate values for each iteration of the algorithm, based on the value from the
previous iteration. Initialize the result variable to the value for the first iteration
by using the expression, ((numberDecimal / guess) + guess) / 2.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
...
' Estimate result for the first iteration
Dim result as Decimal = ((numberDecimal / guess) +
guess / 2)End Sub

5. Add a While loop to generate further refined guesses. The body of the While
loop should assign result to guess, and generate a new value for result by
using the expression, ((numberDecimal / guess) + guess) / 2. The While loop
should terminate when the difference between result and guess is less than or
equal to delta.

Note: Use the Math.Abs method to calculate the absolute value of the
difference between result and guess. Using Newton's algorithm, it is

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

possible for the difference between the two variables to alternate between
positive and negative values as it diminishes. Consequently, if you do not
use the Math.Abs method, the algorithm might terminate early with an
inaccurate result.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
...

' While the difference between values for each current

iteration
' is not less than delta, then perform another
iteration to
' refine the answer.

While Math.Abs(result - guess) > delta

' Use the result from the previous iteration
' as the starting point
guess = result

' Try again

result = ((numberDecimal / guess) + guess) / 2
End WhileEnd Sub

6. When the While loop has terminated, format and display the value in the result

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

variable in the NewtonLabel control. Format the data in a similar manner to the
previous task.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
...
' Display the result
NewtonLabel.Content = String.Format("{0} (Using
Newton)", result)End Sub

Your completed code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles CalculateButton.Click
' Get a double from the TextBox
Dim numberDouble As Double

If Not Double.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, numberDouble)

Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a double")

Return
End If

' Check that the user has entered a positive number

If numberDouble <= 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a positive number")
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Return
End If

' Use the .NET Framework Math.Sqrt method

Dim squareRoot As Double = Math.Sqrt(numberDouble)

' Format the result and display it

FrameworkLabel.Content = String.Format("{0} (Using the
.NET Framework)",
squareRoot)

' Newton's method for calculating square roots

' Get user input as a decimal

Dim numberDecimal As Decimal

If Not Decimal.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, numberDecimal)

Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a decimal")

Return
End If

' Specify 10 to the power of -28 as the minimum delta

between
' estimates. This is the minimum range supported by the
decimal
' type. When the difference between 2 estimates is less
than this
' value, then stop.
Dim delta As Decimal = Convert.ToDecimal(Math.Pow(10,

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

-28))

' Take an initial guess at an answer to get started

Dim guess As Decimal = numberDecimal / 2

' Estimate result for the first iteration

Dim result As Decimal = ((numberDecimal / guess) + guess
/ 2)

' While the difference between values for each current

iteration
' is not less than delta, then perform another iteration
to
' refine the answer.

While Math.Abs(result - guess) > delta

' Use the result from the previous iteration

' as the starting point
guess = result

' Try again

result = ((numberDecimal / guess) + guess) / 2
End While

' Display the result

NewtonLabel.Content = String.Format("{0} (Using Newton)",
result)
End Sub

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Task 5: Test the application.

1. Build and run the application in Debug mode to test your code. Use the test
values shown in the following table, and verify that the correct square roots are
calculated and displayed. Compare the value in the two labels, and then verify
that the square roots that are calculated by using Newton's method are more
accurate than those calculated by using the Math.Sqrt method.

Test .NET Framework Newton's algorithm

value

25 5 5.000000000000000000000000000

625 25 25.000000000000000000000000000

0.00000001 0.0001 0.0001000000000000000000000000

10 3.16227766016838 3.1622776601683793319988935444

8.8 2.96647939483827 2.9664793948382651794845589763

2.0 1.4142135623731 1.4142135623730950488016887242

2 1.4142135623731 1.4142135623730950488016887242

a. On the Debug menu, click Start Debugging, or press F5.

b. Enter the first value in the Test value column in the table in the TextBox control,
and then click Calculate.

c. Repeat step b for each row in the table.

2. As a final test, try the value 0.0000000000000000000000000001 (27 zeroes after

the decimal point). Can you explain the result?

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

The program halts and reports that DivideByZeroException was unhandled.

This exception occurs because the value that is specified is smaller than the
range of values that the Decimal type allows, so the value in the guess
variable is 0. You will see how to catch and handle exceptions in a later
module.

