Bamboo 101-Philippine Bamboo Species

Bamboo 101
The versatile sustainable building material
MA. LOURDES “ JOY” MARTINEZ ONOZAWA . APEC ARCH’T, UAP , ENP,REB

joy@environmentdesign.ph, joymonozawa@gmail.com
Friday, 30 September 16
FUNDAMENTAL PURPOSE OF
ARCHITECTURE
“ A TOOL TO MAKE PEOPLE’S LIVES
BETTER -- FOR ALL THOSE INVOLVED “
BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE CAN BE A MAJOR

TOOL IN INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
OUR PHILOSOPHY....
“ where human health and well-being have a

BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE biologically based need to affiliate with nature
“ BIOPHILIA - LOVE FOR LIFE” through built form”
“ design of the interior – exterior – outdoor

based on local climate, providing thermal and
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE visual comfort, making use of solar energy and
other environmental sources”
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Common Name: Kauayan Tinik
Scien2fic Name: Bambusa Blumeana
Culm( Pole) Height: 10 – 25 mtrs.

Culm Diameter: 10-20 cm.
Length of Internode: 40 – 60 cm.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: MulHpurpose: edible shoots, construcHon material

`basketry, household uses, pulp and paper
DistribuHon: Widely Distributed throughout the Philippines
Origin: NaHve to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Lesser Sunda

Islands. Probably introduced in the Philippines in the pre-
historic Hmes.
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Kauayan Kiling , Yellow Bamboo

Scien2fic Name: Bambusa Vulgaris Vi>ata
Culm Height: 10 - 15 mtrs.
Culm Diameter: 6 - 10 cm.
Length of Internode: 30 - 50 cm.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: Windbreaks, for farm implements, building and

supporHng poles, edible shoots.
DistribuHon: Low and medium alHtudes found in

backyard along the periphery of culHvated lands, creeks
and foothills
Origin: NaHve of Taiwan
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Giant Bamboo

Scien2fic Name: Dendrocalamus Asper
Culm Height: 20 mtrs.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: Building material for houses: edible shoots
DistribuHon: Natural groves locally distributed in

Bukidnon and South Cotabato. ( upland Bamboo)
CulHvated lumps in Laguna, Negros, Samar and Leyte.
Origin: Endemic to the Philippines
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Bayog

Scien2fic Name: Dendrocalamus Merrillianus
Culm Height: 10-15 mtrs.
Length of Internode: 15-30cm.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: Most important for its young shoot which is considered

delicious, also household use and non structural construcHon
purposes.
DistribuHon: Widely Distributed in Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija,

Rizal, Zambales, Pangasinan, Bulacan, Cebu, Bohol and Lanao.
Origin: Endemic to the Philippines
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Kaychi

Scien2fic Name: Gigantochloa A>er
Culm Height: 22 mtrs.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: Building materials, household utensils, basketry,

handicra]s.
DistribuHon: Natural stands and culHvated clumps in Davao,

Surigao, Bukidnon, Samar and Leyte.
Origin: Unknown. CulHvated in Indonesia, Malaysia,

Borneo and Philippines (Davao)
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Bolo or Botong Patong
Name: Gigantochloa Levis
Culm Height: 10 – 12 mtrs.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: ConstrucHon of rural houses, furniture, ra]s, fish traps,

fish pens, outriggers, edible shoots.
DistribuHon: Growing in Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Palawan,

Panay, Bohol, Leyte and Basilan.
Origin: No known origin. Commonly culHvated in the Philippines

and Northern and Western Borneo.
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Bagacay
Scien2fic Name: Schizostachyum Lumampao

Habitat: Erect
Uses: For sawali-making, basketry, fences, flutes, handicra]

and many other uses.
DistribuHon: Growing in Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Palawan,

Panay, Leyte and Basilan.
Origin: Endemic to the Philippines, occasionally culHvated
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Anos / Golden Bagacay
Scien2fic Name: Schizostachyum Lima (Lime bamboo)

Culm Diameter: 2 - 4cm.
Habitat: Erect
Uses : Material for housing, like sawali-making, musical

instruments, fishing rods, etc.
DistribuHon: Occurring in Agusan, Mindoro, Rizal, Central and

