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    Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Babi
    The document describes the design of a rectangular column with biaxial bending. It provides dimensions of the column, material properties, and factored loads and moments. It then calculates the required reinforcement based on design charts, checking that the provided reinforcement is adequate to resist the factored loads and moments for the column. The reinforcement consists of steel bars and the calculation shows that with 2 or 3 bars of 16mm or 20mm diameter, depending on the particular column, the design is safe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Babi
    300 views21 pages
    The document describes the design of a rectangular column with biaxial bending. It provides dimensions of the column, material properties, and factored loads and moments. It then calculates the required reinforcement based on design charts, checking that the provided reinforcement is adequate to resist the factored loads and moments for the column. The reinforcement consists of steel bars and the calculation shows that with 2 or 3 bars of 16mm or 20mm diameter, depending on the particular column, the design is safe.

    Original Description:

    Beam design

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    The document describes the design of a rectangular column with biaxial bending. It provides dimensions of the column, material properties, and factored loads and moments. It then calculates the required reinforcement based on design charts, checking that the provided reinforcement is adequate to resist the factored loads and moments for the column. The reinforcement consists of steel bars and the calculation shows that with 2 or 3 bars of 16mm or 20mm diameter, depending on the particular column, the design is safe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    300 views21 pages

    Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Babi
    The document describes the design of a rectangular column with biaxial bending. It provides dimensions of the column, material properties, and factored loads and moments. It then calculates the required reinforcement based on design charts, checking that the provided reinforcement is adequate to resist the factored loads and moments for the column. The reinforcement consists of steel bars and the calculation shows that with 2 or 3 bars of 16mm or 20mm diameter, depending on the particular column, the design is safe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 21
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses the design of columns and beams including calculating moments, shear forces, reinforcement requirements, and checking for deflection.

    Rectangular columns with uniaxial and biaxial bending are discussed.

    Factors like length, breadth, concrete grade, reinforcement grade, loads, moments are considered while designing columns.

    DESIGN OF COLUMNS

    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 300 mm 697.7162


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 1.011183
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 358 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 3 nos of 16 mm bars
    3 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 1206 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 1.75

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 1.75


    p/fck = 1.75 / 20
    = 0.087

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 300
    = 0.16
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 358X1000/20X230X300

    = 0.26

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.085
    Mux1 = 35.2 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.085
    Muy1 = 26.98 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 1.75
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 14.50 N/mm2
    Puz = 1000.5 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.358
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.597
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.557

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.597 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 1.7484*b*d/100


    = 1206 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 3 nos of 16 mm bars


    3 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 450 mm 262.5427


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.253664
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 755 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 85 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 39 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 3 nos of 20 mm bars
    3 nos of 20 mm bars
    As = 1885 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 1.82

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 1.82


    p/fck = 1.82 / 20
    = 0.091

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 50 / 450
    = 0.11
    Chart for d1/D = 0.15 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 755X1000/20X230X450

    = 0.36

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.115
    Mux1 = 107.1 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 50 / 230
    = 0.22
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.115
    Muy1 = 54.75 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 1.82
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 14.50 N/mm2
    Puz = 1500.75 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.503
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.793
    Muy/Muy1 = 0.712

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.793 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 1.8212*b*d/100


    = 1885 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 3 nos of 20 mm bars


    3 nos of 20 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 300 mm 100.7013


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.145944
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 524 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 2 nos of 16 mm bars
    2 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 804 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 1.17

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 1.17


    p/fck = 1.17 / 20
    = 0.058

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 300
    = 0.16
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 524X1000/20X230X300

    = 0.38

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.070
    Mux1 = 29.0 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.070
    Muy1 = 22.22 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 1.17
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 12.50 N/mm2
    Puz = 862.5 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.608
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.725
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.890

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.725 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 1.1656*b*d/100


    = 804 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 2 nos of 16 mm bars


    2 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 450 mm 945.873


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.913887
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 565 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 3 nos of 16 mm bars
    3 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 1206 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 1.17

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 1.17


    p/fck = 1.17 / 20
    = 0.058

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 450
    = 0.11
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 565X1000/20X230X450

    = 0.27

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.070
    Mux1 = 65.2 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.070
    Muy1 = 33.33 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 1.17
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 14.00 N/mm2
    Puz = 1449 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.390
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.322
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.260

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.322 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 1.1656*b*d/100


