Sample Calulation (Beam 1)

MATERIAL AND DESIGN DATA

Code of
fcu (N/mm²) Ec, (N/mm²) fy (N/mm²) fyv (N/mm²) γc γs
Practice
24597
BS8110 :
30 (User 460 460 1.5 1.05
1997
Defined)

Conc. Unit Weight Steel Unit Weight

Cover (mm) Side Cover (mm)
(kN/m³) (kg/m³)
25 25 24 7860

Beam Design Detail Report

DETAIL CALCULATION FOR BEAM gb1(200x500)

GENERAL AND DIMENSION DATA

Reinforcement Design Parameter : Floor
Beam Located along grid 2/B-B1
Number of Span within beam = 1
Number of Section defined by user = 1
Number of Supports = 2
Beam Cantilever End = Nil.

Section Dimension Data

Length Width Begin Depth End Depth
Span Section
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1 3750 200 500 500

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Maximum Concrete Strain, Ecc = 0.0035
Average Concrete Stress above Neutral Axis, k1 = 12.12 N/mm²
Concrete Lever Arm Factor, k2 = 0.4518
Limiting Effective Depth Factor, cb = 0.50
k2 / k1 Factor, kkk = 0.0373
Limiting Concrete Moment Capacity Factor, kk1 = cb × k1 × (1 - cb * k2) = 0.50 × 12.12 ×
(1 - 0.50 × 0.4518) = 4.6911 N/mm²

BEAM gb1(200x500) SPAN NO. 1

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 59.8 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 59.8 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 1.419 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.419 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 56.917 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 12.12 × 200 × 56.917 / 1000 = 137.97
kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fy / γs) = 137.97 × 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 315
mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 137.97 × (459.0 - 0.4518 × 56.917) / 1000 =
59.8 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 315 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 55.5 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 55.5 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 1.317 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.317 <= 4.691

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 52.609 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 12.12 × 200 × 52.609 / 1000 = 127.53
kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fy / γs) = 127.53 × 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 292
mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 127.53 × (459.0 - 0.4518 × 52.609) / 1000 =
55.5 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 292 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 1.0 ×
10³ / (0.9524 × 460) = 2 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 1 = 131 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 291 + 2 = 294 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 1.0 ×
10³ / (0.9524 × 460) = 2 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 1 = 131 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 2 = 133 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 1.0 ×
10³ / (0.9524 × 460) = 2 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 1 = 131 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 2 = 133 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 200.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 459.0
mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (200.0 × 459.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 500.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% × 200.0 × 500.0 = 130 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 130 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 1.0 ×
10³ / (0.9524 × 460) = 2 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 1 = 131 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 130 + 2 = 133 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 1.0 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 1.0 ×
10³ / (0.9524 × 460) = 2 mm²
* Steel area required by tensile force applied to top and bottom reinforcement only

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT

(B:0 mm E:938 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 58.7 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 × Side Cover - DiaLink = 200 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 140 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 × Cover - DiaLink = 500 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 440 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 140 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 440 mm

Section Dimension: Dmin = 200.0 mm, Dmax = 500.0 mm

Torsion Stress, νst = 2 × T × 106 / (Dmin² × (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.01 N/mm²
Effective depth, d = 459.0 mm
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 58.7 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.64 N/mm²

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3

Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, νtu = Min (0.8 × √fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm²
Total Stress, νTot = νss + νst = 0.64 + 0.01 = 0.65 N/mm² ≤ νtu (4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2: Clause 2.4.5

Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 440.0 mm < 550 mm
νtu × y1 / 550 = 4.38 × 440.0 / 550 = 3.51 N/mm²
νst = 0.01 N/mm² ≤ 3.51 N/mm²
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3

Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, νt,min = Min (0.067 × √fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm²
Torsion Stress, νst = 0.01 N/mm² < νt,min = 0.37 N/mm² -> No Torsion Reinforcement is
needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 54.7 kN

Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, νMax = Min (0.8 × √30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm² - Clause
3.4.5.2
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 54.7 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.60 N/mm² ≤ νMax
(4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 226 mm²