3. Close the application and return to Visual Studio:

On the Debug menu, click Stop Debugging.

Exercise 2: Converting Integer Numeric Data to Binary

Task 1: Create a new WPF application project.

Create a new project named, IntegerToBinary, in the

D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex2\Starter folder, by using the WPF Application project
template.

a. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, click New Project.

b. In the New Project dialog box, in the Project Types pane, expand Visual Basic,
and then click Windows.

c. In the Templates pane, click WPF Application.

d. Specify the following values for each of the properties in the dialog box, and
then click OK.

Name: IntegerToBinary

Location: D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex2\Starter

Solution name: IntegerToBinary

Create directory for solution: Select the check box.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Task 2: Create the user interface.

1. Add a TextBox, Button, and Label control to the MainWindow window. Place
them anywhere in the window.

a. In Solution Explorer, double-click MainWindow.xaml.

b. Open the Toolbox.

c. Expand the Common WPF Controls section of the Toolbox, if it is not

already open.

d. Double-click the TextBox control.

e. Open the Toolbox.

f. Double-click the Button control.

g. Open the Toolbox.

h. Double-click the Label control.

2. Using the Properties window, set the properties of each control by using the
values in the following table. Leave any other properties at their default values.

Control Property Value

TextBox Name InputTextBox

Height 28

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 12,12,0,0

Text 0

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VerticalAlignment Top

Width 120

Button Name ConvertButton

Content Convert

Height 23

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 138,12,0,0

VerticalAlignment Top

Width 75

Label Name BinaryLabel

Content 0

Height 28

HorizontalAlignment Left

Margin 12,41,0,0

VerticalAlignment Top

Width 120

a. In the MainWindow window, click the TextBox control.

b. In the Properties window, click the text, textBox1, adjacent to the TextBox
prompt, and then change the name to InputTextBox.

c. In the list of properties in the Properties window, locate the Height property,
and then change it to 28.

d. Repeat this process for the remaining properties of the TextBox control.

e. In the MainWindow window, click the Button control.

f. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d to set the specified properties for
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

this control.

g. In the MainWindow window, click one of the Label controls.

h. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d to set the specified properties for
this control.

i. In the MainWindow window, click the other Label control.

j. Follow the procedure described in steps b to d to set the specified properties for
this control.

The MainWindow window should look like the following image.

Task 3: Add code to generate the binary representation of an integer value.

1. Create an event handler for the Click event of the button.

a. In the MainWindow window, click the Button control.

b. In the Properties window, click the Events tab.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

c. In the list of events, double-click the Click event.

2. In the ConvertButton_Click method, add code to read the data that the user
enters in the InputTextBox control, and then convert it into an Integer type.
Store the integer value in a variable named, i. Use the TryParse method of the
Integer type to perform the conversion. If the text that the user enters is not
valid, display a message box with the text, "TextBox does not contain an
integer.", and then execute a Return statement to exit the method.

Add the code in the following code example to the ConvertButton_Click

method.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
' Get the integer entered by the user
Dim i As Integer

If Not Integer.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, i)
Then
MessageBox.Show("TextBox does not contain an
integer")

Return
End IfEnd Sub

3. Check that the value that the user enters is not a negative number (the integer-
to-binary conversion algorithm does not work for negative numbers). If it is
negative, display a message box with the text, "Please enter a positive number or
zero.", and then return from the method:

Append the statements in the following code example to the

ConvertButton_Click method, after the code that you added in the previous
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

step.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
...
' Check that the user has not entered a negative
number
If i < 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a positive
number or zero")

Return
End IfEnd Sub

4. Declare an integer variable named, remainder, and initialize it to zero. You will
use this variable to hold the remainder after dividing i by 2 during each iteration
of the algorithm.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
...
' Remainder will hold the remainder after dividing
i by 2
' after each iteration of the algorithm
Dim remainder As Integer = 0End Sub

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

5. Declare a StringBuilder variable named, binary, and instantiate it. You will use
this variable to construct the string of bits that represent i as a binary value.
Import the System.Text namespace by using the Error Correction Options
dialog box. You can do this by placing the cursor over the last character, r, in the
text, StringBuilder, move the cursor over the exclamation icon, click the drop-
down arrow, and then click Import 'System.Text'.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
...
' Binary will be used to construct the string of
bits
' that represent i as a binary value
Dim binary As New StringBuilder()End Sub

a. Append the code in bold formatting to the ConvertButton_Click method.

b. Place the cursor over the last character, r, in the text, StringBuilder, move
the cursor over the exclamation icon, click the drop-down arrow, and then
click Import 'System.Text'.

c. Notice the statement, Imports System.Text, is added to the top of the

MainWindow.xaml.vb file.