    = 1206 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 3 nos of 16 mm bars


    3 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 340 mm 253.1919


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.323775
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 696 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 4 nos of 16 mm bars
    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 1608 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 2.06

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 2.06


    p/fck = 2.06 / 20
    = 0.103

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 340
    = 0.14
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 696X1000/20X230X340

    = 0.45

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Mux1 = 34.6 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Muy1 = 23.38 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 2.06
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 15.00 N/mm2
    Puz = 1173 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.593
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.608
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.796

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.608 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 2.0569*b*d/100


    = 1608 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 4 nos of 16 mm bars


    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 340 mm 253.1919


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.323775
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 696 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 4 nos of 16 mm bars
    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 1608 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 2.06

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 2.06


    p/fck = 2.06 / 20
    = 0.103

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 340
    = 0.14
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 696X1000/20X230X340

    = 0.45

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Mux1 = 34.6 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Muy1 = 23.38 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 2.06
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 15.00 N/mm2
    Puz = 1173 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.593
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.608
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.796

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.608 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 2.0569*b*d/100


    = 1608 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 4 nos of 16 mm bars


    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF COLUMNS
    (C1)
    RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH BIAXIAL BENDING

    Length of the column = 340 mm 253.1919


    Breadth of the column = 230 mm 0.323775
    Concrete mix M25(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 696 KN
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the larger dimension,(Mux) = 21 KN.m
    Factored moment acting parallel
    to the shorter dimension(Muy) = 42 KN.m

    Solution:
    Provided reinforcement = 4 nos of 16 mm bars
    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    As = 1608 mm 2

    Provided reinforcement percentage p = Ast*100/bd


    = 2.06

    Provided reinforcement percentage, p = 2.06


    p/fck = 2.06 / 20
    = 0.103

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about XX-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 340
    = 0.14
    Chart for d1/D = 0.2 will be used
    Pu/fck bD = 696X1000/20X230X340

    = 0.45

    Referring to chart 46
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Mux1 = 34.6 KN.m

    Uniaxial moment capacity of the section about YY-axis

    d1/D = 48 / 230
    = 0.21
    Chart for d /D =
    1
    0.2 will be used

    Referring to Chart 44
    Mu/fck bD2 = 0.065
    Muy1 = 23.38 KN.m
    Calculation of Puz

    Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to


    p = 2.06
    fy = 415
    fck = 20
    Puz/Ag = 15.00 N/mm2
    Puz = 1173 KN

    Pu/Puz = 0.593
    Mux/Mux1 = 0.608
    Muy/Muy1 = 1.796

    Referring to Chart 64, the permissible value of Mux/Mux1 corresponding to the above
    values of Muy/Muy1 and Pu/Puz is equal to 0.980

    0.608 < 0.980


    HENSE SAFE

    Hence provided reinforcement (As) = 2.0569*b*d/100


    = 1608 mm2

    PROVIDED REINFORCEMENT = 4 nos of 16 mm bars


    4 nos of 16 mm bars
    DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM
    DATA
    Length of the beam = 5000 mm
    Breadth of the beam = 230 mm
    Depth of the beam = 450 mm
    Eff. Depth of the beam = 412.5 mm
    Concrete mix M20(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored Moment (Mu) = 50 kNm [ From Staad]
    Mu/bd 2
    = 50x10^6/(230x412.5x412.5)
    = 1.278
    design as singly reinforced beam Refer
    pt = 0.385 SP 16 Table - 2 -4
    Area of tensile steel = pt bd/100
    = (0.385x412.5x230)/100
    Required Ast = 365 mm2
    Provided 2 nos of 12 mm 226.2 mm2 (At bottom)
    Provided 2 nos of 12 mm 226.2 mm2 (At bottom)
    Hence Safe 452 mm2 Refer
    CALCULATION OF SHEAR SP 16 Table - 95
    Factored Shear Force V = 43 kN [ From Staad]

    v = V/bd
    = 43x10^3/230x450
    = 0.420 N/mm2
    ζ c max = 2.8 N/mm2 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    ζc = 0.59 N/mm2 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    Asv/Sv = b(v-ζ c )/0.87fy
    choose 8 mm dia rod two legged links
    Asv = 101 mm2