- Table 3.8: Values of νc, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 × As / (bv × d) = 0.25 % ≤ 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 459.0 = 0.871
(400 / d)^ ¼ = 0.966 < 1, (400 / d)^ ¼ taken as 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm², Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 =
1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, νc = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)}⅓ (400 / d)¼ (fcu / 25)⅓ / γm
= 0.79 × {0.25}⅓ × 1.000 × (1.200)⅓ / 1.25 = 0.42 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V × h / M = 54746 × 500.0 / 7961314 = 3.44 > 1.00, VhM Ratio taken as
1.00
Design Shear Capacity, νc1' = νc + 0.60 × (N / Ac) × VhM = 0.421 + 0.60 × (-974.4 /
100000.0) × 1.00 = 0.415 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, νc2' = νc × √[1 + N / (Ac × νc)] = 0.421 × √[1 + -974.4 / (100000.0
× 0.42)] = 0.416 N/mm²
Design Shear Capacity, νc2' > νc1' --> Use νc1' for design

Minimum Design Shear Stress, νMin = 0.40 N/mm²

νss = 0.596 < νc' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, νd = νmin = 0.40 N/mm²
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd × b) / (fyy × fy) = (0.40 × 200) / (0.95 ×
460) = 0.183 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : T10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.183 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:938 mm E:2813 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 30.9 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 × Side Cover - DiaLink = 200 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 140 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 × Cover - DiaLink = 500 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 440 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 140 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 440 mm

Section Dimension: Dmin = 200.0 mm, Dmax = 500.0 mm

Torsion Stress, νst = 2 × T × 106 / (Dmin² × (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.01 N/mm²
Effective depth, d = 459.0 mm
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 30.9 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.34 N/mm²

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3

Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, νtu = Min (0.8 × √fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm²
Total Stress, νTot = νss + νst = 0.34 + 0.01 = 0.35 N/mm² ≤ νtu (4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2: Clause 2.4.5

Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 440.0 mm < 550 mm
νtu × y1 / 550 = 4.38 × 440.0 / 550 = 3.51 N/mm²
νst = 0.01 N/mm² ≤ 3.51 N/mm²
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3

Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, νt,min = Min (0.067 × √fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm²
Torsion Stress, νst = 0.01 N/mm² < νt,min = 0.37 N/mm² -> No Torsion Reinforcement is
needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 30.9 kN

Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, νMax = Min (0.8 × √30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm² - Clause
3.4.5.2
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 30.9 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.34 N/mm² ≤ νMax
(4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 339 mm²

- Table 3.8: Values of νc, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 × As / (bv × d) = 0.37 % ≤ 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 459.0 = 0.871
(400 / d)^ ¼ = 0.966 < 1, (400 / d)^ ¼ taken as 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm², Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 =
1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, νc = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)}⅓ (400 / d)¼ (fcu / 25)⅓ / γm
= 0.79 × {0.37}⅓ × 1.000 × (1.200)⅓ / 1.25 = 0.48 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V × h / M = 30939 × 500.0 / 46391865 = 0.33
Design Shear Capacity, νc1' = νc + 0.60 × (N / Ac) × VhM = 0.482 + 0.60 × (-974.4 /
100000.0) × 0.33 = 0.480 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, νc2' = νc × √[1 + N / (Ac × νc)] = 0.482 × √[1 + -974.4 / (100000.0
× 0.48)] = 0.477 N/mm²
Select νc2' as νc' for design

Minimum Design Shear Stress, νMin = 0.40 N/mm²

νss = 0.337 < νc' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, νd = νmin = 0.40 N/mm²
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd × b) / (fyy × fy) = (0.40 × 200) / (0.95 ×
460) = 0.183 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : T10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.183 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:2813 mm E:3750 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 54.5 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 × Side Cover - DiaLink = 200 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 140 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 × Cover - DiaLink = 500 - 2 × 25 - 10 = 440 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 140 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 440 mm

Section Dimension: Dmin = 200.0 mm, Dmax = 500.0 mm

Torsion Stress, νst = 2 × T × 106 / (Dmin² × (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.01 N/mm²
Effective depth, d = 459.0 mm
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 54.5 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.59 N/mm²

