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ProblemSet 01

This document contains 28 problems related to vector spaces and linear algebra concepts such as subspaces, linear independence, bases and dimensions. Some of the problems ask the reader to determine if given sets are subspaces, find bases, or check for linear independence. Others involve proving properties of subspaces, finding dimensions, or expressing vectors as linear combinations. The problems cover a wide range of concepts involving vector spaces over fields.

Uploaded by

Soumya Ranjan Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views

ProblemSet 01

This document contains 28 problems related to vector spaces and linear algebra concepts such as subspaces, linear independence, bases and dimensions. Some of the problems ask the reader to determine if given sets are subspaces, find bases, or check for linear independence. Others involve proving properties of subspaces, finding dimensions, or expressing vectors as linear combinations. The problems cover a wide range of concepts involving vector spaces over fields.

Uploaded by

Soumya Ranjan Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 202 - Advanced Linear Algebra

Problem Set 1 (Vector Spaces)


IIT Dharwad, Spring 2024
(1) Let F = R and V = R2 . Define addition and scalar multiplication on V as follows:

( x, y) + ( x1 , y1 ) = ( x + x1 , 0)
c · ( x, y) = (cx, 0)

Is V with these operations a vector space ?


(2) On Rn define two operations

α⊕β = α−β
c · α = −cα

Is (Rn , ⊕, ·) a vector space ?


(3) Determine which of the following subsets of Rn are subspaces ?
(a) V1 = {( x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) : x1 = 1};
(b) V2 = {( x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) : x1 = 0};
(c) V3 = {( x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) : ∑in=1 xi yi = 0} where (y1 , y2 , . . . , yn ) is a fixed vector in
Rn .
(4) Let V = C (R) = { f : R → R : f is continuous}. Determine which of the following
are subspaces of C (R).
(a) V4 = { f ∈ V : f (1/2) is a rational number};
R1
(b) V5 = { f ∈ V : 0 f (t)dt = 0};
d2 f df
(c) V6 = { f ∈ V : a dt2 + b dt + c f = 0} where a, b, c are fixed real numbers.
(5) Let F be a field and let n be a positive integer n ≥ 2. Let V = Mn×n (F). Which of the
following sets of matrices W in V are subspaces of V ?
(a) W be the set of all invertible matrices in V;
(b) W be the set of all non-invertible matrices in V;
(c) W := { A ∈ V = AB = BA} where B is some fixed matrix in V;
(d) W := { A ∈ V : A2 = A}.
(6) Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of a vector space V such that W1 ∪ W2 is also a subspace.
Prove that either W1 ⊆ W2 or W2 ⊆ W1 .
(7) Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of a vector space V such that W1 + W2 = V and W1 ∩ W2 =
{0}. Prove that for each vector v ∈ V there are unique vectors w1 in W1 and w2 in W2
such that v = w1 + w2 .
(8) Let V be the vector space of all functions from R to R; let Ve be the subset of even
functions, that is f ( x ) = f (− x ); let Vo be the subset of odd functions, that is f (− x ) =
− f ( x ). Prove that Ve and Vo are subspaces of V.
(9) Find a basis of the subspace of Rn of the solutions of the equation x1 + · · · + xn = 0.
(10) Show that the vector space F[ X ] of all polynomials over a field F is not finitely gener-
ated.
(11) Is the vector space C (R) finite dimensional ?
1
2

(12) Show that the set {1, ( x − a), ( x − a)2 , . . . , ( x − a)n } for a fixed a ∈ F is a basis of the
vector space Pn (F) of all polynomials with coefficients in F of degree atmost n.
(13) Let u1 , . . . , un be linearly independent vectors in a vector space V. Show that any vec-
tor in L(u1 , . . . , un ) is a unique linear combination of u1 , . . . , un .
(14) Describe all the subspaces of R3 .
(15) Let U and V be subspaces of a vector space W. Suppose that U ∩ V = {0} and
dim W = dim U + dim V. Show that for any w ∈ W there exist unique vectors u ∈ U
and v ∈ V such that w = u + v.
(16) What is the dimension of the Q-vector space R ?
(17) Determine whether (1, 1, 1) ∈ L{(1, 3, 4), (4, 0, 1), (3, 1, 2)}.
(18) Prove that every subspace W of a finitely generated vector space V is finitely gener-
ated. Prove that dim W ≤ dim V with equality if and only if V = W.
(19) Let F be a field with two elements. Let V be a two dimensional vector space over F.
Count the number of elements of V, the number of subspaces of V and the number of
different bases.
(20) Let S and T be two dimensional subspaces of R3 . Show that dim(S ∩ T ) ≥ 1.
(21) Find bases of the following vector spaces:
(a) the vector space of all n × n real upper triangular matrices;
(b) the vector space of all real n × n symmetric matrices;
(c) the vector space of all real n × n skew-symmetric matrices;
(d) the vector space of all homogeneous polynomials of degree d in n variables to-
gether with the zero polynomial.
(22) Let Pn [ X ] denote the vector space consisting of the zero polynomial and all real poly-
nomials of degree ≤ n, where n is fixed. Let S be a subset of all polynomials p( x ) in
Pn [ x ] satisfying the following conditions. Check whether S is a subspace; if so, com-
pute dimension of S.
′′
(i) p(0) = 0; (ii) p is an odd function; (iii) p(0) = p (0) = 0.
(23) Examine whether the following subsets of the set of real valued functions on R are
linearly dependent or independent. Compute the dimension of the subspace spanned
by each set
(a) {1 + t, (1 + t)2 }; (b) { x, | x |}.
(24) Examine whether the following sets are linearly independent.
(a) {( a, b), (c, d)} ⊂ R2 , with ad − bc ̸= 0.
(b) {(1 + i, 2i, 2), (1, 1 + i, 1 − i )} in C3 .
(c) For α1 , . . . , αk distinct real numbers, the set {v1 , . . . , vk } ⊆ Rk where
vi = (1, αi , α2i , . . . , αik−1 ).
(25) Let V = C (R) = { f : R → R : f is continuous} be the vector space. Show that the
following sets are linearly independent subset of V.
(a) {1, t};
(b) {t, t2 };
(c) {t, t4 };
(d) {et , t};
3

(e) {tet , e2t };


(f) {sin t, cos t};
(g) {t, sin t};
(h) {eα1 x , eα2 x , · · · , eαn x } for distinct real numbers α1 , α2 , . . . , αn ;
(i) {1, cos x, cos 2x, . . . , cos nx };
(j) {1, sin x, sin 2x, . . . , sin nx };
(k) {e x , xe x , . . . , x n e x }.
(26) Extend the following subsets S to a basis of the corresponding vector space V:
(a) S = {(1, 1)} and V = R2 (b) S = {(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)} and V = R3
(27) For the following subsets S ⊆ R3 , what is L(S) ? Find a basis of L(S).
(i) S = {(4, −3, 7), (1, 9, −2), (7, 11, 6)}
(ii) S = {(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, −1)}
(28) Find a maximal linearly independent subset of the following sets:
(a) {(1, 4, 2), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1)} ∈ R3
(b) {(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)} ⊆ R2

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