Name in Other Languages: Maramureș and Marmaroshchyna (

Maramureș and Marmaroshchyna (Romanian: Maramureș pronounced [maraˈmureʃ] (
listen), Ukrainian: Мармарощина) is a geographical, historical and ethno-cultural region in

northern Romania and western Ukraine. It is situated on the northeastern Carpathians, along the
upper Tisa River; it covers the Maramureș Depression and the surrounding Carpathian mountains.
Alternatively, the name Maramureș is used for the Maramureș County of Romania, which contains
the southern section of the historical region.
Contents
[hide]
 1Name in other languages

 2Geography
 3History
 4People
 5Gallery
 6See also
 7Further reading
 8References
 9External links
Name in other languages[edit]

The region has an alternative names in other languages Russian : Мараморош
/ Maramorosh, Hungarian: Máramaros, German: Maramuresch, Turkish: Marmaroş, Latin: Marmatia.
Geography[edit]
Maramureș is a valley enclosed by mountains Oaș, Gutâi, Țibleș and Rodnei to the west and
south, Maramureș Mountains and Ukrainian Carpathians (Wooded Carpathians) to the east and
north, with a thin opening at Khust. Several dozen small mountain rivers and creeks flow into the
river Tisa. It is forested and not easily accessible.
The limits of the region are between the parallels of 47°33' N and 40°02' N and the meridians of
23°15' E and 25°03' E. Maramureș represents one of the largest depressions in the Carpathians,
covering an area of about 10,000 km².
Its length from Khust to Prislop Pass is about 150 km and width from North to South is up to 80 km.
The main mountain passes linking Maramureș with the neighboring regions are high and in the past
were hardly accessible in the winter. Prislop Pass (1,414 m high) links the region in the east towards
Moldavia, Dealul Ștefăniței (1,254 m) in the south towards Transylvania, Pintea Pass (987 m)
towards Baia Mare, and Fărgău (587 m) in the west towards Oaș Country, while Frasini Pass
(Yasinia; 931 m) links the region in the north to Galicia.
The mountains surrounding this region occupy more than half of the area. A few peaks reach above
2,000 m, such as Pietrosul (2,303 m) in the Rodnei Mountains to the south and Hovârla (2,061 m) in
Muntele Negru (Cernahora) to the north.
The heavy forested mountains sustain many protected species of plants, such as yew (Taxus
baccata), larch (Larix decidua), Swiss pine (Pinus cembra), edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum); and
animals, such as lynx (Lynx lynx), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), alpine marmot (Marmota
marmota), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus).
The last wisent from present-day Romania territory, a symbol of Maramureş, was hunted to
extinction in 1852. Lostriţa, a local variety of salmon, still live in the mountain rivers.
Several protected areas have been created in Maramureș. Rodnei Mountains National Park was
designated in 1930, Maramureș Mountains Natural Park in 2004, and there are many other caves,
gorges, cliff formations, and lakes which are officially-protected areas.
History[edit]
Maramuresch county on the map of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, 1780-84. The present-day borders of
Romania are projected to the historical map.
Máramaros County (Hungarian: Máramaros vármegye; Romanian: Comitatul Maramureş; Ukrainian: Комітат
Марамарош), 1905
Main article: History of Maramureș

In ancient times, this area was settled by Celts, Dacians, Sarmatians and Germanic peoples. In the
first century BC, it was part of the Dacian Kingdom under Burebista, while in the early Middle Ages, it
was ruled by the Hunnic Empire, the Kingdom of the Gepids, the Kingdom of the Avars, the White
Croatia and the Kievan Rus'.
The territory was part of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11th century and was nominally divided
between the Gyepű border region, comitatus of Szatmár and comitatus of Borsova. Later, the whole
region was included into the comitatus of Máramaros. Initially, the inhabitants of the region were
allowed to preserve their native political organization, the Voevodates, which formed many small
autonomous areas. The King long struggled[citation needed] to convince the Voivodes to accept the title
of Count, with the implied losing independence in political and financial matters. During the Middle
Ages, the people in many mountain villages, where each family by definition had a considerable
domain, were called nameşi, meaning free peasants taking pride in their family (the origin of the
word is disputed, in the Kingdom of Hungary, free people possessing land were called "nemes"
in Hungarian, in Romanian neam means extended family).
In the 16th century, medieval Kingdom of Hungary was invaded and destroyed by the Ottoman
Empire, and area came under administration of the semi-independent Ottoman Principality of
Transylvania and later (in the end of the 17th century) under administration of the Habsburg
Monarchy (later known as the Austrian Empire). During Habsburg administration, region was firstly
part of the Habsburg Principality of Transylvania, but was later (in 1732) included into the Habsburg
Kingdom of Hungary. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was transformed into the dual monarchy
of Austria-Hungary and the region was included into the Transleithania or Hungarian part of the
Monarchy and formed the Máramaros County.
After the First World War, the region was divided between Romania and Czechoslovakia at the
territory of Hutsul Republic,[1] while during World War II (from 1939/1940 to 1944), the whole area
was controlled by Hungary. After World War II, the southern section remained within the Romanian
borders and is now part of Maramureș County; the northern section was incorporated into the Soviet
Union and is now part of Zakarpattia Oblast of independent Ukraine.
People[edit]
In the southern area, the majority of the population are Romanians. There are also
some Hungarians, Rusyns (Ukrainians), Zipser Germans, Jews, and Roma. In the northern area, the
majority are Ukrainians[citation needed], with smaller Romanian, Hungarian and German communities.
In the northern area most people speak the Ukrainian language[citation needed], while in the southern area
most speak Romanian, which is why the region was split into two parts.[2][citation needed] Since the 1940s
there have been villages cut in two by the state border. There are some villages in the north (within
Ukraine) that have a sizeable Romanian population, as well as some villages in Romania that have a
sizeable Ukrainian population.

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Maramureș and Marmaroshchyna (Romanian: Maramureș pronounced [maraˈmureʃ] (

listen), Ukrainian: Мармарощина) is a geographical, historical and ethno-cultural region in

 1Name in other languages

Name in other languages[edit]

Main article: History of Maramureș

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