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3

Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, νtu = Min (0.8 × √fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm²
Total Stress, νTot = νss + νst = 0.59 + 0.01 = 0.61 N/mm² ≤ νtu (4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2: Clause 2.4.5

Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 440.0 mm < 550 mm
νtu × y1 / 550 = 4.38 × 440.0 / 550 = 3.51 N/mm²
νst = 0.01 N/mm² ≤ 3.51 N/mm²
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3

Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, νt,min = Min (0.067 × √fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm²
Torsion Stress, νst = 0.01 N/mm² < νt,min = 0.37 N/mm² -> No Torsion Reinforcement is
needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 52.0 kN

Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, νMax = Min (0.8 × √30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm² - Clause
3.4.5.2
Shear Stress, νss = V × 1000 / (b × d) = 52.0 × 1000 / (200.0 × 459.0) = 0.57 N/mm² ≤ νMax
(4.38 N/mm²)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 226 mm²

- Table 3.8: Values of νc, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 × As / (bv × d) = 0.25 % ≤ 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 459.0 = 0.871
(400 / d)^ ¼ = 0.966 < 1, (400 / d)^ ¼ taken as 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm², Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 =
1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, νc = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)}⅓ (400 / d)¼ (fcu / 25)⅓ / γm
= 0.79 × {0.25}⅓ × 1.000 × (1.200)⅓ / 1.25 = 0.42 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V × h / M = 52024 × 500.0 / 5685362 = 4.58 > 1.00, VhM Ratio taken as
1.00
Design Shear Capacity, νc1' = νc + 0.60 × (N / Ac) × VhM = 0.421 + 0.60 × (-974.4 /
100000.0) × 1.00 = 0.415 N/mm²
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, νc2' = νc × √[1 + N / (Ac × νc)] = 0.421 × √[1 + -974.4 / (100000.0
× 0.42)] = 0.416 N/mm²
Design Shear Capacity, νc2' > νc1' --> Use νc1' for design

Minimum Design Shear Stress, νMin = 0.40 N/mm²

νss = 0.567 < νc' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, νd = νmin = 0.40 N/mm²
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd × b) / (fyy × fy) = (0.40 × 200) / (0.95 ×
460) = 0.183 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : T10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.183 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Basic Span / Effective Depth Ratio, Br = 20.0
Span Length, l = 3750.0 mm, Effective Depth, d = 459.0 mm
Actual Span / Effective Depth Ratio, Ar = 8.2
Ultimate Design Moment, Mu = 59.8 kNm
Design Steel Strength, fy = 460.0 N/mm²
Tension Steel Area Required, AsReq = 315 mm²
Tension Steel Area Provided, AsProv = 339 mm²
Compression Steel Area Provided, AsProv (Comp.) = 226 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on BS8110: 1997

- Table 3.9: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Table 3.10: Modification factor for tension reinforcement
- Table 3.11: Modification factor for compression reinforcement

Design Service Stress in Tension Reinforcement, Equation 8

fs = {(2 × fy × AsReq) / (3 × AsProv)} × (1 / ßb)
= {(2 × 460.0 × 315) / (3 × 339)} × (1 / 1.00) = 284.6 N/mm²

Modification Factor for Tension Reinforcement, Equation 7

MFt = 0.55 + {(477 - fs) / (120 × (0.9 + (M/bd²)))}
= 0.55 + {(477 - 284.6) / (120 × (0.9 + (59.8 × 1000000 / (200 × 459.0²)))}
= 1.24 <= 2.0

New Modification Factor for Compression Reinforcement, Equation 9

MFc = 1 + {(100 × AsProv / (b × d)) / (3 + (100 × AsProv / (b × d)))}
= 1 + {(100 × 226 / (200.0 × 459.0)) / (3 + (100 × 226 / (200.0 × 459.0)))}
= 1.08 <= 1.5

New Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFt × MFc) / Ar = (20.0 × 1.24 × 1.08) / 8.2 = 3.27
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED