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MA102 Tutorial2

This document contains 20 practice problems related to linear algebra concepts like subspaces, linear independence, spanning sets, and finding the dimension and basis of vector spaces and subspaces. The problems cover topics such as determining if sets of vectors form subspaces, finding bases and dimensions of subspaces, extending sets to bases, and determining linear independence.

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Mayyank Garg
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views

MA102 Tutorial2

This document contains 20 practice problems related to linear algebra concepts like subspaces, linear independence, spanning sets, and finding the dimension and basis of vector spaces and subspaces. The problems cover topics such as determining if sets of vectors form subspaces, finding bases and dimensions of subspaces, extending sets to bases, and determining linear independence.

Uploaded by

Mayyank Garg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA102 Linear Algebra

Tutorial Sheet-2
Second Semester of Academic Year 2017-2018

1. Show that the only possible subspaces of R3 are the zero space {0}, lines passing through
origin, planes passing through origin and whole R3 .

2. Let α1 , α2 , α3 be fixed real numbers. Show that the vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ R4 such that
x4 = α1 x1 + α2 x2 + α3 x3 form a subspace, which is spanned by (1, 0, 0, α1 ), (0, 1, 0, α2 ) and
(0, 0, 1, α3 ). Find the dimension of this subspace.

3. Let L(S) denote the subspace spanned by a subset S of a vector space V . Prove that if
S ⊆ T ⊆ V and T is a subspace of V , then L(S) ⊆ T . (That is L(S) is the smallest
subspace of V which contains S).

4. Examine whether the following sets of vectors constitute a vector space. If so, find the
dimension and basis of that vector space.

(a) The set of all real functions of the form acosx + bsinx + c, where a, b, c ∈ R.
(b) Homogeneous polynomials in two variables of degree 3 together with zero polynomial.
(c) The set of all n × n real matrices which are : (i) diagonal; (ii) upper triangular; (iii)
trace-zero; (iv) symmetric; (v) anti-symmetric; (vi) invertible; (vii) noninvertible.
(d) The set of all real polynomials of degree 5 together with the zero polynomial.
(e) The set of all complex polynomials of degree ≤ 5 with p(0) = p(1).
(f) The real functions of the form (ax + b)ex , a, b ∈ R.

5. Let Pn (x) denote the vector space consisting of the zero polynomial and all real polynomials
of degree ≤ n, where n is fixed. Check whether the subset S of polynomials is a subspace
of Pn (x) or not, where S is defined by

(a) S = {p(x) ∈ Pn (x) | p(0) = 0}.


(b) S = {p(x) ∈ Pn (x) | p(x) is an odd f unction}.
(c) S = {p(x) ∈ Pn (x) | p(0) = p00 (0) = 0}.

If so, compute the dimension of S.

6. Examine whether the following subsets of the set of real valued functions on R are linearly
dependent or independent. Compute the dimension of the subspace spanned by each set

(a){1 + t, (1 + t)2 } ; (b) {x, |x|}; (c) {1, t, 1 + t2 , (1 + t)2 }.

7. Examine whether the following sets are linearly independent.

(a) {(a, b), (c, d)} ⊂ R2 , with ad − bc 6= 0.


(b) {(1 + i, 2i, 2), (1, 1 + i, 1 − i)} ⊂ C3 .
(c) For α1 , α2 , . . . , αk distinct real numbers, the set {v1 , v2 , . . . vk } ⊂ Rk , where vi =
(1, αi , . . . , αik−1 ).
(d) The set of functions
i. {eα1 x , eα2 x , . . . , eαn x } for distinct real numbers α1 , α2 , . . . , αn .
ii. {1, cosx, cos2x, . . . , cosnx}.
iii. {1, sinx, sin2x, . . . , sinnx}.
iv. {ex , xex , . . . , xn ex }.

8. Let V be a vector space. Let S1 ⊆ S2 ⊆ V .


(a) If S1 is linearly dependent (L.D) then S2 is L.D.
(b) If S2 is linearly independent (L.I) then S1 is L.I.
9. Let S be L.I subset of V and v ∈ V s.t v ∈
/ S, then S ∪ {v} is L.D iff v ∈ span(S).
10. For k = 0, 1, 2, · · · n. Let
Pk (x) = xk + xk+1 + · · · + xn .
Prove that the set {P0 (x), P1 (x), · · · , Pn (x)} is L.I in Pn (R).
11. Let W be a subspace of a finite dim. vector space V . Then dim(W ) < ∞ and dim(W ) ≤
dim(V ). Moreover, dim(W ) = dim(V ) ⇒ V = W .
12. Find the bases for the following subspaces of R5 :
(a) W1 = {(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ) ∈ R5 |a1 − a3 − a4 = 0}.
(b) W2 = {(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ) ∈ R5 |a2 = a3 = a4 , a1 + a5 = 0}.
Also find dim(W1 ) and dim(W2 ).
13. Find conditions on a, b, c so that v = (a, b, c) ∈ R3 belongs to W = span(u1 , u2 , u3 ), where
u1 = (1, 2, 0), u2 = (−1, 1, 2), u3 = (3, 0, −4).
14. State whether the vector space V = P (t), of real polynomials can be spanned by a finite
number of polynomials or not.
15. Let S be a subset of a vector space V. Then prove that
(a) span(S) is a subspace of V containing S.
(b) If W is a subspace of V containing S, then span(S) ⊆ W.
16. Let V be a vector space of 2 × 2 matrices over R. Let W1 and W2 be the subspace of
symmetric and upper-triangular matrices, respectively. Find dim(W1 ) and dim(W2 ) by
finding their bases.
17. Extend the set {(1, 1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 3, 4)} to a basis of R4 .
18. Find the basis and dimension of C over R.
19. Let W be the subspace of R4 spanned by the set {u1 = (1, −2, 5, −3), u2 = (2, 3, 1, −4), u3 =
(3, 8, −3, −5)}
(a) Find a basis and dimension of W.
(b) Extend the basis of W to a basis of R4 .
20. Find a basis and dimension of the subspace W of R3 where:
(a) W = {(a, b, c) ∈ R3 : a + b + c = 0}.
(b) W = {(a, b, c) ∈ R3 : a = b = c}.

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