6. Add a Do Until loop that performs the following tasks:

a. Calculates the remainder after dividing i by 2, and then stores this value in
the remainder variable.

b. Divides i by 2, by using the integer division operator (\).

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

c. Prefixes the value of remainder to the start of the string being constructed
by the binary variable.

Terminate the Do Until loop when i is equal to zero.

Note: To prefix data into a StringBuilder object, use the Insert method
of the StringBuilder class, and then insert the value of the data at
position 0.

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
...
' Generate the binary representation of i
Do Until i = 0
remainder = i Mod 2
i=i\2
binary.Insert(0, remainder)
LoopEnd Sub

7. Display the value in the binary variable in the BinaryLabel Label control.

Note: Use the ToString method to retrieve the string that the
StringBuilder object constructs.
Set the Content property of the Label control to display this string.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Your code should resemble the following code example.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
...
' Display the result
BinaryLabel.Content = binary.ToString()End Sub

Your completed code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub ConvertButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs) Handles ConvertButton.Click
' Get the integer entered by the user
Dim i As Integer

If Not Integer.TryParse(InputTextBox.Text, i) Then

MessageBox.Show("TextBox does not contain an integer")

Return
End If

' Check that the user has not entered a negative number
If i < 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a positive number or zero")

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Return
End If

' Remainder will hold the remainder after dividing i by 2

' after each iteration of the algorithm
Dim remainder As Integer = 0

' Binary will be used to construct the string of bits

' that represent i as a binary value
Dim binary As New StringBuilder()

' Generate the binary representation of i

Do Until i = 0
remainder = i Mod 2
i=i\2
binary.Insert(0, remainder)

Loop

' Display the result

BinaryLabel.Content = binary.ToString()
End Sub

Task 4: Test the application.

1. Build and run the application to test your code. Use the test values shown in the
following table, and verify that the binary representations are generated and
displayed.

Test value Expected result

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

1 1

1 Message box appears with the message, "Please enter a positive number or zero."

10.5 Message box appears with the message, "TextBox does not contain an integer."

Fred Message box appears with the message "TextBox does not contain an integer."

4 100

999 1111100111

65535 1111111111111111

65536 10000000000000000

a. Press Ctrl+F5.

b. Enter the first value in the Test value column in the table in the TextBox control,
and then click Convert.

c. Verify that the result matches the text in the Expected result column.

d. Repeat steps b and c for each row in the table.

2. Close the application and return to Visual Studio:

On the Debug menu, click Stop Debugging.

Exercise 3: Multiplying Matrices

Task 1: Open the MatrixMultiplication project and examine the starter code.

1. Open the MatrixMultiplication project located in the

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex3\Starter folder.

a. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, click Open Project.

b. In the Open Project dialog box, browse to the

D:\Labfiles\Lab02\Ex3\Starter folder.

c. Click MatrixMultiplication.sln, and then click Open.

2. Examine the user interface that the MainWindow window defines.

In Solution Explorer, double-click MainWindow.xaml.

The user interface contains three Grid controls, three ComboBox controls, and a
Button control. When the application runs, the first Grid control, labeled, Matrix
1, represents the first matrix, and the second Grid control, labeled, Matrix 2,
represents the second matrix. The user can specify the dimensions of the
matrices by using the ComboBox controls, and then enter data into each cell in
them. There are several rules that govern the compatibility of matrices to be
multiplied together, and Matrix 2 is automatically configured to have an
appropriate number of rows based on the number of columns in Matrix 1.

When the user clicks the Calculate button, Matrix 1 and Matrix 2 are multiplied
together, and the result is displayed in the Grid control labeled, Result Matrix.
The dimensions of the result are determined by the shapes of Matrix 1 and
Matrix 2.