Northern Luzon.
Origin: NaHve to Borneo, Celebes, Mollucas, New Guinea and

Solomon Island and the Philippines
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Laak
Scien2fic Name: Sphaerobambos Philippinensis
Culm Height: 4 - 6 mtrs.
Culm Diameter: 5 cm.
Habitat: Erect
Uses: General purpose, banana props, used as

kauayan-kiling, baboo curtains and ornamental
fences
DistribuHon: CulHvated in Davao del Norte on

commercial scale.
Origin: Endemic to the Philippines (Davao)
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Machiku (called Botong in Davao)
Scien2fic Name: Dendrocalamus La2florus
- guada bamboo
Culm Height: 14 - 25 meters
Culm Diameter: 8-20 cm becoming thinner on top.

Thick walls ( 5 - 30 mm) - small center hole
Length of Internode: 20 - 70 cm
Habitat: erect
Uses: Culms used for structural Hmber (of medium quality)

for house and temporary construcHon, agricultural
implements, water pipes, basketry, ra]s for fishing, woven
wares, furniture, chopsHcks, bamboo boards, and paper
making. The leaves are used to make hats, to cook rice, to
make roofs for boats, and as packing material. Shoots are
consumed as a vegetable and are of very good quality.
Origin: NaHve to taiwan and Southern China

SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Moroku-Chiku

Scien2fic Name: Bambusa oldhami (Munroe) Me Clure
Culm Height: 17 - 20 mts
Culm Diameter: 10 cm
Length of Internode: 40 - 50 cm
Habitat: Erect
Uses: ornamental plant, for furniture -- not suited for

construcHon
DistribuHon: grows in the uplands..Baguio, Bukidnon
Origin: Taiwan
SIGNIFICANT BAMBOO
Common Name: Bulo Padi , Golden buho
Scien2fic Name: Schizostachyum Brachycladum Kurz
Culm Height: 6 - 13 meters
Culm Diameter: 5 - 10 cm , walls 2.50 - 5 .00mm
Length of Internode: 30 - 60 cm, hollow between nodes
Habitat: Erect, flowering every year.
Uses: for musical instruments, for handicra], for

ornamental planHng
DistribuHon: widely distributed in the philippines as an

ornamental plant.
Origin : Malaysia
vertical overhang to protect wide horizontal overhang to
roof vents for hot air exit- house from the rain protect house from heat
passive cooling gain
clear paned
doors for
continuos views/
passive lighting
HIgh windows
for hot air exit
Biophilic, Bioclimatic House on stilts to protect it

veranda to provide
air circulation,
Architecture from moisture build up reduces heat gain
BENEFITS OF BAMBOO
1. Sequesters 21.10 tons of CO2 a year and is never released even after harvest.
2.Purifies air immensely - gives off 30 more oxygen than any other flora in the world
3. Forest canopy prevents the evaporation of streams.
4. Allows dispersion of raindrops thus mitigating soil erosion
5. Has a high water storage capacity, able to release water onto dry streams and its
surrounding plants during the dry season..
6. Organic – Has natural anti-bacterial agents that allow it to be grown without

pesticides or chemical fertilizers
7. Sustainable - Regenerates itself from the roots, replacing crops naturally without
the need for re-planting or crop rotation
8 . Renewable – One of the fastest-growing plants on the planet, growing up to 1.0

meter a day
Bamboo Forestry in Architecture/ Urban Design
•windbreaks, noise control

•odor and pollution control - converts 35% more CO2 into oxygen than a regular tree
•soil erosion - controls landslides and prevents washouts
•soil /water remediation - absorbs heavy metals and sewage effluent
TEXT
- HIGHWAYS
- POLLUTION
-NOISE PURIFIED AIR
- ODOR
Environment Temperate Cooling and Quality oxygen
Bamboo gives off 30% more

oxygen than any other flora in
the world!! Bamboo is a natural
portable air filter. When air
quality is good, the air we
breathe alkalinizes our bodies.
Barometers of Good Quality Oxygen
Lichens
“Bamboos, growing thick, standing single–put all your roots together and all is
well in the mountains and rivers.” Sengai, 19th century Japanese Zen Master.
High Nitrogen and heavy

metal uptake useful in
waste water treatment.
Bamboo charcoal is also
Binds 80% of soil. effective.
Bamboo mulch
reduces runoff and Water runoff from
remediates poor agricultural fields with
soils. fertilizers are cleaned up by
Soil underneath bamboo before reaching the
bamboo is excellent rivers.
for growing seeds
and fingerlings
BAMBOO CHARCOAL
- GREAT FOR FUEL