    Sv = 101x.87x415/(230x(0.42-0.59)
    = -932.6 mm
    Sv max = 0.75d
    = 337.5 Refer
    Hence provided stirrups 2L 8 mm at 200 mm c/c SP 16 Table - 95
    Hence Safe
    Check For Defelection
    Basic span ratio = 20 (As per cl. 23.2.1 of IS 456-2000)
    Fs = 195
    FOR TENSION
    Percentage of steel = 0.476
    Modification factor (F1) = 1.05 (As per fig.4 of IS 456-2000)
    Allowable L/d ratio (basicxF1) = 21 mm
    Actual span/depth ratio = (5/0.4125)
    = 12.12 mm
    12.12 < 21.00
    Therefore, the actual ratio is less than the allowable ratio. It is enough to control deflection
    Hence Safe
    DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM
    DATA
    Length of the beam = 3115 mm
    Breadth of the beam = 300 mm
    Depth of the beam = 600 mm
    Eff. Depth of the beam = 562.5 mm
    Concrete mix M20(fck) = 25 N/mm2
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored Moment (Mu) = 1705 kNm [ From Staad]

    Mu/bd2 = 1705x10^6/(300x562.5x562.5)
    = 18.000
    design as doubly reinforced beam
    pt = 2.460 Refer
    pc = 1.330 SP 16 Table - 50 - 56
    Area of tensile steel = pt bd/100
    = (2.46x300x562.5)/100
    Required Ast = 4151 mm2
    Provided 5 nos of 25 mm 2454 mm2 (At bottom)
    Provided 5 nos of 25 mm 2454 mm 2
    (At bottom)
    Hence Safe 4909 mm2 Refer
    SP 16 Table - 95
    Area of compression steel = pc bd/100
    = (1.33x300x562.5)/100
    Required Asc = 2244 mm2
    Provided 2 nos of 16 mm 402.1 mm2 (At top)
    Un Safe Refer
    SP 16 Table - 95
    CALCULATION OF SHEAR
    Factored Shear Force V = 28 kN [ From Staad]

    v = V/bd
    = 28x10^3/300x600
    = 0.160 N/mm2
    ζ c max = 2.8 N/mm2 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    ζc = 0.59 N/mm2 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    Asv/Sv = b(v-ζ c )/0.87fy
    choose 8 mm dia rod two legged links

    Asv = 101 mm2

    Sv = 101x.87x415/(300x(0.16-0.59)
    = -282.7 mm
    Sv max = 0.75d
    = 450 Refer
    Hence provided stirrups 2L 8 mm at 200 mm c/c SP 16 Table - 95
    Hence Safe
    Check For Defelection
    Basic span ratio = 20 (As per cl. 23.2.1 of IS 456-2000)
    Fs = 204
    FOR TENSION
    Percentage of steel = 2.909
    Modification factor (F1) = 0.95 (As per fig.4 of IS 456-2000)
    Allowable L/d ratio (basicxF1) = 19 mm
    Actual span/depth ratio = (3.115/0.025)
    = 5.54 mm
    5.54 < 19.00
    Therefore, the actual ratio is less than the allowable ratio. It is enough to control deflection
    Hence Safe

    FOR COMPRESSION
    Percentage of steel = 0.238
    Modification factor (F1) = 1.15 (As per fig.5 of IS 456-2000)
    Allowable L/d ratio (basicxF1) = 23 mm
    Actual span/depth ratio = (3.115/0.5625)
    = 5.54 mm
    5.54 < 23.00
    Therefore, the actual ratio is less than the allowable ratio. It is enough to control deflection
    Hence Safe
    DESIGN OF BEAMS
    (PUMP ROOM BOTTOM)
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

    DATA
    Length of the beam = 4800 mm
    Breadth of the beam = 300 mm
    Depth of the beam = 450 mm
    Concrete mix M20(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 65 kN/m

    CALCULATION OF MOMENT

    Moment (Mu) = wl2/8 Consider as Simply Supported Beam


    = (65x4800x4800)/8
    = 187 kNm

    Mu/bd2 = 187x10^6/(300x450x450)
    = 3.078
    design as doubly reinforced beam
    pt = 1.055 singly Refer Table 2 (sp-16)
    pc = 0.103 doubly Refer Table 50(sp-16)
    Area of tensile steel = pt bd/100
    = (1.055x450x300)/100
    Required Ast = 1424 mm2

    Area of compression steel = pc bd/100


    = (0.103x65x415)/100
    Required Asc = 28 mm2

    Provided 4 nos of 20 mm 1257 mm2 (At bottom)


    Provided 2 nos of 12 mm 226.2 mm 2
    (At bottom)
    Hence Safe Refer Table 95 (sp-16)

    Provided 2 nos of 12 mm 226.2 mm2 (At top)


    Hence Safe Refer Table 95 (sp-16)

    Check For Deflection

    Basic span ratio = 32 (as per cl. 23.2.1 of IS 456-2000)


    fs = 231
    Percentage of steel alon = 1.098 (needed)
    Modification factor (F1) = 1.06 as per fig.4 of IS 456-2000)
    Allowable L/d ratio (basicxF = 33.92 mm
    Actual span/depth ratio (4.8/0.45) = 10.67 mm
    33.92 > 10.67 HENCE OK
    Therefore, the actual ratio is less than the allowable ratio. It is enough to control deflection
    DESIGN OF BEAMS
    (LUS LEVEL BEAM)
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

    DATA
    Length of the beam = 4800 mm
    Breadth of the beam = 300 mm
    Depth of the beam = 450 mm
    Concrete mix M20(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    Characteristic strength of
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 75 kN/m

    CALCULATION OF MOMENT

    Moment (Mu) = wl2/8 Consider as Simply Supported Beam


    = (75x4800x4800)/8
    = 216 kNm

    Mu/bd2 = 216x10^6/(300x450x450)
    = 3.556
    design as doubly reinforced beam
    pt = 1.25 singly Refer Table 2 (sp-16)
    pc = 0.30 doubly Refer Table 50(sp-16)
    Area of tensile steel = pt bd/100
    = (1.25x450x300)/100
    Required Ast = 1688 mm2

    Area of compression steel = pc bd/100


    = (0.3x75x415)/100
    Required Asc = 93 mm2

    Provided 4 nos of 20 mm 1257 mm2 (At bottom)


    Provided 2 nos of 20 mm 628.3 mm 2
    (At bottom)
    Hence Safe Refer Table 95 (sp-16)

    Provided 2 nos of 16 mm 402.1 mm2 (At top)


    Hence Safe Refer Table 95 (sp-16)

    Check For Deflection

    Basic span ratio = 32 (as per cl. 23.2.1 of IS 456-2000)


    fs = 215
    Percentage of steel alon = 1.396 (needed)
    Modification factor (F1) = 1.04 as per fig.4 of IS 456-2000)
    Allowable L/d ratio (basicxF = 33.31 mm
    Actual span/depth ratio (4.8/0.45) = 10.67 mm
    33.31 > 10.67 HENCE OK
    Therefore, the actual ratio is less than the allowable ratio. It is enough to control deflection
    DESIGN OF BEAMS
    (AT ROOF LEVEL)
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

    DATA
    Length of the beam = 2000 mm
    Breadth of the beam = 300 mm
    Depth of the beam = 450 mm
    Concrete mix M20(fck) = 20 N/mm2
    reinforcement (fy) = 415 N/mm2
    Factored load(Pu) = 50 kN/m

    CALCULATION OF MOMENT

    Moment (Mu) = wl2/8 Consider as Simply Supported Beam


    = (50x2000x2000)/8
    = 25 kNm

    Mu/bd2 = 25x10^6/(300x450x450)
    = 0.412
    design as singly reinforced beam
    pt = 0.13 singly Refer Table 2 (sp-16)
    Area of tensile steel = pt bd/100
    = (0.128x450x300)/100
    Required Ast = 173 mm2
    Minimum Reinforcement = 0.87bd/fy
    = 283

    Provided 4 nos of 12 mm 452.4 mm2 (At bottom)


    Hence Safe Refer Table 95 (sp-16)

    CALCULATION OF SHEAR
    Factored Shear Force V = 60 kN (for the factored load of 50 kN/m)

    v = V/bd
    = 60x10^3/300x450
    = 0.444 N/mm2
    ζ c max = 2.8 N/mm2 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    ζc = 0.42 N/mm2 0.335 (Refer Table:20 IS456-2000)
    Asv/Sv = b(v-ζ c )/0.87fy
    choose 8 mm dia rod two legged links

    Asv = 101 mm2

    Sv = 101x.87x415/(300x(0.444-0.42))
    = 5064.7 mm
    Sv max = 0.75d
    = 337.5
    Hence provided stirrups 2L 8 mm at 150 mm c/c
    Hence Safe

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