The following image shows the completed application running. The user has
multiplied a 23 matrix with a 32 matrix, and the result is a 33 matrix.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Task 2: Define the matrix arrays and populate them with the data in the Grid
controls.

1. In Visual Studio, review the Task List. You can view the Task List from the View
menu, where you point to Other Windows, and then click Task List. If the Task
List displays User Tasks, in the drop-down list box, click Comments.

a. If the Task List is not already visible, on the View menu, point to Other
Windows, and then click Task List.

b. If the Task List displays User Tasks, in the drop-down list box, click
Comments.

2. Open the MainWindow.xaml.vb file.

In Solution Explorer, expand MainWindow.xaml, and then double-click

MainWindow.xaml.vb.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

3. At the top of the MainWindow class, remove the comment TODO: Task 2
declare variables, and then add statements that declare three two-dimensional
arrays named, matrix1, matrix2, and result. The type of the elements in these
arrays should be Double, and the size of each dimension should be set to 0,
because the arrays will be dynamically sized, based on the input that the user
provides. The first dimension will be set to the number of columns, and the
second dimension will be set to the number of rows.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Class MainWindow
' Declare three arrays of doubles to hold the 3 matrices:
' The two input matrices and the result matrix
Private matrix1(0, 0) as Double
Private matrix2(0, 0) as Double
Private result(0, 0) as Double ...
End Class

4. In the Task List, double-click the task TODO: Task 2 Copy data from input
Grids. This task is located in the CalculateButton_Click method.

5. In the CalculateButton_Click method, remove the comment TODO: Task 2

Copy data from input Grids. Add two statements that call the
getValuesFromGrid method. This method (provided in the starter code) expects
the name of a Grid control and the name of an array to populate with data from
that Grid control. In the first statement, specify that the method should use the
data in Matrix1Grid to populate matrix1. In the second statement, specify that
the method should use the data from Matrix2Grid to populate matrix2.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
' Retrieve the contents of the first two grids
' into the first two matrices
getValuesFromGrid(Matrix1Grid, matrix1)
getValuesFromGrid(Matrix2Grid, matrix2) ...
End Sub

6. Remove the comment TODO: Task 2 Get the matrix dimensions. Declare three
integer variables named, m1columns_m2rows, m1rows, and m2columns.
Initialize m1columns_m2rows with the number of columns in the matrix1 array
(this is also the same as the number of rows in the matrix2 array) by using the
GetLength method of the first dimension of the array. Initialize m1rows with the
number of rows in the matrix1 array by using the GetLength method of the
second dimension of the array. Initialize m2columns with the number of
columns in the matrix2 array.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...
' Discover the dimensions of the input matrices
' (Remember that the number of columns in the first
matrix will
' always be the same as the number of rows in the second
matrix)
Dim m1columns_m2rows As Integer =
matrix1.GetLength(0)
Dim m1rows As Integer = matrix1.GetLength(1)
Dim m2columns As Integer = matrix2.GetLength(0)

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

...
End Sub

Task 3: Multiply the two input matrices and calculate the result.

1. In the CalculateButton_Click method, delete the comment TODO: Task 3

Calculate the result. Define a For loop that iterates through all the rows in the
matrix1 array. The dimensions of an array are integers, so use an integer variable
named, row, as the control variable in this For loop. Leave the body of the For
loop blank; you will add code to this loop in the next step.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...
' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To m1rows - 1

Next ...
End Sub

2. In the body of the For loop, add a nested For loop that iterates through all the
columns in the matrix2 array. Use an integer variable named, column, as the
control variable in this For loop. Leave the body of this For loop blank.

Your code should resemble the following code.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...

' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To m1rows - 1
For column As Integer = 0 To m2columns - 1

Next Next
...
End Sub

3. The contents of each cell in the result array are calculated by adding the product
of each item in the row identified by the row variable in matrix1 with each item
in the column identified by the column variable in matrix2. You will require
another loop to perform this calculation, and a variable to store the result as this
loop calculates it.

In the inner For loop, declare a Double variable named, accumulator, and then
initialize it to zero. Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...

' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To row < m1rows
For column As Integer = 0 To m2columns - 1
' Initialize the value for the result cell

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Dim accumulator As Double = 0 Next

Next
...
End Sub

4. Add another nested For loop after the declaration of the accumulator variable.
This loop should iterate through all the columns in the current row in the matrix1
array. Use an integer variable named, cell, as the control variable in this For loop.
Leave the body of this For loop blank.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...

' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To row < m1rows
For column As Integer = 0 To m2columns - 1
' Initialize the value for the result cell
Dim accumulator As Double = 0

' Iterate over the columns in the row in

matrix1
For cell As Integer = 0 To m1columns_m2rows
-1
NextI Next
Next
...
End Sub

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

5. In the body of this For loop, multiply the value in matrix1(cell, row) with the
value in matrix2(column, cell), and then add the result to accumulator.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...

' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To row < m1rows
For column As Integer = 0 To column < m2columns
' Initialize the value for the result cell
Dim accumulator As Double = 0

' Iterate over the columns in the row in matrix1

For cell As Integer = 0 To m1columns_m2rows - 1
' Multiply the value in the current
column in the
' current row in matrix1 with the value
in the
' current row in the current column in
matrix2 and
' add the result to accumulator
accumulator +=
matrix1(cell, row) *
matrix2(column, cell) Next
I Next
Next
...
End Sub

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

6. After the closing of the innermost For loop, store the value in the accumulator in
the result array. The value should be stored in the cell that the column and row
variables have identified.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...

' Calculate the value for each cell in the result matrix
For row As Integer = 0 To row < m1rows
For column As Integer = 0 To m2columns - 1
' Initialize the value for the result cell
Dim accumulator As Double = 0

' Iterate over the columns in the row in matrix1

For cell As Integer = 0 To m1columns_m2rows - 1
' Multiply the value in the current column in
the
' current row in matrix1 with the value in
the
' current row in the current column in
matrix2 and
' add the result to accumulator
accumulator +=
matrix1(cell, row) * matrix2(column,
cell)
Next

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

result(column, row) = accumulatorI

Next
Next
...
End Sub

Task 4: Display the results and test the application.

1. In the CalculateButton_Click method, delete the comment TODO: Task 4

Display the result. The starter code contains a method named, initializeGrid,
which displays the contents of an array in a Grid control in the WPF window. Add
a statement that calls this method. Specify that the method should use the grid3
Grid control to display the contents of the result array.

Your code should resemble the following code.

Private Sub CalculateButton_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As
System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
...
' Display the results of your calculation in the
third Grid
initializeGrid(ResultMatrixGrid, result)End Sub

2. Build the solution and correct any errors:

On the Build menu, click Build Solution. Correct any errors.

3. Run the application.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Press Ctrl+F5.

4. In the MainWindow window, define Matrix 1 as a 32 matrix and define Matrix

2 as a 33 matrix.

Note: The number of rows in the Matrix 2 matrix is determined by the

number of columns in the Matrix 1 matrix.

a. In the first ComboBox control, select Matrix 1: 3 Columns.

b. In the second ComboBox control, select Matrix 1: 2 Rows.

c. In the third ComboBox control, select Matrix 2: 3 Columns.

5. Specify the values for the cells in the matrices as shown in the following tables.

Matrix 1

1 5 9

3 7 11

Matrix 2

2 8 14

4 10 16

6 12 18

6. Click Calculate. Verify that the Result matrix displays the values as shown in in
the following table.

Result

32 50 68

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

44 86 128

7. Change the data in Matrix 2 as shown in the following table.

Matrix 2

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

8. Click Calculate. Verify that the Result matrix displays the values as shown in the
following table.

Result

1 5 9

3 7 11

Matrix 2 is an example of an identity matrix. When you multiply a matrix by an

identity matrix, the result is the same data as defined by the original matrix (it is
the matrix equivalent of multiplying a value by 1 in regular arithmetic). In this
case, the values in the Result matrix are the same as those in Matrix 1.

9. Change the data in Matrix 2 again, as shown in the following table.

Matrix 2

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

10. Click Calculate. Verify that the Result matrix displays the values in the following
table.

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10/4/2014 Lab Answer Key: Module 2: Using Visual Basic Programming Constructs

Result

1 5 9

3 7 11

This time, the values in Result are the same as those in Matrix 1, except that the
sign of each element is inverted (Matrix 2 is the matrix equivalent of 1 in
regular arithmetic).

11. Close the MainWindow window.

12. Close Visual Studio:

On the File menu, click Exit.

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