Preliminary Pavement Design Calculations

Project Job Ref.
RECONSTRUCTION OF APAPA-WHARF ROAD HOP/2016-02

Section Sheet no./rev.
Hancock Ogundiya & Partners
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN 1
33. Glover Street Ebute -Metta Lagos.
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
OLALEKAN 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Annual Average Daily Flow(AADF) = Total volume of vehicle for 1 year

365
Annual Volume of Other Goods Vehicle greater than 3 Rigid Axle (OGV2) = 475,567 Vehicles
Assume 30% of OGV2 = Volume of Passenger Vehicles(PSV) + Other Goods Vehicle less than 3 Rigid
Axle(OGV1)
AADF for PSV + OGV1 = 0.3 x 475,567 = 391 Vehicles

365
AADF for OGV2 = 475,567 = 1303 Vehicles

365
Design Traffic Load in each category type = Design Life(years) x 365 x Total AADF x Wear Factor x
Growth Factor
Growth Factor for PSV + OGV1 = 1 + (Design Life/180) 1.1
Design Life considered = 20 Years
Hence; 1 + (20/180) 1.1 = 1.089
Growth Factor for OGV2 = 1 + (Design Life/54.5) 1.1
Therefore; 1 + (20/54.5) 1.3 = 1.272
Design Traffic Loads
PSV + OGV1 = 20 x 365 x (0.3x1700) x 1 x 1.089 = 4.06 msa ( msa = Million Single Axle)
OGV2 = 20 x 365 x (0.7 x 1700) x 4.4 x 1.272 = 48.54 msa
Total Traffic Load = 48.54 + 4.06 = 52.6 msa
Percentage in heaviest lane = 97 – 2.5[Log10(1700) – 2]3.35 = 92%
Heaviest Lane Traffic = 0.92 x 52.6 = 48.39 msa

Project Job Ref.

FOUNDATION DESIGN
Ref : HD 24/06 Part 3 - 20 ≤ Design Traffic (48.39) ≤ 80 msa
Class 2 Foundation ( Well graded Crushed Rock Subgrade Material) is adequate
PAVEMENT SLAB DESIGN
Design Parameters
Axle Load of an overloaded vehicle = 11 000 kg = 110 000 N
Thickness of subgrade layer = 200mm
Assumed thickness of pavement = 200mm
Assumed enhanced modulus of subgrade reaction due to subgrade type = 0.105 N/mm3
Patch Load Design using Westergaard Approach
(a) Point Load at mid -slab (i.e > 0.5m from the slab edge)
σ max = 0.275(1 + µ) P log ( 0.36 Eh 3 / Kb 4)

h2
(b) Point Load at the edge of the slab
σ max = 0.529(1 + 0.54 µ) P log ( 0.20 Eh 3 / Kb 4)

h2
(c) Point Load at a slab corner
σ max = 3P{1 -1.41 [12(1 - µ2)]1/4} Kb 4/Eh3

h2
Where :
σ max = Flexural stress in N/mm2
P = Point load , i.e characteristics axle load x Load factor = 2 x 110 000 = 220 000 N
Project Job Ref.

µ = Poisson’s ratio = 0.15
h = Slab thickness = 200mm
E = Elastic modulus = 20 000N/mm2
K = Modulus of Subgrade reaction = 0.105 N/mm3
W = Patch load on wheel = 220 000 / 2 = 110 000 N
P = Contact stress between wheel and pavement = 0.7 N/mm2
b = Radius of tyre pressure contact zone = (W/πp)1/2 = (110 000 / 3.142 x 0.7) = 224mm
Therefore:
Point Load at mid -slab (i.e > 0.5m from the slab edge)
σ max = 0.275(1 + 0.15) 110 000 x log ( 0.36 x 20 000 x 200 3 / 0.105 x 224 4) = 1.96 N/mm2
200 2
Point Load at the edge of the slab
σ max = 0.529(1 + 0.54 x 0.15)110 000 x log( 0.20 x 20 000 x 200 3/0.105 x 224 4) = 3.27N/mm2
200 2
Point Load at a slab corner
σ max = 3 x 110 000 {1 -1.41 [12(1 - 0.152)]1/4} 0.105 x 224 4/20 000 x 2003 = - 0.02 N/mm2
2002
Twin wheels that are bolted side by side are assumed to be one wheel transmitting half of the axle
load to the pavement. In certain cases, wheels loads at one end of an axle magnify the stress
beneath wheels at the opposite end of the axle, at a distance S away ( Where S is measured
between patch load centres. To calculate the stress magnification, the characteristics length (i.e
the radius of relative stiffness, l) has to be found from the equation below.
l = [Eh3/12(1 - µ2)K]1/4 = [20 000 x 2003 / 12(1 – 0.152) x 0.105]1/4 = 600.36mm
Assume S = 2700mm for a typical loaded truck
S / l = 2700/600.36 = 4.49
Project Job Ref.