- PURIFIES DEODORIZES WATER,
- THE SHOOTS, CULMS AND BRANCHES ARE USED.
- CAN BE PULVERIZED FOR MANY OTHER USES
Can be utilized for lightweight construction
Emergency shelter
by USC Cebu
Bamboo fibers have a tensile strength of up to
3,200 kg/cm ,surpassing that of timber and mild steel
High bending strength makes ideal material for seismic-
resistant construction
ZERI PAVILION , WORLD EXPO 2000
BEAUTIFUL BRIDGES
STRUCTURAL
FORMS
GEODESIC STRUCTURE
USING DOME MARQUEE
SUSTAINABLE WALLS IN BAMBOO
Dividers, Doors, Gates
INTERIOR BAMBOO WALLS
INTERIOR CREATIVITY
BAMBOO ROOFING
CEILINGS
BAMBOO BATHROOM FIXTURES
BATHROOM AMENITIES
VERSATILE WITH OTHER MATERIALS
FLOORING
MISCELLANEOUS
USES
BAMBOO FURNITURE
RENZO PIANO-- TJIBAOU CULTURAL
CENTER
MADRID BARAJAS AIRPORT
BY: ROGERS STIRK HARBOUR
THE GREEN SCHOOL , BALI
VO TRONG NGHIA
MORE.....
SIMON VELEZ
ARATA ISOZAKI
BAMBOO SCHOOL - CAMARINES SUR
BY: EILEENA JAMIL

FRANSISCO MANOSA... THE MASTER !!
PLANTATION BAY, CEBU
PLANTATION
BAY, CEBU
PLANTATION BAY, CEBU
QUINCHA - BUILDING WITH BAMBOO , PERU
TRADITIONAL
IMPROVED
BAHAREQUE, COLUMBIA
MIXED WOOD, BAMBOO AND CLAY
BAMBOO%REINFORCED%WALL%
ADAPTATIONS
BAMBOO REINFORCEMENT
KUCHA HOUSES IN
BANGLADESH
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
GEODESIC DOME
- RESILIENT TO EARTHQUAKES
AND TYPHOON
TRADITIONAL SALT MAKING
WITH BAMBOO MIAGAO, PANAY
BARBECUE
OVEN
HOW TO USE BAMBOO
1. SELECTION
IDENTIFY THE SPECIE OF BAMBOO THAT YOU NEED FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE
2.HARVESTING
MUST BE AT LEAST 3 YEARS OLD, 4 YEARS OLD FOR BIGGER TYPES OF
BAMBOO BUT NOT MORE THAN 7 YEARS OLD. . HARVEST ONLY AT THE END
OF THE RAINY SEASON / BEGINNING OF THE DRY SEASON. STARCH IS
LOWEST AT THIS TIME AND MOISTURE IS HIGH. POWDER BEETLES ( LYCTID
BORER LARVAE) ARE ATTRACTED TO THE STARCH .
HOW TO MANAGE BAMBOO
2.HARVESTING
-- USING THE MOON PHASE
The starch content is lowest between
waning gibbous moon and last quarter
moon (between the 6th and 8th day after
full moon) due to the higher gravitation of
the moon during full moon, therefore more
starch content..
-- USING PHOTOSYNTHESIS TIME

The starch content is
lowest between 12 :00 midnight
and 6:00 am as the starch is still in
the roots and rhizomes. Likewise
harvesting bamboo this way retains
enough food in the rhizomes to
have new shoots right away.
Plantations can benefit this way.
HOW TO MANAGE BAMBOO
1. A DAY BEFORE CUTTING, MARK THE BAMBOO POLES YOU WILL BE CUTTING
2. CLEAR THE AREA, PREPARE THEM FOR CUTTING AND FOR TOWING AWAY, OR
FOR CARRYING AWAY
3. HARVEST AT THE RIGHT TIME BY CUTTING JUST BELOW THE BOTTOM MOST
NODE - THIS IS THE STRONGEST PART SO YOU WILL WANT TO KEEP IT
CONNECTED THROUGH THE ENTIRE POLE
4. BAMBOO IS BEST TREATED IMMEDIATELY

