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    Case Study

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    Isaiah Hubert Eduave
    This document discusses two case-control field studies that assessed the impact of environmental sanitation interventions on diarrhea morbidity in Africa and Asia. The studies found that improved sanitation, including gravity water systems and piped water, were associated with reductions in diarrhea of 20-40% compared to unprotected water sources. The studies also demonstrated valid, precise estimates and suggested a simpler study design could be feasible for future evaluations with limited data collection and home visits. However, more field studies are still needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about using a simple approach.

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    Case Study

    Uploaded by

    Isaiah Hubert Eduave
    70 views2 pages
    This document discusses two case-control field studies that assessed the impact of environmental sanitation interventions on diarrhea morbidity in Africa and Asia. The studies found that improved sanitation, including gravity water systems and piped water, were associated with reductions in diarrhea of 20-40% compared to unprotected water sources. The studies also demonstrated valid, precise estimates and suggested a simpler study design could be feasible for future evaluations with limited data collection and home visits. However, more field studies are still needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about using a simple approach.

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    Research Papaer about case control studies

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    This document discusses two case-control field studies that assessed the impact of environmental sanitation interventions on diarrhea morbidity in Africa and Asia. The studies found that improved sanitation, including gravity water systems and piped water, were associated with reductions in diarrhea of 20-40% compared to unprotected water sources. The studies also demonstrated valid, precise estimates and suggested a simpler study design could be feasible for future evaluations with limited data collection and home visits. However, more field studies are still needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about using a simple approach.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    70 views2 pages

    Case Study

    Uploaded by

    Isaiah Hubert Eduave
    This document discusses two case-control field studies that assessed the impact of environmental sanitation interventions on diarrhea morbidity in Africa and Asia. The studies found that improved sanitation, including gravity water systems and piped water, were associated with reductions in diarrhea of 20-40% compared to unprotected water sources. The studies also demonstrated valid, precise estimates and suggested a simpler study design could be feasible for future evaluations with limited data collection and home visits. However, more field studies are still needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about using a simple approach.

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    Case-control studies of the effect of environmental

    sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity: methodological


    implications of field studies in Africa and Asia.
    Briscoe J1, Baltazar J, Young B.
    Author information
    Abstract
    The problems and prospects in the use of case-control studies to assess the effects of
    improvements in environmental sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity are discussed on the basis of two
    field studies. It is concluded that an adequate design is available for assessing the effects of a single
    improvement on diarrhoeal disease. The estimates of effect appear to be valid and sufficiently
    precise. For addressing more complex questions of interactions, sample sizes would have to be
    increased substantially. The experience with two field studies suggests that there is hope that a
    simpler protocol may be feasible, in which only limited information is collected, in which few home
    visits are made, and in which analytical techniques are simple. Until more field studies have been
    conducted definitive conclusions cannot be reached on the applicability of such a simple, rapid and
    inexpensive approach.

    PIP:
    Only 2 field studies have been conducted on the effect of environmental sanitation interventions on
    diarrheal disease. Based on the validity, precision, the "simplification" of these 2 studies, researchers
    suggest that further studies follow a similar simple approach. In 1 study, the Government of Malawi
    evaluated the impact of the installation of gravity water supply systems in a rural area. In the
    Philippines, researchers compared the effect of the provision of piped and borehole water to that of
    springs and dug wells in a periurban area. In the Malawi study, geometric mean fecal coliform
    levels/100 ml for the piped water and water from unprotected sources stood at 12 and 540
    respectively at the source and 16 and 760 in the house. As for the Philippines, the mean for piped
    and borehole water were almost 0, while the levels for springs and dug wells were 50. Both cases of
    diarrhea and controls with several diseases of similar severity were selected at clinics used by
    clients exposed to improved environmental conditions and by those not so exposed. The results
    suggested that improved environmental sanitation was associated with a reduction in diarrhea of
    about 20% in both locations. Further, in the Philippines study, health personnel took rectal swabs
    from cases and controls and analyzed them for all major diarrhea pathogens in which case, based
    on fecal microbiology, diarrhea reduction was about 40%. These studies have demonstrated
    advantages of the case control methods for assessing the impact of water supply and sanitation
    conditions on diarrheal disease.

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