From proximity chart for patch loads
Mt / P = 0.001
Mt = Tangential Moment
Therefore , additional flexural stress is given by ; σ add = ( Mt / P) (6/h2) P
σ add = 0.001 x (6/2002) x 110 000 = 0.02 N/mm2
Thus,
Total maximum flexural stress = 3.27 + 0.02 = 3.29 N/mm2
Flexural Strength of Grade C40 concrete at 28 days = 4.3 N/mm2
Hence 3.29 < 4.3
Adopt 200mm Thick Grade C40 Concrete Slab
LONGITUDINAL JOINTS
Longitudinal joints shall be provided per lane but not exceeding 3.75m width of the road.
Y16 Tie bars about 750mm long shall be provided at the middle of the slab and placed at 375mm from
the adjoining transverse joint and at 450mm at subsequent intervals.
TRANSVERSE JOINTS
Depending weather pavement will be reinforced(JRCP) or unreinforced(JPCP), tranverse joints shall be
provided at 12m c/c if reinforced or 4.5m c/c if unreinforced.
Note : Minimum of Y10 -150 c/c shall be provided if pavement is JRCP

Mesh shall be provided if pavement is JPCP
Y25 Smooth Steel Dowel bars about 450mm long shall be provided at the mid-slab and parallel to the
centrline of the road. These bars shall be spaced at 300mm c/c.

Preliminary Pavement Design Calculations

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Project Job Ref.

RECONSTRUCTION OF APAPA-WHARF ROAD HOP/2016-02

OLALEKAN 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016

Annual Average Daily Flow(AADF) = Total volume of vehicle for 1 year

AADF for PSV + OGV1 = 0.3 x 475,567 = 391 Vehicles

AADF for OGV2 = 475,567 = 1303 Vehicles

Growth Factor for PSV + OGV1 = 1 + (Design Life/180) 1.1

Design Life considered = 20 Years

Hence; 1 + (20/180) 1.1 = 1.089

Growth Factor for OGV2 = 1 + (Design Life/54.5) 1.1

Therefore; 1 + (20/54.5) 1.3 = 1.272

Design Traffic Loads

OGV2 = 20 x 365 x (0.7 x 1700) x 4.4 x 1.272 = 48.54 msa

Total Traffic Load = 48.54 + 4.06 = 52.6 msa

Percentage in heaviest lane = 97 – 2.5[Log10(1700) – 2]3.35 = 92%

Heaviest Lane Traffic = 0.92 x 52.6 = 48.39 msa

RECONSTRUCTION OF APAPA-WHARF ROAD HOP/2016-02

OLALEKAN 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016

Ref : HD 24/06 Part 3 - 20 ≤ Design Traffic (48.39) ≤ 80 msa

Class 2 Foundation ( Well graded Crushed Rock Subgrade Material) is adequate

PAVEMENT SLAB DESIGN

Axle Load of an overloaded vehicle = 11 000 kg = 110 000 N

Thickness of subgrade layer = 200mm

Assumed thickness of pavement = 200mm

Patch Load Design using Westergaard Approach

σ max = 0.275(1 + µ) P log ( 0.36 Eh 3 / Kb 4)

(b) Point Load at the edge of the slab

σ max = 0.529(1 + 0.54 µ) P log ( 0.20 Eh 3 / Kb 4)

(c) Point Load at a slab corner

σ max = 3P{1 -1.41 [12(1 - µ2)]1/4} Kb 4/Eh3

σ max = Flexural stress in N/mm2

RECONSTRUCTION OF APAPA-WHARF ROAD HOP/2016-02

OLALEKAN 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016

µ = Poisson’s ratio = 0.15

h = Slab thickness = 200mm

E = Elastic modulus = 20 000N/mm2

K = Modulus of Subgrade reaction = 0.105 N/mm3

W = Patch load on wheel = 220 000 / 2 = 110 000 N

P = Contact stress between wheel and pavement = 0.7 N/mm2

Point Load at the edge of the slab

Point Load at a slab corner

l = [Eh3/12(1 - µ2)K]1/4 = [20 000 x 2003 / 12(1 – 0.152) x 0.105]1/4 = 600.36mm

Assume S = 2700mm for a typical loaded truck

RECONSTRUCTION OF APAPA-WHARF ROAD HOP/2016-02

OLALEKAN 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016 OLUYEMI 27/05/2016

From proximity chart for patch loads

Therefore , additional flexural stress is given by ; σ add = ( Mt / P) (6/h2) P

σ add = 0.001 x (6/2002) x 110 000 = 0.02 N/mm2

Total maximum flexural stress = 3.27 + 0.02 = 3.29 N/mm2

Flexural Strength of Grade C40 concrete at 28 days = 4.3 N/mm2

Hence 3.29 < 4.3

Adopt 200mm Thick Grade C40 Concrete Slab

Note : Minimum of Y10 -150 c/c shall be provided if pavement is JRCP

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