OR NOT MORE THAN 3-5 DAYS.
TREATMENT OF BAMBOO
Bamboo possesses large amounts of starch (sugars) which are the attractive
nutrients for parasites, borers and fungi. Therefore bamboo treatments are
aimed at getting rid of the starches.
1. Transpiration Treatment Method
2. Direct Immersion Method
- seawater
- limewater
- Boron/ Borax/Perla Soap, Chili Peppers
3. Immersion with Boiling Solutions
4. Charring Bamboo for (water proofing)
1. DIRECT TRANSPIRATION TREATMENT METHOD
FOR GREEN BAMBOO
After bamboo is cut, immediately, puncture the pole

so as to makes holes in each node. Place vertically
up with the bottom immersed in buckets of
previously boiled boric/ borax / chili peppers solution.\
Let stand for two ( 2) weeks.
Boric acid 1 cup

Borax 1 cup
Chili peppers 5 pcs
Water 18 - 25 cups depending on the size of the
bamboo. The smaller bamboo will need less water.
What happens: sap displacement, seeping, diffusion,

impregnating the fibers with anti pest solutions.
Those that display cracks or severe shrinkage are not
to be use for construction . They may be used for
baskets or for weaving walls.
TREATMENT FOR SEMI - DRY BAMBOO
QUALITY CONTROL
ALWAYS , ALWAYS PUNCTURE
BAMBOO BEFORE TREATMENT
WATER IMMERSION ( LEACHING)

- 3 weeks Minimum for 2” Bamboo, longer up to 3 months
for 6” - 12” diameter
- Currents are important, not in stagnant water, so as to
prevent fungi
LIME WATER TREATMENT

- 3 weeks Minimum for 2” Bamboo, longer up to 3 months
for 6” - 12” diameter
- good for exterior use
WASHING AND CLEANING
BRUSH CLEAN MOSS AND DIRT
IMMERSION WITH BOILING SOLUTIONS
After harvesting, immediately puncture the nodes then let the pole stand up or lean
on a scaffold for a week . Pick out only the bamboo that does not warp or break.
Immediately immerse in a boiling solution of natural soap ( perla) , chili peppers, and
garlic, and borax/ boric acid for about 2 - 3 hours . Let the bamboo stay immersed for
3 days then air dry.
Boric acid 1 cup

Borax 1 cup
Chili peppers 2 pcs
Water 18 - 25 cups
1 bar shaved organic soap
BAMBOO POST TREATMENT
CURING/ STORAGE
1. Air dried in a roofed structure away from harsh
sunlight and rain. Poles must never touch bare ground.
2. Poles need to vertically placed leaning on a scaffold

tower ( the best way to prevent fungus)
-- for horizontal drying provide air breaks in between
layers, and rotate them once a week.
3. Always ensure air flowing through the poles.

4. Air drying round bamboo takes about 6-12 weeks.
Drying time depends on:

• Initial moisture content
• Bamboo wall thickness
• Environmental humidity
• Quantity of solar radiation
• The absence or presence of rain
• Speed of the surrounding air
BAMBOO POST TREATMENT
-- DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL for Treatment Water GUIDELINES
BORAX/BORIC ACID is non toxic to the environment, but is highly saline
- When a moderate amount of it is absorbed into the ground, the ground filters
out the salt to the point where it does not pollute the ground water.
- However, it is advisable to dispose of it safely and out of reach of children.
- When diluted with more water the discarded solution could be used as a
herbicide on terraces and walkways.
bambooman.com
CHARRING BAMBOO
WATERPROOFING / SEALING EDGES
CHARRED BAMBOO WALLS
WATERPROOFING/FINISHING
BAMBOO
KUKUI TREE
Aleurites Molucanna
Candlenut tree
Varnish tree
1. POUND THE BRANCHES TO BRING OUT THE SAP.

APPLY SAP ALL OVER BAMBOO
2. FINISH WITH THE NATURAL VARNISH/

WATERPROOFING PROPERTY OF THE NUT OIL
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT
OF BAMBOO
In the shooting season, remove any shoots that are
going to create overcrowding (many species are
edible, cooked).
Leave only the shoots of good diameter which

have potential to produce straight strong poles for
timber use.
YUMMY!
THE BAMBOO WORLD IS FASCINATING!!
AT THE HEART OF ALL OUR PROJECTS
IS THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE TAO
LETS BUILD SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IN THE

PHILIPPINES -- BUILD WITH BAMBOO AND
ENCOURAGE BAMBOO ECONOMIES!
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!
MA. LOURDES “ JOY” MARTINEZ ONOZAWA . UAP + PIEP + NREA
joy@environmentdesign.ph, joymonozawa@gmail.com
WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES
1. Harvesting Bamboo Poles - technique in cutting the culms
2. Treating the culm
- puncturing the poles

- mixing borax/ boric / garlic/ chilli peppers solution
- Lime water technique
- charring technique ( blow torch)
3. Making fences/ or door panels or dividers with the use of bamboo branches
4. Making simple joints, and nailing / fastening techniques - to also make the
bamboo nails, bamboo rope, use the drill and machette
Free time is used to make any creative bamboo project with machette, sandpaper,
chisel..etc....

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Bamboo 101

The versatile sustainable building material

MA. LOURDES “ JOY” MARTINEZ ONOZAWA . APEC ARCH’T, UAP , ENP,REB

BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE CAN BE A MAJOR

“ where human health and well-being have a

“ design of the interior – exterior – outdoor

Scien2ﬁc Name: Bambusa Blumeana

Culm( Pole) Height: 10 – 25 mtrs.

Uses: MulHpurpose: edible shoots, construcHon material

DistribuHon: Widely Distributed throughout the Philippines

Origin: NaHve to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Lesser Sunda

Common Name: Kauayan Kiling , Yellow Bamboo

Culm Height: 10 - 15 mtrs.

Culm Diameter: 6 - 10 cm.

Length of Internode: 30 - 50 cm.

Uses: Windbreaks, for farm implements, building and

DistribuHon: Low and medium alHtudes found in

Origin: NaHve of Taiwan

Common Name: Giant Bamboo

Culm Diameter: 10-20 cm.

Length of Internode: 12 – 40 cm.

Uses: Building material for houses: edible shoots

DistribuHon: Natural groves locally distributed in

Origin: Endemic to the Philippines

Common Name: Bayog

Culm Diameter: 8-12 cm.

Length of Internode: 15-30cm.

Uses: Most important for its young shoot which is considered

DistribuHon: Widely Distributed in Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija,

Origin: Endemic to the Philippines

Common Name: Kaychi

Culm Diameter: 6 - 10 cm.

Length of Internode: 40 – 50 cm.

Uses: Building materials, household utensils, basketry,

DistribuHon: Natural stands and culHvated clumps in Davao,

Origin: Unknown. CulHvated in Indonesia, Malaysia,

Name: Gigantochloa Levis

Culm Height: 10 – 12 mtrs.

Culm Diameter: 4 - 6 cm.

Length of Internode: 20 – 50 cm.

Uses: ConstrucHon of rural houses, furniture, ra]s, ﬁsh traps,

DistribuHon: Growing in Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Palawan,

Origin: No known origin. Commonly culHvated in the Philippines

Common Name: Bagacay

Scien2ﬁc Name: Schizostachyum Lumampao

Culm Diameter: 4 - 6 cm.

Length of Internode: 20 - 50 cm.

Uses: For sawali-making, basketry, fences, ﬂutes, handicra]

DistribuHon: Growing in Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Palawan,

Origin: Endemic to the Philippines, occasionally culHvated

Scien2ﬁc Name: Schizostachyum Lima (Lime bamboo)

Culm Diameter: 2 - 4cm.

Length of Internode: 12 – 60 cm.

Uses : Material for housing, like sawali-making, musical

DistribuHon: Occurring in Agusan, Mindoro, Rizal, Central and

Origin: NaHve to Borneo, Celebes, Mollucas, New Guinea and

Scien2ﬁc Name: Sphaerobambos Philippinensis

Culm Height: 4 - 6 mtrs.

Culm Diameter: 5 cm.